北京城市森林冠层结构对夏季舒适度及林内小气候的影响
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摘要
通过城市森林冠层结构对空气温湿度、风速的作用规律分析冠层结构对林内舒适度的影响.结果表明:叶面积指数(LAI)、冠高比(RCT)、冠层通透度(PC)与林内舒适度显著相关; LAI对空气温度(T)有显著影响,RCT和PC对空气温度(T)有极显著影响,LAI和RCT、PC和RCT对T有极显著的交互作用,T随LAI的增加而降低,随RCT和PC的增加而升高; LAI和RCT对空气相对湿度(RH)有极显著的影响,并存在极显著的交互作用,RH随着LAI的增大而增加,随RCT的增加而降低; LAI和RCT对林内风速(v)有极显著的影响,并存在显著的交互作用,v随着LAI和RCT的增加而降低.冠层结构对森林舒适度的影响主要来自林分的降温效应,而降温效应受LAI、RCT和PC的影响;冠层结构调节舒适度的湿度效应来自LAI和RCT;冠层结构调节舒适度的风速效应受LAI和RCT影响.
The influence of canopy structure on the comfort in urban forest was analyzed through the influence of canopy structure on air temperature,humidity and wind speed. The results showed that leaf area index( LAI),ratio of crown thickness to tree height( RCT) and canopy permeability( PC) were significantly correlated with comfort. LAI and RCT,PC and RCT interactively affected temperature. Temperature decreased with the increase of LAI while increased with the increase of RCT and PC. LAI and RCT interactively influenced RH. RH increased with the increase of LAI while decreased with increased RCT. LAI and RCT influenced wind speed interactively,which increased LAI and RCT decreased wind speed. The effect of canopy structure on forest comfort is mainly from the cooling effect of forest,which is affected by LAI,RCT and PC. The humidifying effect of canopy structure to moderate comfort is derived fromLAI and RCT. The wind speed effect of canopy structure on controlling comfort is affected by LAI and RCT.
The influence of canopy structure on the comfort in urban forest was analyzed through the influence of canopy structure on air temperature,humidity and wind speed. The results showed that leaf area index( LAI),ratio of crown thickness to tree height( RCT) and canopy permeability( PC) were significantly correlated with comfort. LAI and RCT,PC and RCT interactively affected temperature. Temperature decreased with the increase of LAI while increased with the increase of RCT and PC. LAI and RCT interactively influenced RH. RH increased with the increase of LAI while decreased with increased RCT. LAI and RCT influenced wind speed interactively,which increased LAI and RCT decreased wind speed. The effect of canopy structure on forest comfort is mainly from the cooling effect of forest,which is affected by LAI,RCT and PC. The humidifying effect of canopy structure to moderate comfort is derived fromLAI and RCT. The wind speed effect of canopy structure on controlling comfort is affected by LAI and RCT.
引文
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[3]郭二果,王成,郄光发,等.城市森林生态保健功能表征因子之间的关系[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(11):2 893-2 903.
[4]文野,潘洋刘,晏琪,等.2017森林挥发物保健功能研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2017,30(6):19-23.
[5]肖湘东,王波,马建武,等.植物遮阴度对城市热岛效应的影响研究——以苏州市为例[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(12):117-123,140.
[6]RAHMAN M A,ARMSON D,ENNOS A R. A comparison of the growth and cooling effectiveness of five commonly planted urban tree species[J]. Urban Ecosyst,2015,18:371-389.
[7]刘海轩,金桂香,吴鞠,等.林分规模与结构对北京城市森林夏季温湿效应的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2015,37(10):31-40.
[8]潘建彬,李树华.北京城市公园绿地热舒适度空间格局特征研究[J].中国园林,2015,31(10):91-95.
[9]齐石茗月.绿地对建筑外热环境特征及人体舒适度的影响[D].北京:北京林业大学,2016:83-96.
[10]QIN Z,LI Z D,CHENG F Y,et al. Influence of canopy structural characteristics on cooling and humidifying effects of Populus tomentosa community on calm sunny summer days[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,2014,127:75-82.
[11]贾宝全,马明.辽宁抚顺近10年来市域热场与植被变化分析[J].遥感技术与应用,2012,27(2):256-264.
[12]高美蓉,贾宝全,王成,等.厦门本岛城市森林树冠覆盖与热岛效应关系[J].林业科学,2014,50(3):63-68.
[13]ABREU-HARBICH L V,LABAKI L C,MATZARAKIS A. Effect of tree planting design and tree species on human thermal comfort in the tropics[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,2015,138:99-109.
[14]黄良美,黄玉源,黎桦,等.南宁市植物群落结构特征与局地小气候效应关系分析[J].广西植物,2008,28(2):211-217.
[15]蔺银顶,韩学武,武小刚,等.城市绿地空间结构对绿地生态场的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(10):3 340-3 346.
[16]黄玉洁,杨红.北京住区公共空间夏季舒适度实测研究[J].中国名城,2012(5):22-28.
[17]郑友飞,尹继福,吴荣军,等.热气候指数在人体舒适预报中的适用性[J].应用气象学报,2010,21(6):709-715.