肋柱花花粉形态及授粉特性
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摘要
本研究通过对肋柱花花朵性状、花粉形态、花粉活力、柱头可授性及花粉管在雌蕊组织中生长进行观察和测定,并对不同授粉方式的坐果情况进行调查,以期为肋柱花栽培及杂交育种提供依据。结果表明,肋柱花花粉粒为圆形或近圆形,具有1～3个萌发孔;花粉活力和柱头可授性均在花朵开放第2～第3天最强;授粉后6 h大量花粉管在柱头表面萌发,48 h花粉管进入子房,但柱头上有块状胼胝质存在,阻碍了花粉管生长;去雄、不授粉处理下,坐果率为0,说明肋柱花需要传粉者的授粉才能完成受精过程。本研究为肋柱花引种栽培、野生资源保护及育种工作提供参考。
In this study, we observed and measured flower traits, pollen morphology, pollen viability, stigma receptivity, and pollen tube growth in pistil tissues, and investigated the fruit setting of different pollination methods, in order to provide basis for cultivation and cross breeding of Lomatogonium rotatum. The results showed that the pollen grains of the Lomatogonium rotatum were round or nearly round, with 1 to 3 germination holes;pollen viability and stigma receptivity were strongest after flowering at 2 th～3 rdday; after pollinated 6 h, a large number of pollen tubes germination on the surface of the stigma, for 48 h pollen tubes entered the ovary, but there were massive callose on the stigma, which hindered the pollen tube growth; With the treatment of emasculation and no pollination, the fruit setting rate was 0, which indicated that Lomatogonium rotatum need to be pollinated by pollinators to complete the fertilization process. This study might provide a reference for Lomatogonium rotatum introduction and cultivation, wildlife conservation and breeding.
In this study, we observed and measured flower traits, pollen morphology, pollen viability, stigma receptivity, and pollen tube growth in pistil tissues, and investigated the fruit setting of different pollination methods, in order to provide basis for cultivation and cross breeding of Lomatogonium rotatum. The results showed that the pollen grains of the Lomatogonium rotatum were round or nearly round, with 1 to 3 germination holes;pollen viability and stigma receptivity were strongest after flowering at 2 th～3 rdday; after pollinated 6 h, a large number of pollen tubes germination on the surface of the stigma, for 48 h pollen tubes entered the ovary, but there were massive callose on the stigma, which hindered the pollen tube growth; With the treatment of emasculation and no pollination, the fruit setting rate was 0, which indicated that Lomatogonium rotatum need to be pollinated by pollinators to complete the fertilization process. This study might provide a reference for Lomatogonium rotatum introduction and cultivation, wildlife conservation and breeding.
引文
Bai C.L.,Bagenna,and Wang X.L.,2002,Identification of Mongolian medicinal material Herba lomatognii,Zhongguo Minzu YiyaoMinjian Zazhi(Chinese Journal of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacy),(4):236-237(白翠兰,巴根那,王秀兰,2002,蒙药肋柱花的鉴别研究,中国民族民间医药杂志,(4):236-237)
Bao M.L.,Tong Y.F.,Bagenna,Bai M.R.,and Ye R.G.,2016,Analysis of Lomatogonium carinthiacum the frame column on D-GlaN to acute liver injury in rats serum transitional components by LC-MSDTrap,Zhongguo Minzu Yiyao Zazhi(Journal of Medicine&Pharmacy of Chinese Minorities),(4):67-70(包明兰,佟玉风,巴根那,白梅荣,叶日贵,2016,蒙药肋柱花在D-GlaN致急性肝损伤大鼠血清中移行成分的LC-MSDTrap分析,中国民族医药杂志,(4):67-70)
Chen J.,Wang X.,Xu R.,Yu J.,and Liu T.N.,2011,Preliminary study on characteristics of in situ pollen germination and self-incompatibility of Cistanche deserticola,Zhongguo Yaoxue Zazhi(Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal),46(14):1066-1069(陈君,王霞,徐荣,于晶,刘同宁,2011,肉苁蓉花粉原位萌发与自交不亲和性初步研究,中国药学杂志,46(14):1066-1069)
Erdtman G.,ed.,Wang F.X.,and Qian N.F.,trans.,1962,Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy,Science Press,Beijing,C-hina,pp.1-15(埃尔特曼G.,主编,王伏雄,钱南芬,主译,1962,花粉形态与植物分类,科学出版社,中国,北京,pp.1-15)
He D.,Xie M.J.,LüB.Y.,Wang Z.,Liu Y.P.,and He S.L.,2017,Analysis of pollination affinity performance and its physiological mechanism in Paeonia suffruticosa and Paeonia lactiflora,Xibei Nonglin Keji Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)),45(10):129-136(贺丹,解梦珺,吕博雅,王政,刘艺平,何松林,2017,牡丹与芍药的授粉亲和性表现及其生理机制分析,西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),45(10):129-136)
Hou Q.Z.,Duan Y.W.,Si Q.W.,and Yang H.L.,2009,Pollination ecology of Gentiana lawrencei var.Farreri,a late flowering Qinghai-Tibet plateau species,Zhiwu Shengtai Xuebao(Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology),33(6):1156-1164(侯勤正,段元文,司庆文,杨慧玲,2009,青藏高原晚期开花植物线叶龙胆的传粉生态学,植物生态学报,33(6):1156-1164)
Li S.L.,Shi L.,and Zhang J.Z.,2006,Pollen tube behavior following pollination between Cardiocrinum giganteum and Lilium,Yuanyi Xuebao(Acta Horticulturae Sinica),33(6):1259-1262(李守丽,石雷,张金政,2006,大百合与百合属间授粉后花粉管生长发育的观察,园艺学报,33(6):1259-1262)
Li X.X.,Yang H.S.,Bagenna,Bao J.H.,and Sun D.Z.,2017,Seed germination condition of Mongolia medicine plant Lomatogonium rotatum,Nongxue Xuebao(Journal of Agricultural),7(9):48-51(李旭新,杨恒山,巴根那,包金花,孙德智,2017b,蒙药植物肋柱花种子萌发条件研究,农学学报,7(9):48-51)
Liu T.,Gao Y.H.,Ge C.J.,Yan C.H.,Liang Y.Q.,and Li X.,2016,Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of total flavonoids from Lomatogonium rotatum by response surface analysis,Beijing Zhongyiyao Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine),39(6):502-507(刘婷,高优恒,葛春娟,鄢长华,梁耀求,李骁,2016,响应面法优化蒙药肋柱花总黄酮超声提取工艺,北京中医药大学学报,39(6):502-507)
Wang X.M.,Bagenna,and Bai M.G.,2007,Determination of swertiamain content in Herba Lomatogonii by HPLC,Neimenggu Minzu Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities(Natural Sciences)),22(3):320-322(王秀梅,巴根那,白明纲,2007,高效液相色谱法测定肋柱花中獐牙菜苦苷的含量,内蒙古民族大学学报(自然科学版),22(3):320-322)
Wang Z.W.,Long P.,Zhang C.H.,Wu G.D.,Zhang N.,and Li M.H.,2013,Determination of swertiamain and swertisin in H-erba Lomalogonium rotatum by HPLC,Zhongguo Shiyan F-angjixue Zazhi(Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae),19(10):106-108(王振旺,龙平,张春红,邬国栋,张娜,李旻辉,2013,HPLC测定肋柱花中獐牙菜苦苷和当药黄素的含量,中国实验方剂学杂志,19(10):106-108)
Zhang C.H.,Chen S.Y.L.,Zhang N.,Long P.,Li Z.H.,Zhu H.,Wang Z.W.,and Li M.H.,2013,Research progress of Mongolian medicine Digeda,Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi(China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica),38(24):4362-4368(张春红,陈苏依勒,张娜,龙平,李振华,朱虹,王振旺,李旻辉,2013,“地格达类”蒙药研究进展,中国中药杂志,38(24):4362-4368)
Bao M.L.,Tong Y.F.,Bagenna,Bai M.R.,and Ye R.G.,2016,Analysis of Lomatogonium carinthiacum the frame column on D-GlaN to acute liver injury in rats serum transitional components by LC-MSDTrap,Zhongguo Minzu Yiyao Zazhi(Journal of Medicine&Pharmacy of Chinese Minorities),(4):67-70(包明兰,佟玉风,巴根那,白梅荣,叶日贵,2016,蒙药肋柱花在D-GlaN致急性肝损伤大鼠血清中移行成分的LC-MSDTrap分析,中国民族医药杂志,(4):67-70)
Chen J.,Wang X.,Xu R.,Yu J.,and Liu T.N.,2011,Preliminary study on characteristics of in situ pollen germination and self-incompatibility of Cistanche deserticola,Zhongguo Yaoxue Zazhi(Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal),46(14):1066-1069(陈君,王霞,徐荣,于晶,刘同宁,2011,肉苁蓉花粉原位萌发与自交不亲和性初步研究,中国药学杂志,46(14):1066-1069)
Erdtman G.,ed.,Wang F.X.,and Qian N.F.,trans.,1962,Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy,Science Press,Beijing,C-hina,pp.1-15(埃尔特曼G.,主编,王伏雄,钱南芬,主译,1962,花粉形态与植物分类,科学出版社,中国,北京,pp.1-15)
He D.,Xie M.J.,LüB.Y.,Wang Z.,Liu Y.P.,and He S.L.,2017,Analysis of pollination affinity performance and its physiological mechanism in Paeonia suffruticosa and Paeonia lactiflora,Xibei Nonglin Keji Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)),45(10):129-136(贺丹,解梦珺,吕博雅,王政,刘艺平,何松林,2017,牡丹与芍药的授粉亲和性表现及其生理机制分析,西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),45(10):129-136)
Hou Q.Z.,Duan Y.W.,Si Q.W.,and Yang H.L.,2009,Pollination ecology of Gentiana lawrencei var.Farreri,a late flowering Qinghai-Tibet plateau species,Zhiwu Shengtai Xuebao(Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology),33(6):1156-1164(侯勤正,段元文,司庆文,杨慧玲,2009,青藏高原晚期开花植物线叶龙胆的传粉生态学,植物生态学报,33(6):1156-1164)
Li S.L.,Shi L.,and Zhang J.Z.,2006,Pollen tube behavior following pollination between Cardiocrinum giganteum and Lilium,Yuanyi Xuebao(Acta Horticulturae Sinica),33(6):1259-1262(李守丽,石雷,张金政,2006,大百合与百合属间授粉后花粉管生长发育的观察,园艺学报,33(6):1259-1262)
Li X.X.,Yang H.S.,Bagenna,Bao J.H.,and Sun D.Z.,2017,Seed germination condition of Mongolia medicine plant Lomatogonium rotatum,Nongxue Xuebao(Journal of Agricultural),7(9):48-51(李旭新,杨恒山,巴根那,包金花,孙德智,2017b,蒙药植物肋柱花种子萌发条件研究,农学学报,7(9):48-51)
Liu T.,Gao Y.H.,Ge C.J.,Yan C.H.,Liang Y.Q.,and Li X.,2016,Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of total flavonoids from Lomatogonium rotatum by response surface analysis,Beijing Zhongyiyao Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine),39(6):502-507(刘婷,高优恒,葛春娟,鄢长华,梁耀求,李骁,2016,响应面法优化蒙药肋柱花总黄酮超声提取工艺,北京中医药大学学报,39(6):502-507)
Wang X.M.,Bagenna,and Bai M.G.,2007,Determination of swertiamain content in Herba Lomatogonii by HPLC,Neimenggu Minzu Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities(Natural Sciences)),22(3):320-322(王秀梅,巴根那,白明纲,2007,高效液相色谱法测定肋柱花中獐牙菜苦苷的含量,内蒙古民族大学学报(自然科学版),22(3):320-322)
Wang Z.W.,Long P.,Zhang C.H.,Wu G.D.,Zhang N.,and Li M.H.,2013,Determination of swertiamain and swertisin in H-erba Lomalogonium rotatum by HPLC,Zhongguo Shiyan F-angjixue Zazhi(Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae),19(10):106-108(王振旺,龙平,张春红,邬国栋,张娜,李旻辉,2013,HPLC测定肋柱花中獐牙菜苦苷和当药黄素的含量,中国实验方剂学杂志,19(10):106-108)
Zhang C.H.,Chen S.Y.L.,Zhang N.,Long P.,Li Z.H.,Zhu H.,Wang Z.W.,and Li M.H.,2013,Research progress of Mongolian medicine Digeda,Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi(China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica),38(24):4362-4368(张春红,陈苏依勒,张娜,龙平,李振华,朱虹,王振旺,李旻辉,2013,“地格达类”蒙药研究进展,中国中药杂志,38(24):4362-4368)