滦河上游4种水生植物的水质净化研究
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摘要
在人工模拟自然条件下,对水生植物千屈菜(Lythrum salicaria)、小香蒲(Typha minima)、水葱(Scirpus validus)、黄花鸢尾(Iris wilsonii)及其不同组合配置的水质净化效果进行了研究。结果表明:试验的各水生植物及其组合配置在总氮、硝态氮、总磷、正磷酸盐和化学耗氧量(TN、NO_3~-、TP、PO_4~(3-)、COD)上有净化效果,配置种植的净化效果优于单一种植。研究给出了各水质指标随时间变化的回归方程。千屈菜+黄花鸢尾组合50 d TN去除率和COD降低率分别为73.83%,77.4%,水质净化效果最佳;水葱+黄花鸢尾组合20 d NO_3~-去除率为89.41%;水葱+黄花鸢尾组合对总磷和PO_4~(3-)去除效果最好,50 d去除率分别达88.98%和92.39%,合理选用适应当地生态条件的水生植物及其组合配置,可用于河道水质改良。
Water purification effects of aquatic plants(Lythrum salicaria, Typha minima, Scirpus validus, Iris wilsonii) and their different configurations were analyzed under artificial simulated natural conditions. The result showed that each of the aquatic plants and their configurations possessed purifying effects on the water quality indexes(TN, NO_3~-, TP, PO_4~(3-)and COD), and the purification effects of the configurations were better than the single. The regressions with higher correlations between removal rate and time were given. The removal rate of TN and COD reduced rate of Lythrum salicaria and Iris pseudoacorus combination were 73.83% and 77.4% in 50 days, which possessed the best effect on water purification. The NO_3~-removal rate of Scirpus and Iris pseudoacorus combination could reach 89.41% in 20 days. Scirpus and Yellow iris combination had the best effect on removing TP and PO_4~(3-), with the removal rates up to 88.98% and 92.39% in 50 days. Reasonable choice of local aquatic plants and their optimal combinations can be applied in the improvement of water quality in rivers.
Water purification effects of aquatic plants(Lythrum salicaria, Typha minima, Scirpus validus, Iris wilsonii) and their different configurations were analyzed under artificial simulated natural conditions. The result showed that each of the aquatic plants and their configurations possessed purifying effects on the water quality indexes(TN, NO_3~-, TP, PO_4~(3-)and COD), and the purification effects of the configurations were better than the single. The regressions with higher correlations between removal rate and time were given. The removal rate of TN and COD reduced rate of Lythrum salicaria and Iris pseudoacorus combination were 73.83% and 77.4% in 50 days, which possessed the best effect on water purification. The NO_3~-removal rate of Scirpus and Iris pseudoacorus combination could reach 89.41% in 20 days. Scirpus and Yellow iris combination had the best effect on removing TP and PO_4~(3-), with the removal rates up to 88.98% and 92.39% in 50 days. Reasonable choice of local aquatic plants and their optimal combinations can be applied in the improvement of water quality in rivers.
引文
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[3]Bruins M R,Kapil S,Oehme F W.Microbial resistance to metals in the environment[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2000,45(3):198–207.
[4]罗固源,郑剑锋,许晓毅,等.4种浮床栽培植物生长特性及吸收氮、磷能力的比较[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(2):285–290.Luo Guyuan,Zheng Jianfeng,Xu Xiaoyi,et al.Comparison of the growth characteristics and nutrient uptake of four kinds of plants cultivated on a floating–bed[J].Journal of Agro-environment Science,2009,29(2):285–290.
[5]Brown L M,White J R,Brix H.Alum application to improve water quality in a municipal wastewater treatment wetland:effects on macrophyte growth and nutrient uptake[J].Chemosphere,2010,79(2):186–192.
[6]Anderson C J,Mitsch W J.Sediment,carbon and nutrient accumulation at two 10–year–old created riverine marshes[J].Wetlands,2006,26(3):779–792.
[7]Howarth R W,Marino R.Nitrogen as the limiting nutrient for eutrophication in coastal marine ecosystems:evolving views over three decades[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2006,51(1):364–376.
[8]Carpenter S R.Phosphorus control is critical to mitigating eutrophication[J].Proceedings of the National Academy Sciences of the USA,2008,105(32):11039–11040.
[9]丁志雄,白音包力皋.滦河流域水系水体要素提取及其发展变化趋势分析[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2013,11(4):284–289.Ding Zhixiong,Baiyin Baoligao.Features extraction and change trends analysis of stream and water in Luan River Basin[J].Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2013,11(4):284–289.
[10]王少明.滦河上游地区水土流失与面污染源的治理[J].水利水电科技进展,1997,17(3):50–51.Wang Shaoming.Control of soil erosion and non–point pollution in the upper reaches of Luanhe River[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resource,1997,17(3):50–51.
[11]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].第四版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.State Environmental Protection Administration of China.Water and Wastewater Monitoring and Analysis Mehtod[M].4th ed.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press of China,2002.
[12]周金波,金树权,姚永如,等.冬季低温条件下6种水生植物水质氮、磷净化能力比较[J].浙江农业学报,2011,23(2):369–372.Zhou Jinbo,Jin Shuquan,Yao Yongru,et al.Comparison of nitrogen and phosphorus purification ability of six aquatic macrophytes under low temperature in winter[J].Acta Agriculture Zhejiangensis,2011,23(2):369–372.
[13]徐惠华.水质指标COD和BOD的表达辨析[J].学报编辑论丛,2009:67–69.Xu Huihua.Discussion on the expression of COD and BOD in water quality indexes[J].Journal Editors Forum,2009:67–69.
[14]高吉喜,叶春,杜娟,等.水生植物对面源污水净化效率研究[J].中国环境科学,1997,17(3):247–251.Gao Jixi,Ye Chun,Du Juan,et al.Study on the purification efficiency of aquatic plant to non–point source sewage[J].China Environmental Science,1997,17(3):247–251.
[15]卢少勇,金相灿,余刚.人工湿地氮去除机理[J].生态学报,2006,26:2670–2677.Lu Shaoyong,Jin Xiangcan,Yu Gang.Nitrogen removal mechanism of constructed wetland[J].Acta Ecological Sinica,2006,26:2670–2677.
[16]卢少勇,金相灿,余刚.人工湿地磷去除机理[J].生态环境,2006,15:391–396.Lu Shaoyong,Jin Xiangcan,Yu Gang.Nitrogen removal mechanism of constructed wetland[J].Ecology and Environment,2006,15:391–396.
[17]王智,张志勇,张君倩,等.两种水生植物对滇池草海富营养化水体水质的影响[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(2):328–335.Wang Zhi,Zhang Zhiyong,Zhang Junqian,et al.Water quality effects of two aquatic macrophytes on eutrophic water from Caohai of Lake Dianchi[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(2):328–335.
[18]Bagwell C E,Lowell C R.Persistence of selected Spartina alterniflora rhizoplane diazotrophs exposed to natural and manipulated environmental variability[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2000,66(11):4625–4633.