广西‘巨峰’葡萄春果栽培管理技术
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摘要
春果栽培是将葡萄成熟期调整到春季的一种生产模式,即将夏季枝条上的果穗全部去除,只进行营养生长,到10月时进行第二次修剪,逼迫冬芽萌发并利用当季新梢结果。本文以‘巨峰’葡萄为例,从修剪、枝梢管理、疏花果、光温湿调控、肥水管理及病虫害防控等方面对广西南部地区大棚春果栽培管理技术进行初步总结。由于春果葡萄的生长期正处于冬、春季,光照不足和温度低是其主要制约因素,在实际生产中,可通过更换大棚新膜、铺设反光膜、架设照明灯等来改善光照不足的问题,通过覆盖保温材料来解决温度低问题。
Spring fruit cultivation is a production mode that adjusts the mature period of grapes to spring. That is to say, all the clusters of shoots were removed and only vegetative growth was performed in the summer, the second pruning was carried out in October to force the winter buds to germinate and utilize the new shoots to get fruit. 'Kyoho' variety as an example in this paper, the cultivation and management techniques of spring fruit were summarized in the south of Guangxi from the aspects of pruning, the training of branches, the thinning of flowers and fruits, the regulation of light, temperature and humidity, fertilizer and water management and pest control and so on. Since the growing period of spring fruit was in winter and spring, insufficient light and low temperature were the main limiting factors. Therefore, in actual production, the problem of insufficient light could be improved by replacing the new film in the greenhouse, laying the reflective film and setting up the lighting lamp. The low temperature problem could be solved by covering the heat insulating material.
Spring fruit cultivation is a production mode that adjusts the mature period of grapes to spring. That is to say, all the clusters of shoots were removed and only vegetative growth was performed in the summer, the second pruning was carried out in October to force the winter buds to germinate and utilize the new shoots to get fruit. 'Kyoho' variety as an example in this paper, the cultivation and management techniques of spring fruit were summarized in the south of Guangxi from the aspects of pruning, the training of branches, the thinning of flowers and fruits, the regulation of light, temperature and humidity, fertilizer and water management and pest control and so on. Since the growing period of spring fruit was in winter and spring, insufficient light and low temperature were the main limiting factors. Therefore, in actual production, the problem of insufficient light could be improved by replacing the new film in the greenhouse, laying the reflective film and setting up the lighting lamp. The low temperature problem could be solved by covering the heat insulating material.
引文
[1]白先进,李杨瑞,谢太理,等.广西一年两熟葡萄栽培的气候基础[J].广西农学报,2008,23(1):1-4.
[2]白先进,王举兵,陈爱军.广西葡萄产业发展的思考[J].广西农学报,2010,25(1):29-32.
[3]刘凤之,段长青.葡萄生产配套栽培技术手册[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2013:141,299-301.
[4]成果,陈国品,郭荣荣,等.补光处理对巨峰葡萄春果花色苷组分的影响[J].南方园艺,2017,28(5):1-8.
[5]曹婷,朱明,丁莎莎,等.白罗莎里奥葡萄设施延后栽培管理技术[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(9):196-199.
[6]黄秋凤,陈国品,谢蜀豫,等.巨峰葡萄一年两收栽培肥水管理要点[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2017(6):48-50.
[7]白先进,李杨瑞,黄江流,等.广西南部巨峰葡萄一年两收栽培模式研究[J].西南农业学报,2008,21(4):953-955.
[8]陆琨.大新县一年两熟葡萄种植业调查研究[D].广西大学,2015.
[9]贺普超.葡萄学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1999:117.
[2]白先进,王举兵,陈爱军.广西葡萄产业发展的思考[J].广西农学报,2010,25(1):29-32.
[3]刘凤之,段长青.葡萄生产配套栽培技术手册[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2013:141,299-301.
[4]成果,陈国品,郭荣荣,等.补光处理对巨峰葡萄春果花色苷组分的影响[J].南方园艺,2017,28(5):1-8.
[5]曹婷,朱明,丁莎莎,等.白罗莎里奥葡萄设施延后栽培管理技术[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(9):196-199.
[6]黄秋凤,陈国品,谢蜀豫,等.巨峰葡萄一年两收栽培肥水管理要点[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2017(6):48-50.
[7]白先进,李杨瑞,黄江流,等.广西南部巨峰葡萄一年两收栽培模式研究[J].西南农业学报,2008,21(4):953-955.
[8]陆琨.大新县一年两熟葡萄种植业调查研究[D].广西大学,2015.
[9]贺普超.葡萄学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1999:117.