河北省黄瓜霜霉病菌对甲霜灵和嘧菌酯的抗性动态及七种药剂的田间防效
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摘要
为明确黄瓜霜霉病菌对甲霜灵和嘧菌酯的抗性动态及相应药剂对黄瓜霜霉病的田间防效,采用叶盘漂浮法监测了2011—2015年河北省黄瓜霜霉病菌对甲霜灵和嘧菌酯的抗性,采用茎叶喷雾法测定了含甲霜灵或精甲霜灵的混剂及嘧菌酯单剂等7种药剂的田间防效。结果表明:采自河北省不同地区的838株黄瓜霜霉病菌对甲霜灵和嘧菌酯普遍产生抗性,抗性频率为100.00%,抗性倍数为482.99和354.97,黄瓜霜霉病菌对甲霜灵和嘧菌酯的抗性随着监测地区和监测年限而波动,唐山、沧州、石家庄、衡水、廊坊和保定市的菌株对甲霜灵和嘧菌酯的抗性指数高于其它地区,黄瓜霜霉病菌对甲霜灵和嘧菌酯的抗性指数在不同年度间高位波动。按照田间推荐剂量喷施,250 g/L嘧菌酯悬浮剂对黄瓜霜霉病的防效为72.15%~74.13%;68%精甲霜灵·代森锰锌水分散粒剂和58%甲霜灵·代森锰锌可湿性粉剂的防效分别为65.30%~70.19%和63.26%~68.35%,与80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂防效相当;50%烯酰吗啉可湿性粉剂、250 g/L双炔酰菌胺悬浮剂和687.5 g/L氟吡菌胺·霜霉威盐酸盐悬浮剂的防效达82.00%以上,对黄瓜霜霉病具有较好的防效,在黄瓜霜霉病菌对嘧菌酯、甲霜灵和精甲霜灵产生抗性的地区,可作为替代或混配药剂使用。
In order to clarify resistance dynamics of Pseudoperonospora cubensis to metalaxyl and azoxystrobin and control effects of fungicides containing metalaxyl and azoxystrobin against cucumber downy mildew, the resistance to metalaxyl and azoxystrobin in 838 P. cubensis strains collected from different areas of Hebei Province from 2011 to 2015 was measured by using the leaf disc floating method, and the control efficacies of seven fungicides including azoxystrobin 250 g/L SC and metalaxyl·mancozeb 58 WP or mefenoxam·mancozeb 68 WG against cucumber downy mildew were assayed in the field with the method of spraying stems and leaves. The results showed that the resistance to metalaxyl and azoxystrobin widely occurred in all 838 P. cubensis strains with resistance frequency up to100.00%. The resistance factors to metalaxyl and azoxystrobin were 482.99 and 354.97, respectively.The resistance frequency and resistance index fluctuated over areas of monitoring and years of monitoring, the resistance index of strains from Tangshan, Cangzhou, Shijiazhuang, Hengshui, Langfang and Baoding were higher than those from the other areas of monitoring in Hebei Province, and the index of resistance were at the high levels. The field trials of fungicides were performed at the recommended doses. Control efficacy used for the field of azoxystrobin 250 g/L SC was 72.15%-74.13%; control efficacy of mefenoxam·mancozeb 68 WG and metalaxyl·mancozeb 58 WP were 63.26%-70.19%,equivalent to or poorer than control efficacy of mancozeb 80 WP, the poor performance of azoxystrobin250 g/L SC and metalaxyl·mancozeb 58 WP or mefenoxam·mancozeb 68 WG against cucumber downy mildew may be due to development of resistance to azoxystrobin, metalaxyl or mefenoxam; control efficacies of dimethomorph 50 WP, mandipropamid 250 g/L SC and fluopicolide·propamocarb hydrochloride 687.5 g/L SC were more than 82.00%, which could be used singly or in mixtures with the other fungicides for control of cucumber downy mildew in the areas where development of resistance to azoxystrobin, metalaxyl and mefenoxam occurred in P. cubensis as substitute for azoxystrobin 250 g/L SC and metalaxyl·mancozeb 58 WP or mefenoxam·mancozeb 68 WG.
In order to clarify resistance dynamics of Pseudoperonospora cubensis to metalaxyl and azoxystrobin and control effects of fungicides containing metalaxyl and azoxystrobin against cucumber downy mildew, the resistance to metalaxyl and azoxystrobin in 838 P. cubensis strains collected from different areas of Hebei Province from 2011 to 2015 was measured by using the leaf disc floating method, and the control efficacies of seven fungicides including azoxystrobin 250 g/L SC and metalaxyl·mancozeb 58 WP or mefenoxam·mancozeb 68 WG against cucumber downy mildew were assayed in the field with the method of spraying stems and leaves. The results showed that the resistance to metalaxyl and azoxystrobin widely occurred in all 838 P. cubensis strains with resistance frequency up to100.00%. The resistance factors to metalaxyl and azoxystrobin were 482.99 and 354.97, respectively.The resistance frequency and resistance index fluctuated over areas of monitoring and years of monitoring, the resistance index of strains from Tangshan, Cangzhou, Shijiazhuang, Hengshui, Langfang and Baoding were higher than those from the other areas of monitoring in Hebei Province, and the index of resistance were at the high levels. The field trials of fungicides were performed at the recommended doses. Control efficacy used for the field of azoxystrobin 250 g/L SC was 72.15%-74.13%; control efficacy of mefenoxam·mancozeb 68 WG and metalaxyl·mancozeb 58 WP were 63.26%-70.19%,equivalent to or poorer than control efficacy of mancozeb 80 WP, the poor performance of azoxystrobin250 g/L SC and metalaxyl·mancozeb 58 WP or mefenoxam·mancozeb 68 WG against cucumber downy mildew may be due to development of resistance to azoxystrobin, metalaxyl or mefenoxam; control efficacies of dimethomorph 50 WP, mandipropamid 250 g/L SC and fluopicolide·propamocarb hydrochloride 687.5 g/L SC were more than 82.00%, which could be used singly or in mixtures with the other fungicides for control of cucumber downy mildew in the areas where development of resistance to azoxystrobin, metalaxyl and mefenoxam occurred in P. cubensis as substitute for azoxystrobin 250 g/L SC and metalaxyl·mancozeb 58 WP or mefenoxam·mancozeb 68 WG.
引文
Cohen Y,Reuveni M.1983.Occurrence of metalaxyl-resistant isolates of Phytophthora infestans in potato fields in Israel.Phytopathology,73(6):925-927
Cohen Y,Samoucha Y.1984.Cross-resistance to four systemic fungicides in metalaxyl-resistance strains of Phytophthora infestans and Pseudoperonspora cubensis.Plant Disease,68(2):137-139
Cui JM,Yang XJ,Zhao JJ,Wang WQ,Meng RJ,Yan L,Han XY,Ma ZQ,Zhang JL,Zhang XF.2013.Studies on baseline sensitivity to mandipropamid and biological characteristics of resistant mutants of Pseudoperonospora cubensis.Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,15(5):496-503(in Chinese)[崔继敏,杨晓津,赵建江,王文桥,孟润杰,闫磊,韩秀英,马志强,张金林,张小风.2013.黄瓜霜霉病菌对双炔酰菌胺的敏感基线及其抗性突变体生物学性状研究.农药学学报,15(5):496-503]
Davidse LC,Danial DL,van Westen CJ.1983.Resistance to metalaxyl in Phytophthora infestans in the Netherlands.Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology,89(1):1-20
Diriw?chter G,Sozzi D,Ney C,Staub T.1987.Cross-resistance in Phytophthora infestans and Plasmopara viticola against different phenylamides and unrelated fungicides.Crop Protection,6(4):250-255
Estep LK,Zala M,Anderson NP,Sackett KE,Flowers M,Mc Donald BA,Mundt CC.2013.First report of resistance to Qo I fungicides in North American populations of Zymoseptoria tritici,causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch of wheat.Plant Disease,97(11):1511
Gisi U,Sierotzki H.2008.Fungicide modes of action and resistance in downy mildews.European Journal of Plant Pathology,122(1):157-167
Han XY,Ma ZQ,Li HX,Wang WQ,Kang LJ,Zhang XF.2004.Study on the sensitivity baseline of Pseudoperonospora cubensisto to the strobilurin fungicide azoxystrobin.Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,6(2):76-79(in Chinese)[韩秀英,马志强,李红霞,王文桥,康丽娟,张小风.2004.黄瓜霜霉病菌对嘧菌酯的敏感基线研究.农药学学报,6(2):76-79]
Ishii H,Fraaije BA,Sugiyama T,Noguchi K,Nishimura K,Takeda T,Amano T,Hollomon DW.2001.Occurrence and molecular characterization of strobilurin resistance in cucumber powdery mildew and downy mildew.Phytopathology,91(12):1166-1171
Jia JC,Ma L,Fan ZJ,Xia Q,Liu XF.2008.Progress on study of resistance mechanism of strobilurin fungicides.Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,10(1):1-9(in Chinese)[贾俊超,马琳,范志金,夏倩,刘秀峰.2008.病原菌对Strobilurin类杀菌剂抗药性机理的研究进展.农药学学报,10(1):1-9]
Kang LJ,Han XY,Ma ZQ.2004.Toxicity and field control efficacy of azoxystrobin to three kinds of vegetable diseases as well as its safety to vegetables.Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,6(1):85-88(in Chinese)[康丽娟,韩秀英,马志强.2004.嘧菌酯对三种蔬菜病害的毒力、防效及安全性研究.农药学学报,6(1):85-88]
Keith J,Brent KJ,Hollomon DW.2007.Fungicide resistance:the assessment of risk.//FRAC Monograph No.2(second,revised edition).Brussels:Fungicide Resistance Action Committee,pp.1-52
Kim YS,Dixon EW,Vincelli P,Farman ML.2003.Field resistance to strobilurin(Qo I)fungicides in Pyricularia grisea caused by mutations in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene.Phytopathology,93(7):891-900
Lebeda A,Cohen Y.2010.Cucurbit downy mildew(Pseudoperonospora cubensis):biology,ecology,epidemiology,host-pathogen interaction and control.European Journal of Plant Pathology,129(2):157-192
Liu XY.2004.Baseline sensitivity of Pseudoperonospora cubensis and Alternaria solania to azoxystrobin and resistance risk assessment.Master Thesis.Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University(in Chinese)[刘晓宇.2004.黄瓜霜霉病菌和番茄早疫病菌对嘧菌酯的敏感性基线及抗药性风险评估.硕士学位论文.南京:南京农业大学]
Ma HJ,Wang WQ.2010.Occurrence of fungicide resistance and chemical control of cucumber downy mildew.Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences,14(8):36-41,55(in Chinese)[马辉杰,王文桥.2010.黄瓜霜霉病抗药性的发生及化学防治.河北农业科学,14(8):36-41,55]
Reuveni M,Eyal H,Cohen Y.1980.Development of resistance to metalaxyl in Pseudoperonospora cubensis.Plant Disease,64(12):1108-1109
Savory EA,Granke LL,Quesada-Ocampo LM,Varbanova M,Hausbeck MK,Day B.2011.The cucurbit downy mildew pathogen Pseudoperonospora cubensis.Molecular Plant Pathology,12(3):217-226
Schwinn F,Sozzi D.1982.Recommended methods for the detection and measurement of resistance of plant pathogens to fungicides:method for fungicide resistance in late blight of potato-FAOmethod No.30.Plant Protection Bulletin,30(2):69-71
Sierotzki H,Frey R,Wullschleger J,Palermo S,Karlin S,Godwin J,Gisi U.2007.Cytochrome b gene sequence and structure of Pyrenophora teres and P.tritici-repentis and implications for Qo I resistance.Pest Management Science,63(3):225-233
Urban J,Lebeda A.2007.Variation for fungicide resistance in Czech populations of Pseudoperonospora cubensis.Journal of Phytopathology,155(3):143-151
Wang WQ,Liu GR,Yan LE,Zhang XF,Ma ZQ,Han XY.1996.Monitoring of resistance to three fungicides in downy mildews on cucumber and grape.Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,19(S):127-131(in Chinese)[王文桥,刘国容,严乐恩,张小风,马志强,韩秀英.1996.黄瓜和葡萄霜霉病菌的抗药性监测.南京农业大学学报,19(S):127-131]
Yuan SK,Liu XL,Si NG,Dong J,Gu BG,Jiang H.2006.Sensitivity of Phytophthora infestans to flumorph:in vitro determination of baseline sensitivity and the risk of resistance.Plant Pathology,55(2):258-263
Zhao XJ,Ren L,Yin H,Zhou JB,Han JC,Luo Y.2013.Sensitivity of Pseudoperonospora cubensis to dimethomorph,metalaxyl and fosetyl-aluminium in Shanxi of China.Crop Protection,43:38-44
Cohen Y,Samoucha Y.1984.Cross-resistance to four systemic fungicides in metalaxyl-resistance strains of Phytophthora infestans and Pseudoperonspora cubensis.Plant Disease,68(2):137-139
Cui JM,Yang XJ,Zhao JJ,Wang WQ,Meng RJ,Yan L,Han XY,Ma ZQ,Zhang JL,Zhang XF.2013.Studies on baseline sensitivity to mandipropamid and biological characteristics of resistant mutants of Pseudoperonospora cubensis.Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,15(5):496-503(in Chinese)[崔继敏,杨晓津,赵建江,王文桥,孟润杰,闫磊,韩秀英,马志强,张金林,张小风.2013.黄瓜霜霉病菌对双炔酰菌胺的敏感基线及其抗性突变体生物学性状研究.农药学学报,15(5):496-503]
Davidse LC,Danial DL,van Westen CJ.1983.Resistance to metalaxyl in Phytophthora infestans in the Netherlands.Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology,89(1):1-20
Diriw?chter G,Sozzi D,Ney C,Staub T.1987.Cross-resistance in Phytophthora infestans and Plasmopara viticola against different phenylamides and unrelated fungicides.Crop Protection,6(4):250-255
Estep LK,Zala M,Anderson NP,Sackett KE,Flowers M,Mc Donald BA,Mundt CC.2013.First report of resistance to Qo I fungicides in North American populations of Zymoseptoria tritici,causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch of wheat.Plant Disease,97(11):1511
Gisi U,Sierotzki H.2008.Fungicide modes of action and resistance in downy mildews.European Journal of Plant Pathology,122(1):157-167
Han XY,Ma ZQ,Li HX,Wang WQ,Kang LJ,Zhang XF.2004.Study on the sensitivity baseline of Pseudoperonospora cubensisto to the strobilurin fungicide azoxystrobin.Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,6(2):76-79(in Chinese)[韩秀英,马志强,李红霞,王文桥,康丽娟,张小风.2004.黄瓜霜霉病菌对嘧菌酯的敏感基线研究.农药学学报,6(2):76-79]
Ishii H,Fraaije BA,Sugiyama T,Noguchi K,Nishimura K,Takeda T,Amano T,Hollomon DW.2001.Occurrence and molecular characterization of strobilurin resistance in cucumber powdery mildew and downy mildew.Phytopathology,91(12):1166-1171
Jia JC,Ma L,Fan ZJ,Xia Q,Liu XF.2008.Progress on study of resistance mechanism of strobilurin fungicides.Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,10(1):1-9(in Chinese)[贾俊超,马琳,范志金,夏倩,刘秀峰.2008.病原菌对Strobilurin类杀菌剂抗药性机理的研究进展.农药学学报,10(1):1-9]
Kang LJ,Han XY,Ma ZQ.2004.Toxicity and field control efficacy of azoxystrobin to three kinds of vegetable diseases as well as its safety to vegetables.Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,6(1):85-88(in Chinese)[康丽娟,韩秀英,马志强.2004.嘧菌酯对三种蔬菜病害的毒力、防效及安全性研究.农药学学报,6(1):85-88]
Keith J,Brent KJ,Hollomon DW.2007.Fungicide resistance:the assessment of risk.//FRAC Monograph No.2(second,revised edition).Brussels:Fungicide Resistance Action Committee,pp.1-52
Kim YS,Dixon EW,Vincelli P,Farman ML.2003.Field resistance to strobilurin(Qo I)fungicides in Pyricularia grisea caused by mutations in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene.Phytopathology,93(7):891-900
Lebeda A,Cohen Y.2010.Cucurbit downy mildew(Pseudoperonospora cubensis):biology,ecology,epidemiology,host-pathogen interaction and control.European Journal of Plant Pathology,129(2):157-192
Liu XY.2004.Baseline sensitivity of Pseudoperonospora cubensis and Alternaria solania to azoxystrobin and resistance risk assessment.Master Thesis.Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University(in Chinese)[刘晓宇.2004.黄瓜霜霉病菌和番茄早疫病菌对嘧菌酯的敏感性基线及抗药性风险评估.硕士学位论文.南京:南京农业大学]
Ma HJ,Wang WQ.2010.Occurrence of fungicide resistance and chemical control of cucumber downy mildew.Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences,14(8):36-41,55(in Chinese)[马辉杰,王文桥.2010.黄瓜霜霉病抗药性的发生及化学防治.河北农业科学,14(8):36-41,55]
Reuveni M,Eyal H,Cohen Y.1980.Development of resistance to metalaxyl in Pseudoperonospora cubensis.Plant Disease,64(12):1108-1109
Savory EA,Granke LL,Quesada-Ocampo LM,Varbanova M,Hausbeck MK,Day B.2011.The cucurbit downy mildew pathogen Pseudoperonospora cubensis.Molecular Plant Pathology,12(3):217-226
Schwinn F,Sozzi D.1982.Recommended methods for the detection and measurement of resistance of plant pathogens to fungicides:method for fungicide resistance in late blight of potato-FAOmethod No.30.Plant Protection Bulletin,30(2):69-71
Sierotzki H,Frey R,Wullschleger J,Palermo S,Karlin S,Godwin J,Gisi U.2007.Cytochrome b gene sequence and structure of Pyrenophora teres and P.tritici-repentis and implications for Qo I resistance.Pest Management Science,63(3):225-233
Urban J,Lebeda A.2007.Variation for fungicide resistance in Czech populations of Pseudoperonospora cubensis.Journal of Phytopathology,155(3):143-151
Wang WQ,Liu GR,Yan LE,Zhang XF,Ma ZQ,Han XY.1996.Monitoring of resistance to three fungicides in downy mildews on cucumber and grape.Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,19(S):127-131(in Chinese)[王文桥,刘国容,严乐恩,张小风,马志强,韩秀英.1996.黄瓜和葡萄霜霉病菌的抗药性监测.南京农业大学学报,19(S):127-131]
Yuan SK,Liu XL,Si NG,Dong J,Gu BG,Jiang H.2006.Sensitivity of Phytophthora infestans to flumorph:in vitro determination of baseline sensitivity and the risk of resistance.Plant Pathology,55(2):258-263
Zhao XJ,Ren L,Yin H,Zhou JB,Han JC,Luo Y.2013.Sensitivity of Pseudoperonospora cubensis to dimethomorph,metalaxyl and fosetyl-aluminium in Shanxi of China.Crop Protection,43:38-44