黄瓜霜霉菌对霜脲氰抗药性的研究
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摘要
为明确黄瓜霜霉菌对霜脲氰的敏感性及是否存在抗药性,采用叶盘漂浮法测定了2012—2016年采自广东、湖北、江苏、山东、北京和东北三省8个省市的13个黄瓜主产区的69个黄瓜霜霉菌株对霜脲氰的敏感性和抗性水平。结果表明,霜脲氰对黄瓜霜霉菌的EC50值为0.006 8～0.134 1μg/mL,平均EC50值0.062 4μg/mL,病原菌对霜脲氰的敏感性呈单峰曲线,近似正态分布,敏感性下降的亚群体并未出现,平均EC50(0.062 4μg/mL)可以作为黄瓜霜霉菌对霜脲氰的敏感性基线。69个菌株中,有16个低抗菌株,占总菌株数的23.19%;53个敏感菌株,占76.81%,为优势群体;无中抗和高抗菌株的出现。黄瓜霜霉菌对霜脲氰的抗性水平范围为0.11～2.15倍,平均抗性水平为1.00倍。说明霜脲氰对黄瓜霜霉菌表现出非常强的抑制作用。
In order to clarify the sensitivity and resistance of Pseudoperonospora cubensis to cymoxanil in China,69 isolates collected from Guangdong,Hubei,Jiangsu,Shandong,Beijing,Liaoning,Jilin and Heilongji?ang in 2012 to 2016 were tested by using the leaf disc floating method.The results showed that the EC50 values to cymoxanil were 0.006 8-0.134 1 μg/mL and the average EC50 value was 0.061 5 μg/mL.The sensitivity of P.cubensis to cymoxanil was single?peak curve close to the normal distribution and no isolates with dereased sensi?tivity were found.The average EC50 value(0.062 4 μg/mL)could be used as the baseline for P. cubensis sensitiv?ity to cymoxanil.Among the 69 isolates,16 were low?resistant,accounting for 23.19% of the total strains;53 were sensitive,accounting for 76.81%,which were dominant populations;and no medium?resistant and high?re?sistant isolates were found.The resistance of P. cubensis to cymoxanil ranged from 0.11 to 2.15 times,and the av?erage resistant level was 1.00 times.Cymoxanil showed strong toxicity to P. cubensis.
In order to clarify the sensitivity and resistance of Pseudoperonospora cubensis to cymoxanil in China,69 isolates collected from Guangdong,Hubei,Jiangsu,Shandong,Beijing,Liaoning,Jilin and Heilongji?ang in 2012 to 2016 were tested by using the leaf disc floating method.The results showed that the EC50 values to cymoxanil were 0.006 8-0.134 1 μg/mL and the average EC50 value was 0.061 5 μg/mL.The sensitivity of P.cubensis to cymoxanil was single?peak curve close to the normal distribution and no isolates with dereased sensi?tivity were found.The average EC50 value(0.062 4 μg/mL)could be used as the baseline for P. cubensis sensitiv?ity to cymoxanil.Among the 69 isolates,16 were low?resistant,accounting for 23.19% of the total strains;53 were sensitive,accounting for 76.81%,which were dominant populations;and no medium?resistant and high?re?sistant isolates were found.The resistance of P. cubensis to cymoxanil ranged from 0.11 to 2.15 times,and the av?erage resistant level was 1.00 times.Cymoxanil showed strong toxicity to P. cubensis.
引文
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[21]FAO.Method for fungicide resistance in late blight of potato-FAO method No.30[J].Plant Protection Bulletin,1982,30:69-71.
[22]张艳菊,王莹,党悦嘉,柴洪庆.黄瓜霜霉菌对嘧菌酯抗药性的研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2015,46(4):23-28.Zhang Y,Wang Y,Dang Y,et al.Study on fungicide resistance of Pseudoperonospora cubensis to azoxystrobin[J].Journal ofNortheast Agricultural University,2015,46(4):23-28.
[23]Birchmore R J,Williams R J,Russell P E.A baseline for the sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea to pyrimethanil[J].1996,1/2/3(1996):713-718.
[2]Gisi U,Sierotzki H.Fungicide modes of action and resistance in downy mildews[J].European Journal of Plant Pathology,2008,122(1):157-167.
[3]Savory E A,Granke L L,Quesadaocampo L M,et al.The cucurbit downy mildew pathogen Pseudoperonospora cubensis[J].Molecular Plant Pathology,2011,12(3):217-226.
[4]Urban J,Lebeda A.Fungicide resistance in cucurbit downy mildew-methodological,biological and population aspects[J].Annals of Applied Biology,2010,149(1):63-75.
[5]PavelkováJ,Lebeda A,SedlákováB. Efficacy of fosetyl-Al,propamocarb,dimethomorph,cymoxanil,metalaxyl andmetalaxyl-M in Czech Pseudoperonospora cubensis,populations during the years 2005 through 2010[J].Crop Protection,2014,60(6):9-19.
[6]Viranyi F,Spring O.Advance in sunflower downy mildew research[J].European Journal of Plant Pathology,2011,129(2):207-220.
[7]FRAC.FRAC list of plant pathogenic organisms resistant to disease control agents.Fungicide resistance action committee,crop life international[EB/OL].(2006-12-10)[2018-05-05].http://www.frac.info.
[8]Gisi U.Chemical control of downy mildews[M].Advances in Downy Mildew Research.Springer Netherlands,2002:119-159.
[9]Urban J,Lebeda A.Variation of fungicide resistance in czech populations of Pseudoperonospora cubensis[J].Journal ofPhytopathology,2010,155(3):143-151.
[10]Zhu S,Liu P,Liu X,et al.Assessing the risk of resistance in Pseudoperonospora cubensis,to the fungicide flumorph in vitro[J].Pest Management Science,2010,64(3):255-261.
[11]Okada K,Furkawa M.SI3 occurrence and countermeasure of fungicide-resistance pathogens on vegetable field of OsakaPrefecture[J].Journal of Pesticide Science,2013,33(3):326-329.
[12]Mcgrath M T.Fungicide resistance in cucurbit powdery mildew:experiences and challenges[J].Plant Disease,2001,85(3):236-245.
[13]Colucci S J,Holmes G J.Fungicide insensitivity and pathotype determination of Pseudoperonospora cubensis,causal agent ofcucurbit downy mildew[J].Phytopathology,2007,97(7):24-24.
[14]Lebeda A,Urban J,Mcconchie R,et al.Temporal changes in pathogenicity and fungicide resistance in Pseudoperonosporacubensis populations[J].Acta Horticulturae,2007,731(731):327-336.
[15]Moss M A.Resistance to metalaxyl in the Pseudoperonospora cubensis population causing downy mildew of cucumber inSouth Florida[J].Plant Disease,1987,71(11).
[16]Ziogasa B N,Davidseb L C.Studies on the mechanism of action of cymoxanil in Phytophthora infestans[J].PesticideBiochemistry&Physiology,1987,29(2):89-96.
[17]Sujkowsi L S,Fry B A,Power R J,et al.Sensitivities of Mexican isolates of Phytophthora infestans to chlorothalonil,cymoxanil,and metalaxyl[J].Plant Disease,1995,79(11):1117.
[18]袁善奎,赵志华,刘西莉,等.马铃薯晚疫病菌对甲霜灵和霜脲氰的敏感性检测[J].农药学学报,2005,7(3):237-241.Yuan S K,Zhao Z H,Liu X L,et al.Detection on the Sensitivity of Potato Phytophthora infestans to Metalaxyl and Cymoxanil[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2005,7(3):237-241.
[19]Pavelkova J.Temporal population dynamics of Pseudoperonospora cubensis[D].Olomouc:Palacky University,2012.
[20]Genet J L,Vincent O.Sensitivity of European Plasmopara viticola populations to cymoxanil[J].Pest Management Science,2015,55(2):129-136.
[21]FAO.Method for fungicide resistance in late blight of potato-FAO method No.30[J].Plant Protection Bulletin,1982,30:69-71.
[22]张艳菊,王莹,党悦嘉,柴洪庆.黄瓜霜霉菌对嘧菌酯抗药性的研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2015,46(4):23-28.Zhang Y,Wang Y,Dang Y,et al.Study on fungicide resistance of Pseudoperonospora cubensis to azoxystrobin[J].Journal ofNortheast Agricultural University,2015,46(4):23-28.
[23]Birchmore R J,Williams R J,Russell P E.A baseline for the sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea to pyrimethanil[J].1996,1/2/3(1996):713-718.