中国互联网创业的集聚特征与区位因素初探
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摘要
在"互联网+"战略推动下的,互联网创业日益成为中国经济转型的焦点问题,其空间态势对中国"新经济"格局产生深远影响。以2000-2014年间中国互联网创业公司为研究对象,采用变异系数、空间基尼系数和负二项回归等方法探讨中国互联网创业的空间集聚和区位选择。研究发现:总体上,近十几年互联网创业快速兴起伴随着显著的区域差异;空间结构方面,从先发优势、产业地方化等方面解释中国互联网创业空间集聚的多极化趋势,同时在技术与市场共同作用下产生了不同类型行业的互联网创业公司集聚水平差异,技术性强的互联网创业公司趋向于集聚,而市场性强的互联网创业公司趋向于分散;从区位选择看,负二项回归模型的模拟结果表明互联网创业公司空间区位与风险资本、专业人才、服务业经济水平等方面要素密切相关。
The paper takes Internet start-up companies in China from 2000 to 2014 as the research object,the spatial evolution process of Internet entrepreneurial activities was analyzed by the methods of coefficient of variation,Spatial Gini coefficient and clustering analysis.The results show that:firstly,there are significant regional differences in the rapid development of Internet industry;secondly,the Internet entrepreneurial center-edge spatial pattern are formed;finally,the Internet entrepreneurial activities aggregate differently under the interaction of technology and market.Indeed,the Internet technology to some extent,weakened the spatial constraints of industrial activities,and even built a"spaceless"of the Internet market,but the results of spatio-temporal evolution of China's Internet entrepreneurial activities show the evolution of Internet entrepreneurial activity with geographical embeddedness.
The paper takes Internet start-up companies in China from 2000 to 2014 as the research object,the spatial evolution process of Internet entrepreneurial activities was analyzed by the methods of coefficient of variation,Spatial Gini coefficient and clustering analysis.The results show that:firstly,there are significant regional differences in the rapid development of Internet industry;secondly,the Internet entrepreneurial center-edge spatial pattern are formed;finally,the Internet entrepreneurial activities aggregate differently under the interaction of technology and market.Indeed,the Internet technology to some extent,weakened the spatial constraints of industrial activities,and even built a"spaceless"of the Internet market,but the results of spatio-temporal evolution of China's Internet entrepreneurial activities show the evolution of Internet entrepreneurial activity with geographical embeddedness.
引文
[1]Nijkamp P.Entrepreneurship in a modern network economy[J].Regional Studies,2003,37(4):395-405.
[2]Zhang J.China's dynamic industrial sector:The internet industry[J].Eurasian Geography&Economics,2008,49(5):549-568.
[3]辜胜阻,曹冬梅,李睿.让“互联网+”行动计划引领新一轮创业浪潮[J].科学学研究,2016,(2):161-165,278.
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[7]Sternberg R,Litzenberger T.Regional clusters in Germany-their geography and their relevance for entrepreneurial activities[J].European Planning Studies,2004,12(6):767-791.
[8]Rosenthal S,Strange W.The geography of entrepreneurship in the New York metropolitan area[J].Economic Policy Review,2005,(12):29-53.
[9]Grant R.Gendered spaces of informal entrepreneurship in Soweto,South Africa[J].Urban Geography,2013,34(1):86-108.
[10]Saxenian A L.Inside-out:Regional networks and industrial adaptation in Silicon Valley and Route 128[J].Cityscape,1996,2(2):41-60.
[11]Qian H,Haynes K E,Riggle J D.Incubation push or business pull?Investigating the geography of US business incubators[J].Economic Development Quarterly,2011,25(1):79-90.
[12]Zacharakis A L,Shepherd D A,Coombs J E.The development of venture-capital-backed internet companies:An ecosystem perspective[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2003,18(2):217-231.
[13]Bosma N,Sternberg R.Entrepreneurship as an urban event?Empirical evidence from European cities[J].Regional Studies,2014,48(6):1016-1033.
[14]Qian H,Acs Z J,Stough R R.Regional systems of entrepreneurship:The nexus of human capital,knowledge and new firm formation[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2013,13(4):559-587.
[15]Zhang J.Related variety,global connectivity and institutional embeddedness:Internet development in Beijing and Shanghai compared[J].Regional Studies,2013,47(7):1065-1081.
[16]符文颖.地方创业与集群转型:一个理论整合的视角[J].地理科学,2016,36(5):715-723.
[17]庄晋财,敖晓红.创业活动空间选择环境影响因素的实证研究---基于新经济地理学的视角[J].改革与战略,2016,(3):116-121.
[18]李燃,王立平,刘琴琴.地理距离与经济距离对创业知识溢出影响的实证分析[J].科技进步与对策,2012,(10):113-118.
[19]高建,石书德.中国转型经济背景下创业地区差异的决定因素研究[J].科学学研究,2009,(7):1011-1019.
[20]Zook M.The Geography of the Internet Industry(The Information Age)[M].Cambridge:Blackwell Publishers,2005:112-116.
[21]Vogelsang I,Compaine B.The Death of Cities?The Death of Distance?Evidence from the Geography of Commercial Internet Usage[C].the Cities in the Global Information Society:An International Perspective,Newcastle upon Tyne,2000:73-97.
[22]Boschma R A,Frenken K.Why is economic geography not an evolutionary science?Towards an evolutionary economic geography[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2006,6(3):273-302.
[23]Martin R,Sunley P.Path dependence and regional economic evolution[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2006,6(4):395-437.
[24]宋周莺,刘卫东.信息时代的企业区位研究[J].地理学报,2012,67(4):479-489.
[25]Zhen F,Wang B,Wei Z.The rise of the internet city in China:Production and consumption of internet information[J].Urban Studies,2015,52(13):2313-2329.
(1)https://itjuzi.com/aboutus。
(2)http://www.iresearch.com.cn/report/reportlist.aspx。
[2]Zhang J.China's dynamic industrial sector:The internet industry[J].Eurasian Geography&Economics,2008,49(5):549-568.
[3]辜胜阻,曹冬梅,李睿.让“互联网+”行动计划引领新一轮创业浪潮[J].科学学研究,2016,(2):161-165,278.
[4]Schumpeter J A.Capitalism,Socialism and Democracy[M].New York:Harper&Row,1942:55-57.
[5]Stam E.Entrepreneurship,evolution and geography[R].Papers on Economics and Evolution,2009.
[6]Yeung H W.Transnationalizing entrepreneurship:Acritical agenda for economic geography[J].Progress in Human Geography,2009,33(2):210-235.
[7]Sternberg R,Litzenberger T.Regional clusters in Germany-their geography and their relevance for entrepreneurial activities[J].European Planning Studies,2004,12(6):767-791.
[8]Rosenthal S,Strange W.The geography of entrepreneurship in the New York metropolitan area[J].Economic Policy Review,2005,(12):29-53.
[9]Grant R.Gendered spaces of informal entrepreneurship in Soweto,South Africa[J].Urban Geography,2013,34(1):86-108.
[10]Saxenian A L.Inside-out:Regional networks and industrial adaptation in Silicon Valley and Route 128[J].Cityscape,1996,2(2):41-60.
[11]Qian H,Haynes K E,Riggle J D.Incubation push or business pull?Investigating the geography of US business incubators[J].Economic Development Quarterly,2011,25(1):79-90.
[12]Zacharakis A L,Shepherd D A,Coombs J E.The development of venture-capital-backed internet companies:An ecosystem perspective[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2003,18(2):217-231.
[13]Bosma N,Sternberg R.Entrepreneurship as an urban event?Empirical evidence from European cities[J].Regional Studies,2014,48(6):1016-1033.
[14]Qian H,Acs Z J,Stough R R.Regional systems of entrepreneurship:The nexus of human capital,knowledge and new firm formation[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2013,13(4):559-587.
[15]Zhang J.Related variety,global connectivity and institutional embeddedness:Internet development in Beijing and Shanghai compared[J].Regional Studies,2013,47(7):1065-1081.
[16]符文颖.地方创业与集群转型:一个理论整合的视角[J].地理科学,2016,36(5):715-723.
[17]庄晋财,敖晓红.创业活动空间选择环境影响因素的实证研究---基于新经济地理学的视角[J].改革与战略,2016,(3):116-121.
[18]李燃,王立平,刘琴琴.地理距离与经济距离对创业知识溢出影响的实证分析[J].科技进步与对策,2012,(10):113-118.
[19]高建,石书德.中国转型经济背景下创业地区差异的决定因素研究[J].科学学研究,2009,(7):1011-1019.
[20]Zook M.The Geography of the Internet Industry(The Information Age)[M].Cambridge:Blackwell Publishers,2005:112-116.
[21]Vogelsang I,Compaine B.The Death of Cities?The Death of Distance?Evidence from the Geography of Commercial Internet Usage[C].the Cities in the Global Information Society:An International Perspective,Newcastle upon Tyne,2000:73-97.
[22]Boschma R A,Frenken K.Why is economic geography not an evolutionary science?Towards an evolutionary economic geography[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2006,6(3):273-302.
[23]Martin R,Sunley P.Path dependence and regional economic evolution[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2006,6(4):395-437.
[24]宋周莺,刘卫东.信息时代的企业区位研究[J].地理学报,2012,67(4):479-489.
[25]Zhen F,Wang B,Wei Z.The rise of the internet city in China:Production and consumption of internet information[J].Urban Studies,2015,52(13):2313-2329.
(1)https://itjuzi.com/aboutus。
(2)http://www.iresearch.com.cn/report/reportlist.aspx。