房间空调器采用3mm铜管的设计与性能分析
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摘要
房间空调器采用更小管径的铜管可以使换热器更加紧凑、高效和环保,因而开发3 mm铜管换热器代替现有的5 mm管换热器是未来房间空调换热器的一个重要发展方向。本文提出了开发3 mm管换热器的技术思路,包括通过定量计算强化管和光管的换热与压降特性来确定管型;通过基于换热性能和压降的流路参数和管径的寻优算法来优化流路和管径。设计结果表明,某典型的3,500 W房间空调器从5 mm强化管改为3 mm光管后,其内、外机的换热性能在制冷工况下分别提升12.7%、5.7%,在制热工况下各提升10.1%、15.4%;压降均在50 k Pa以内;铜的用量下降57.2%、铝的用量增加2.1%。
An important development direction of future room air conditioners is to use heat exchangers with 3 mm tubes to replace heat exchangers with 5 mm tubes, since room air conditioners with smaller diameter copper tubes can make heat exchangers more compact, efficient and environmentally friendly. A general technical idea of developing 3 mm tubes for room air conditioner is proposed. Firstly, the heat transfer and pressure drop of enhanced tubes and smooth tubes are calculated to determine the tube type; and then the algorithm of flow path parameters and the tube diameter are established based on heat transfer performance and pressure drop to optimize the flow path and the tube diameter. The design results indicate that, when 5 mm enhanced tubes are replaced by 3 mm smooth tubes in the heat exchangers of a typical 3,500 W room air conditioner, in cooling condition the heat transfer performance of the indoor unit and the outdoor unit increases by 12.7% and 5.7% respectively, and in heating condition the heat transfer performance of the indoor unit and the outdoor unit increases by 10.1% and 15.4% respectively. The pressure drops of the indoor unit and the outdoor unit in cooling and heating conditions are all within 50 k Pa. The mass of copper decreases by 57.2% and the mass of aluminum increases by 2.1%.
An important development direction of future room air conditioners is to use heat exchangers with 3 mm tubes to replace heat exchangers with 5 mm tubes, since room air conditioners with smaller diameter copper tubes can make heat exchangers more compact, efficient and environmentally friendly. A general technical idea of developing 3 mm tubes for room air conditioner is proposed. Firstly, the heat transfer and pressure drop of enhanced tubes and smooth tubes are calculated to determine the tube type; and then the algorithm of flow path parameters and the tube diameter are established based on heat transfer performance and pressure drop to optimize the flow path and the tube diameter. The design results indicate that, when 5 mm enhanced tubes are replaced by 3 mm smooth tubes in the heat exchangers of a typical 3,500 W room air conditioner, in cooling condition the heat transfer performance of the indoor unit and the outdoor unit increases by 12.7% and 5.7% respectively, and in heating condition the heat transfer performance of the indoor unit and the outdoor unit increases by 10.1% and 15.4% respectively. The pressure drops of the indoor unit and the outdoor unit in cooling and heating conditions are all within 50 k Pa. The mass of copper decreases by 57.2% and the mass of aluminum increases by 2.1%.
引文
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[14]黄翔超.R410A-润滑油混合物小管径管内冷凝冷凝热换和压降特性的研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2010.
[15]王岸林,谭周芳.空调器制冷用铜管研究[J].家电科技,2007,230(2):39-41.
[16]曹福勤.多种胀管方法在生产中应用的特点分析[J].电站辅机,2015,36(3):29-33.
[17]张国方.液压胀管技术在换热器制造中的应用[J].扬子石油化工,2000(1):24-26.
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[2]任滔,丁国良,韩维哲,等.空调器中采用小管径的影响分析及研发思路[J].制冷技术,2012,32(1):51-54,69.
[3]楚银盾,金听祥,张卫士.R290在房间空调器中的研究现状[J].制冷技术,2013,33(3):70-76.
[4]IEC 60335-2-40热泵、空调器和除湿机产品标准[S].国际电工委员会,2016.
[5]尤顺义,张静,林灿洪,等.小管径内螺纹铜管在空调系统中的应用[J].制冷技术,2010,20(2):22-25.
[6]DING G,HU H,HUANG X,et al.Experimental investigation and correlation of two-phase frictional pressure drop of R410A-oil mixture flow boiling in a 5 mm microfin tube[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2009,32(1):150-161.
[7]KIM Y C,SEO K,CHUNG J T.Evaporation heat transfer characteristics of R410A in 7 and 9.52 mm smooth/micro fin tubes[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2002,25(6):716-730.
[8]JUNG D S,RADERMACHER R.Prediction of pressure drop during horizontal annular flow boiling of pure and mixed refrigerant[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,1989,32(12):2435-2446.
[9]SHAH M M.A general correlation for heat transfer during film condensation inside pipes[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,1979,22(4):547-556.
[10]MIYARA A,NONAKA K,TANIGUCHI M.Condensation heat transfer and flow pattern inside a herringbone-type micro-fin tube[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2005,23(2):141-152.
[11]胡海涛.R410A-润滑油混合物管内流动沸腾换热和压降特性的研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2008.
[12]PAMITRAN A S,CHOI K I,OH J T,et al.Characteristics of two-phase flow pattern transitions and pressure drop of five refrigerants in horizontal circular small tubes[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2010,33(3):578-588.
[13]OH J T,PAMITRAN A S,CHOI K I,et al.Experimental investigation on two-phase flow boiling heat transfer of five refrigerants in horizontal small tubes of 0.5,1.5 and3.0 mm inner diameters[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2011,54(9-10):2080-2088.
[14]黄翔超.R410A-润滑油混合物小管径管内冷凝冷凝热换和压降特性的研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2010.
[15]王岸林,谭周芳.空调器制冷用铜管研究[J].家电科技,2007,230(2):39-41.
[16]曹福勤.多种胀管方法在生产中应用的特点分析[J].电站辅机,2015,36(3):29-33.
[17]张国方.液压胀管技术在换热器制造中的应用[J].扬子石油化工,2000(1):24-26.
[18]石庭瑞,颜惠庚.换热器的液压胀接技术及其应用要点[J].石油机械,2001,29(2):28-31.