华北地区常见九种挺水植物氮磷净化效果优选
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摘要
为促进水环境治理,通过水培的方式研究了华北地区常见的9种挺水植物(旱伞草、黄菖蒲、水葱、西伯利亚鸢尾、千屈菜、蒲苇、水生美人蕉、黄花鸢尾和花叶芦竹)对水体中氮磷的净化效果。结果表明:不同植物间株高和地上生物量的变化差异明显,其中水葱株高变化最大,水生美人蕉地上生物量变化最高。9种挺水植物对水中总氮、总磷的去除都有较好的效果,总氮去除效果排序为黄菖蒲>西伯利亚鸢尾>旱伞草>黄花鸢尾>千屈菜≥花叶芦竹>水生美人蕉>蒲苇>水葱>对照组。总磷的去除效果排序为西伯利亚鸢尾>黄花鸢尾≥水葱>黄菖蒲>水生美人蕉>旱伞草>花叶芦竹>千屈菜>蒲苇>对照组。各组植物间单位面积总氮的去除不存在明显差异,总磷的去除差异明显;地上单位生物量的总氮、总磷去除率的变化范围分别为0.50~6.58和0.043~0.455mg·g-1。考虑到氮磷净化效率及景观效果,西伯利亚鸢尾、黄花鸢尾可作为富营养化水体修复的备选植物。
In order to promot water environment control,nine kinds of water plants including Cyperus alternifolius,Iris pseudacorus,Scirpus tabernaemontani,Iris siberian,Lythrum salicaria L.,Cortaderia selloana,C.glauca,Iris pseudoacorus and Arundo donaxvar.versicolor,which were common in North China,were studied by means of hydroponics on the purification of nitrogen and phosphorus in water.The result showed that the plant height and aboveground biomass of different plants were significantly different,and the change of Scirpus tabernaemontani′s height was the largest,and the biomass of C.glauca was the highest.Nine kinds of water plants on the water total nitrogen and phosphorus removal had a better effect.The removal efficiency of total nitrogen was as follows:Iris pseudacorus L.>Iris sibirica L.>Cyperus alternifolius>Iris wilsonii C.H.Wright>Lythrum salicaria L.≥Arundo donax var.versicolor>Canna glauca L.>Cortaderia selloana>Scirpus tabernaemontani>control group.The removal of total phosphorus were as follows:Iris sibirica L.>Iris wilsonii C.H.Wright≥Scirpus tabernaemontani>Iris pseudacorus L.>Canna glauca L.>Cyperus alternifolius>Arundo donax var.versicolor>Lythrum salicaria L.>Cortaderia selloana>control group.There was no significant difference in the removal of total nitrogen in the plants per unit area,and the removal of total phosphorus was significant.The change of total nitrogen and total phosphorus removal rate per unit aboveground biomass was 0.50-6.58 mg·g-1 and 0.043-0.455 mg·g-1.Considering the efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus purification and landscape effect,Iris sibirica L.and Iris wilsonii C.H.Wright could be used as alternative plants for the restoration of eutrophic water.
In order to promot water environment control,nine kinds of water plants including Cyperus alternifolius,Iris pseudacorus,Scirpus tabernaemontani,Iris siberian,Lythrum salicaria L.,Cortaderia selloana,C.glauca,Iris pseudoacorus and Arundo donaxvar.versicolor,which were common in North China,were studied by means of hydroponics on the purification of nitrogen and phosphorus in water.The result showed that the plant height and aboveground biomass of different plants were significantly different,and the change of Scirpus tabernaemontani′s height was the largest,and the biomass of C.glauca was the highest.Nine kinds of water plants on the water total nitrogen and phosphorus removal had a better effect.The removal efficiency of total nitrogen was as follows:Iris pseudacorus L.>Iris sibirica L.>Cyperus alternifolius>Iris wilsonii C.H.Wright>Lythrum salicaria L.≥Arundo donax var.versicolor>Canna glauca L.>Cortaderia selloana>Scirpus tabernaemontani>control group.The removal of total phosphorus were as follows:Iris sibirica L.>Iris wilsonii C.H.Wright≥Scirpus tabernaemontani>Iris pseudacorus L.>Canna glauca L.>Cyperus alternifolius>Arundo donax var.versicolor>Lythrum salicaria L.>Cortaderia selloana>control group.There was no significant difference in the removal of total nitrogen in the plants per unit area,and the removal of total phosphorus was significant.The change of total nitrogen and total phosphorus removal rate per unit aboveground biomass was 0.50-6.58 mg·g-1 and 0.043-0.455 mg·g-1.Considering the efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus purification and landscape effect,Iris sibirica L.and Iris wilsonii C.H.Wright could be used as alternative plants for the restoration of eutrophic water.
引文
[1]蔡佩英,刘爱琴,侯晓龙.7种水生植物去除城市生活污水氮磷效果的研究[J].环境工程学报,2011,5(5):1067-1070.
[2]Jayaweera M W,Kasturiarachchi J C.Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from industrial wastewaters by phytoremediation using water hyacinth(Eichhornia crassipes(Mart.)Solms)[J].Water Science and Technology A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research,2004,50(6):217.
[3]Gopal B.Natural and constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment:potential and problems[J].Water Science and Technology,1999,40(3):27-35.
[4]杨林,伍斌,赖发英,等.7种典型挺水植物净化生活污水中氮磷的研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2011,33(3):616-621.
[5]石雷,杨璇.人工湿地植物量及其对净化效果影响的研究[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(1):28-33.
[6]刘足根,张萌,李雄清,等.沉水-挺水植物镶嵌组合的水体氮磷去除效果研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(S1):171-181.
[7]彭婉婷,邹琳,段维波,等.多种湿地植物组合对污水中氮和磷的去除效果[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(3):612-617.
[8]杜甫义,阿琼,董凡超,等.西藏地区不同湿地植物配置对污水的净化效果[J].环境工程,2017,35(1):26-30,40.
[9]刘佳,王泽民,李亚峰,等.潜流人工湿地系统对污染物的去除与转化机理[J].环境保护科学,2005(1):53-54,57.
[10]万志刚,沈颂东,顾福根,等.几种水生维管束植物对水中氮、磷吸收率的比较[J].淡水渔业,2004(5):6-8.
[11]刘燕,万福绪,王瀚起.不同水生植物对富营养化水体氮磷的去除效果[J].林业科技开发,2013,27(3):72-75.
[12]左小凤.4种水生植物对水体的富营养化物质的吸收净化效果研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2010.
[13]祝宇慧.人工湿地植物筛选及其对营养型污水的净化效果研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.
[14]栾晓丽,王晓,时应征,等.两种挺水植物的脱氮除磷效果及其影响因素研究[J].安徽农业科学,2008(4):1576-1577,1654.
[15]李兴,李畅游,勾芒芒,等.挺水植物对湖泊水质数值模拟过程的影响[J].环境科学,2010,31(12):2890-2895.
[16]徐秀玲,陆欣欣,雷先德,等.不同水生植物对富营养化水体中氮磷去除效果的比较[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2012,30(1):8-14.
[17]顾国平,周丽燕,王森.空心菜对景观水中氮磷的去除效果研究初报[J].安徽农学通报,2008(19):111-112.
[18]李建娜,胡曰利,吴晓芙,等.人工湿地污水处理系统中的植物氮磷吸收富集能力研究[J].环境污染与防治,2007(7):506-509.
[19]蒋鑫焱,翟建平,黄蕾,等.不同水生植物富集氮磷能力的试验研究[J].环境保护科学,2006(6):13-16.
[20]王庆海,段留生,李瑞华,等.几种水生植物净化能力比较[J].华北农学报,2008(2):217-222.
[21]周硕,李俊玲,于静洁,等.挺水植物对氮磷的固定及其腐烂释放研究[J].农业环境与发展,2012,29(3):98-102.
[22]方焰星,何池全,梁霞,等.水生植物对污染水体氮磷的净化效果研究[J].水生态学杂志,2010,3(6):36-40.
[2]Jayaweera M W,Kasturiarachchi J C.Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from industrial wastewaters by phytoremediation using water hyacinth(Eichhornia crassipes(Mart.)Solms)[J].Water Science and Technology A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research,2004,50(6):217.
[3]Gopal B.Natural and constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment:potential and problems[J].Water Science and Technology,1999,40(3):27-35.
[4]杨林,伍斌,赖发英,等.7种典型挺水植物净化生活污水中氮磷的研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2011,33(3):616-621.
[5]石雷,杨璇.人工湿地植物量及其对净化效果影响的研究[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(1):28-33.
[6]刘足根,张萌,李雄清,等.沉水-挺水植物镶嵌组合的水体氮磷去除效果研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(S1):171-181.
[7]彭婉婷,邹琳,段维波,等.多种湿地植物组合对污水中氮和磷的去除效果[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(3):612-617.
[8]杜甫义,阿琼,董凡超,等.西藏地区不同湿地植物配置对污水的净化效果[J].环境工程,2017,35(1):26-30,40.
[9]刘佳,王泽民,李亚峰,等.潜流人工湿地系统对污染物的去除与转化机理[J].环境保护科学,2005(1):53-54,57.
[10]万志刚,沈颂东,顾福根,等.几种水生维管束植物对水中氮、磷吸收率的比较[J].淡水渔业,2004(5):6-8.
[11]刘燕,万福绪,王瀚起.不同水生植物对富营养化水体氮磷的去除效果[J].林业科技开发,2013,27(3):72-75.
[12]左小凤.4种水生植物对水体的富营养化物质的吸收净化效果研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2010.
[13]祝宇慧.人工湿地植物筛选及其对营养型污水的净化效果研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.
[14]栾晓丽,王晓,时应征,等.两种挺水植物的脱氮除磷效果及其影响因素研究[J].安徽农业科学,2008(4):1576-1577,1654.
[15]李兴,李畅游,勾芒芒,等.挺水植物对湖泊水质数值模拟过程的影响[J].环境科学,2010,31(12):2890-2895.
[16]徐秀玲,陆欣欣,雷先德,等.不同水生植物对富营养化水体中氮磷去除效果的比较[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2012,30(1):8-14.
[17]顾国平,周丽燕,王森.空心菜对景观水中氮磷的去除效果研究初报[J].安徽农学通报,2008(19):111-112.
[18]李建娜,胡曰利,吴晓芙,等.人工湿地污水处理系统中的植物氮磷吸收富集能力研究[J].环境污染与防治,2007(7):506-509.
[19]蒋鑫焱,翟建平,黄蕾,等.不同水生植物富集氮磷能力的试验研究[J].环境保护科学,2006(6):13-16.
[20]王庆海,段留生,李瑞华,等.几种水生植物净化能力比较[J].华北农学报,2008(2):217-222.
[21]周硕,李俊玲,于静洁,等.挺水植物对氮磷的固定及其腐烂释放研究[J].农业环境与发展,2012,29(3):98-102.
[22]方焰星,何池全,梁霞,等.水生植物对污染水体氮磷的净化效果研究[J].水生态学杂志,2010,3(6):36-40.