基于动物行为表现的四种森林群落环境的康养效果
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摘要
本研究对雁荡山毛竹林、针阔混交林、杉木林、阔叶林4种典型森林环境中小白鼠的行为学表现进行分析,探究其环境因子对小白鼠自发行为的影响。采用旷场分析法对小白鼠行为表现进行解析。结果表明:从运动总路程来看,4种林分小白鼠运动总路程均显著高于对照组45%以上,但各林分间差异不显著;从中央格运动路程来看,各林分显著高于对照组50%以上;从中央格停留时间来看,各林分显著高于对照组63%以上。从进入次数来看,各林分与对照组无显著差异;从站立次数来看,各林分显著高于对照组8%以上;从体重来看,各组无显著差异;从粪便粒数来看,对照组最高(169.3粒),针阔混交林(112.3粒)显著低于其他各组。相对湿度与粪便粒数和体重呈正相关;气压与运动总路程呈正相关,与粪便粒数呈负相关;风速与粪便粒数和进入次数呈负相关;空气负离子与运动总路程呈正相关。4种森林环境对小白鼠的行为表现有不同程度的促进作用,其中针阔混交林对小白鼠的探索能力、缓解压力效果最好,杉木林对提升小白鼠的活力效果最强,建议根据人群需求选择森林环境进行康养活动。
An open-field experiment was conducted to analyze the impacts of the environment on the behavior of mice. We observed the behavior of mice in four different forest environments,including bamboo forest, conifer and broadleaf mixed forest,Cunninghamia lanceolataforest,and broad-leaved forest. The results showed that the total movement distance of the mice in eachforest type was over 45% higher than that of indoor environment(CK), with no significant differ-ence among the four forest types. The central grid movement distance of the four groups was over50% higher than that of the CK. The four treated groups spent 63% more residence time in thecentral grid than that in the CK. There was no significant difference in central grid entering fre-quency among the four groups and the CK. The four groups had 8% higher standing frequencythan the CK. There was no significant difference in body mass between the four groups and theCK. The CK group had the highest number of fecal particles(169.3), and the mixed coniferousand broad-leaved forest had the lowest(112.3). Relative humidity had a positive correlation with the number of fecal particles and body mass. Air pressure was positively correlated with the totalmovement distance, and significantly negatively correlated with the number of fecal particles.Wind speed was negatively correlated with the number of fecal particles and central grid enteringfrequency. Negative air ions were positively related to the total movement distance. In conclusion,the four forest environments promoted the behaviors of mice with different degrees of promotion.Conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest had the best effect on mice's exploring ability and relie-ving pressure.C. lanceolataforest had the strongest effect on improving mice vitality. We suggest that people should choose forest environment for health care activities according to their needs.
An open-field experiment was conducted to analyze the impacts of the environment on the behavior of mice. We observed the behavior of mice in four different forest environments,including bamboo forest, conifer and broadleaf mixed forest,Cunninghamia lanceolataforest,and broad-leaved forest. The results showed that the total movement distance of the mice in eachforest type was over 45% higher than that of indoor environment(CK), with no significant differ-ence among the four forest types. The central grid movement distance of the four groups was over50% higher than that of the CK. The four treated groups spent 63% more residence time in thecentral grid than that in the CK. There was no significant difference in central grid entering fre-quency among the four groups and the CK. The four groups had 8% higher standing frequencythan the CK. There was no significant difference in body mass between the four groups and theCK. The CK group had the highest number of fecal particles(169.3), and the mixed coniferousand broad-leaved forest had the lowest(112.3). Relative humidity had a positive correlation with the number of fecal particles and body mass. Air pressure was positively correlated with the totalmovement distance, and significantly negatively correlated with the number of fecal particles.Wind speed was negatively correlated with the number of fecal particles and central grid enteringfrequency. Negative air ions were positively related to the total movement distance. In conclusion,the four forest environments promoted the behaviors of mice with different degrees of promotion.Conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest had the best effect on mice's exploring ability and relie-ving pressure.C. lanceolataforest had the strongest effect on improving mice vitality. We suggest that people should choose forest environment for health care activities according to their needs.
引文
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曹添熠子,赵静.2016.不同气象要素对人体健康的影响分析.科技风,(21):99.
陈超杰,钟志凤,俞昌喜.2014.重复测试和不同性别对小鼠旷场行为的影响.海峡药学,(7):49-51.
陈德仁,杜雪萍,梁侠,等.2015.空气负离子配合健康管理对老年高血压的影响.中国疗养医学,24(12):1238-1240.
邓三龙.2016.森林康养的理论研究与实践.世界林业研究,29(6):1-6.
董建华,王成,任露洁,等.2012.女贞枝叶挥发物对小白鼠自发活动的影响.城市环境与城市生态,(3):18-21.
郭德玉,陈铁玉,李斌,等.1998.不同年龄大鼠学习记忆能力及旷场行为比较.中国实验动物学报,(1):19-23.
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黄海霞,李建龙,黄良美.2008.南京市小气候日变化规律及其对人体舒适度的影响.生态学杂志,27(4):601-606.
金玫蕾.2008.动物行为学在现代生命科学研究中的应用.实验动物与比较医学,28(1):1-3.
李卿.2013.森林医学.北京:科学出版社.
李朝晖,黄耀斌,储毅辉.1998.森林浴治疗精神分裂症.中华理疗杂志,21(5):305-306.
孙启祥,彭镇华,张齐生.2004.自然状态下杉木木材挥发物成分及其对人体身心健康的影响.安徽农业大学学报,31(2):158-163.
王茜,王成,王艳英.2015.毛竹林森林浴对小白鼠自发行为的影响.林业科学,51(5):78-86.
王国付.2015.森林浴的医学实验.森林与人类,(9):182-183.
王艳英,王成,董建文,等.2015.基于开场试验的森林环境保健功能研究.生态环境学报,51(4):708-715.
张青,李颖,骆月珍,等.2017.杭州地区人体舒适度对自然死亡人数的影响.气象与环境学报,33(3):101-106.
周政,顾新娣,邱娅,等.1992.森林浴对几项生理值的影响.中国康复,(1):22-25.
Berg MVD,Poppel MV,Kamp IV,et al.2016.Visiting green space is associated with mental health and vitality:A crosssectional study in four European cities.Health&Place,38:8-15.
Demoury C,Thierry B,Richard H,et al.2017.Residential greenness and risk of prostate cancer:A case-control study in Montreal,Canada.Environment Internationa,98:129-136.
Ekkel ED,Vries SD.2017.Nearby green space and human health:Evaluating accessibility metrics.Landscape&Urban Planning,157:214-220.
Goel N,Terman M,Terman JS,et al.2005.Controlled trial of bright light and negative air ions for chronic depression.Psychological Medicine,35:945-955.
Han JW,Han C,Jeon YH,et al.2016.The effects of forest therapy on coping with chronic widespread pain:Physiological and psychological differences between participants in a forest therapy program and a control group.International Journal of Environmental Research&Public Health,13:255.
Ikei H,Song C,Kagawa T,et al.2014.Physiological and psychological effects of viewing forest landscapes in a seated position in one-day forest therapy experimental model.Nipponseigaku Zasshi,69:104-110.
James P,Banay RF,Hart JE,et al.2015.A review of the health benefits of greenness.Environmental Epidemiology,2:131-142.
Kim JY,Shin CS,Yeoun PS,et al.2013.Forest healing program impact on the mental health recovery of elementary school students.Journal of the Korean Institute of Forest Recreation,17:69-81.
Krueger AP,Kotaka S.1969.The effects of air ions on brain levels of serotonin in mice.International Journal of Biometeorology,13:25-38.
Lee J,Park BJ,Tsunetsugu Y,et al.2011.Effect of forest bathing on physiological and psychological responses in young Japanese male subjects.Public Health,125:93-100.
Lee J,Tsunetsugu Y,Takayama N,et al.2014.Influence of forest therapy on cardiovascular relaxation in young adults.Evidence-Based Complementray and Alternative Medicine,2:834360.
Ochiai H,Ikei H,Song C,et al.2015a.Physiological and psychological effects of forest therapy on middle-aged males with high-normal blood pressure.International Journal of Environmental Research&Public Health,12:2532-2542.
Ochiai H,Ikei H,Song C,et al.2015b.Physiological and psychological effects of a forest therapy program on middleaged females.International Journal of Environmental Research&Public Health,12:15222-15232.
Park BJ,Tsunetsugu Y,Morikawa T,et al.2014.Physiological and psychological effects of walking in stay-in forest therapy.Japanese Journal of Hygiene,69:98-103.
Roe J,Aspinall P.2011.The emotional affordances of forest settings:An investigation in boys with extreme behavioural problems.Landscape Research,36:535-552.
Shin WS,Chang SS,Yeoun PS.2012.The influence of forest therapy camp on depression in alcoholics.Environmental Health&Preventive Medicine,17:73-76.
Song X,Li H,Li C,et al.2016.Effects of VOCs from leaves of Acer truncatumBunge andCedrus deodaraon human physiology and psychology.Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,19:29-34.
Takayama N,Korpela K,Lee J,et al.2014.Emotional,restorative and vitalizing effects of forest and urban environments at four sites in Japan.International Journal of Environmental Research&Public Health,11:7207-7230.
Tsunetsugu Y,Park BJ,Lee J,et al.2011.Psychological relaxation effect of forest therapy:Results of field experiments in19 forests in Japan involving 228 participants.Japanese Journal of Hygiene,66:670-676.
Yamada R,Yanoma S,Akaike M,et al.2006.Water-generated negative air ions activate NK cell and inhibit carcinogenesis in mice.Cancer Letters,239:190-197.
Yost MG,Reed EJ,Krueger AP.1985.Long-term biological effects of air ions and D.C.electric fields on NAMRUmice:First year report.International Journal of Biometeorology,29:253-268.
曹添熠子,赵静.2016.不同气象要素对人体健康的影响分析.科技风,(21):99.
陈超杰,钟志凤,俞昌喜.2014.重复测试和不同性别对小鼠旷场行为的影响.海峡药学,(7):49-51.
陈德仁,杜雪萍,梁侠,等.2015.空气负离子配合健康管理对老年高血压的影响.中国疗养医学,24(12):1238-1240.
邓三龙.2016.森林康养的理论研究与实践.世界林业研究,29(6):1-6.
董建华,王成,任露洁,等.2012.女贞枝叶挥发物对小白鼠自发活动的影响.城市环境与城市生态,(3):18-21.
郭德玉,陈铁玉,李斌,等.1998.不同年龄大鼠学习记忆能力及旷场行为比较.中国实验动物学报,(1):19-23.
郭二果,王成,彭镇华,等.2008.城市空气悬浮颗粒物的理化性质及其健康效应.生态环境学报,17(2):851-857.
黄海霞,李建龙,黄良美.2008.南京市小气候日变化规律及其对人体舒适度的影响.生态学杂志,27(4):601-606.
金玫蕾.2008.动物行为学在现代生命科学研究中的应用.实验动物与比较医学,28(1):1-3.
李卿.2013.森林医学.北京:科学出版社.
李朝晖,黄耀斌,储毅辉.1998.森林浴治疗精神分裂症.中华理疗杂志,21(5):305-306.
孙启祥,彭镇华,张齐生.2004.自然状态下杉木木材挥发物成分及其对人体身心健康的影响.安徽农业大学学报,31(2):158-163.
王茜,王成,王艳英.2015.毛竹林森林浴对小白鼠自发行为的影响.林业科学,51(5):78-86.
王国付.2015.森林浴的医学实验.森林与人类,(9):182-183.
王艳英,王成,董建文,等.2015.基于开场试验的森林环境保健功能研究.生态环境学报,51(4):708-715.
张青,李颖,骆月珍,等.2017.杭州地区人体舒适度对自然死亡人数的影响.气象与环境学报,33(3):101-106.
周政,顾新娣,邱娅,等.1992.森林浴对几项生理值的影响.中国康复,(1):22-25.
Berg MVD,Poppel MV,Kamp IV,et al.2016.Visiting green space is associated with mental health and vitality:A crosssectional study in four European cities.Health&Place,38:8-15.
Demoury C,Thierry B,Richard H,et al.2017.Residential greenness and risk of prostate cancer:A case-control study in Montreal,Canada.Environment Internationa,98:129-136.
Ekkel ED,Vries SD.2017.Nearby green space and human health:Evaluating accessibility metrics.Landscape&Urban Planning,157:214-220.
Goel N,Terman M,Terman JS,et al.2005.Controlled trial of bright light and negative air ions for chronic depression.Psychological Medicine,35:945-955.
Han JW,Han C,Jeon YH,et al.2016.The effects of forest therapy on coping with chronic widespread pain:Physiological and psychological differences between participants in a forest therapy program and a control group.International Journal of Environmental Research&Public Health,13:255.
Ikei H,Song C,Kagawa T,et al.2014.Physiological and psychological effects of viewing forest landscapes in a seated position in one-day forest therapy experimental model.Nipponseigaku Zasshi,69:104-110.
James P,Banay RF,Hart JE,et al.2015.A review of the health benefits of greenness.Environmental Epidemiology,2:131-142.
Kim JY,Shin CS,Yeoun PS,et al.2013.Forest healing program impact on the mental health recovery of elementary school students.Journal of the Korean Institute of Forest Recreation,17:69-81.
Krueger AP,Kotaka S.1969.The effects of air ions on brain levels of serotonin in mice.International Journal of Biometeorology,13:25-38.
Lee J,Park BJ,Tsunetsugu Y,et al.2011.Effect of forest bathing on physiological and psychological responses in young Japanese male subjects.Public Health,125:93-100.
Lee J,Tsunetsugu Y,Takayama N,et al.2014.Influence of forest therapy on cardiovascular relaxation in young adults.Evidence-Based Complementray and Alternative Medicine,2:834360.
Ochiai H,Ikei H,Song C,et al.2015a.Physiological and psychological effects of forest therapy on middle-aged males with high-normal blood pressure.International Journal of Environmental Research&Public Health,12:2532-2542.
Ochiai H,Ikei H,Song C,et al.2015b.Physiological and psychological effects of a forest therapy program on middleaged females.International Journal of Environmental Research&Public Health,12:15222-15232.
Park BJ,Tsunetsugu Y,Morikawa T,et al.2014.Physiological and psychological effects of walking in stay-in forest therapy.Japanese Journal of Hygiene,69:98-103.
Roe J,Aspinall P.2011.The emotional affordances of forest settings:An investigation in boys with extreme behavioural problems.Landscape Research,36:535-552.
Shin WS,Chang SS,Yeoun PS.2012.The influence of forest therapy camp on depression in alcoholics.Environmental Health&Preventive Medicine,17:73-76.
Song X,Li H,Li C,et al.2016.Effects of VOCs from leaves of Acer truncatumBunge andCedrus deodaraon human physiology and psychology.Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,19:29-34.
Takayama N,Korpela K,Lee J,et al.2014.Emotional,restorative and vitalizing effects of forest and urban environments at four sites in Japan.International Journal of Environmental Research&Public Health,11:7207-7230.
Tsunetsugu Y,Park BJ,Lee J,et al.2011.Psychological relaxation effect of forest therapy:Results of field experiments in19 forests in Japan involving 228 participants.Japanese Journal of Hygiene,66:670-676.
Yamada R,Yanoma S,Akaike M,et al.2006.Water-generated negative air ions activate NK cell and inhibit carcinogenesis in mice.Cancer Letters,239:190-197.
Yost MG,Reed EJ,Krueger AP.1985.Long-term biological effects of air ions and D.C.electric fields on NAMRUmice:First year report.International Journal of Biometeorology,29:253-268.