北京大学4.5 MV静电加速器核反应分析系统
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摘要
为满足对聚变堆面向等离子体材料中氘氚滞留问题的研究,北京大学4.5 MV静电加速器在原束线基础上新增核反应分析系统,该系统使用能量0.8～3.6 MeV的H~+、D~+、~3He~+和~4He~+粒子束流,可对核反应微分截面和样品中元素浓度的深度分布进行测量分析。本文对核反应分析原理、核反应分析系统的设备布局和实验方法进行了讨论,并以D(~3He,p)~4He核反应为例,分析了微分截面计算和样品中氘元素浓度深度分布的数据结果,其深度分辨小于1.5μm,实验误差约为7.5%。
In order to satisfy the research of the deuterium and tritium retention in plasma facing components of fusion reactor, a nuclear reaction analysis system was designed and installed based on the original beam line of 4.5 MV electrostatic accelerator at Peking University. With this nuclear reaction analysis system, H~+, D~+, ~3He~+ and ~4He~+ beams can be provided in the ion energy range from 0.8 MeV to 3.6 MeV. The differential cross section of the nuclear reaction and the depth distribution of the element concentration in samples can be achieved by this system. The principle of nuclear reaction analysis, the equipment layout and the experiment method were discussed, and the data analysis results of D(~3He,p)~4He nuclear reaction were shown as application examples of this system. In addition, the depth resolution of less than 1.5 μm and the experimental error of 7.5% were achieved with this system.
In order to satisfy the research of the deuterium and tritium retention in plasma facing components of fusion reactor, a nuclear reaction analysis system was designed and installed based on the original beam line of 4.5 MV electrostatic accelerator at Peking University. With this nuclear reaction analysis system, H~+, D~+, ~3He~+ and ~4He~+ beams can be provided in the ion energy range from 0.8 MeV to 3.6 MeV. The differential cross section of the nuclear reaction and the depth distribution of the element concentration in samples can be achieved by this system. The principle of nuclear reaction analysis, the equipment layout and the experiment method were discussed, and the data analysis results of D(~3He,p)~4He nuclear reaction were shown as application examples of this system. In addition, the depth resolution of less than 1.5 μm and the experimental error of 7.5% were achieved with this system.
引文
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[10] LIU Kexin,WANG Yugang,FAN Tieshuan ,et al.Frontier applications of electrostatic accelerators[J].Frontiers of Physics,2013,8(5):564-576.
[11] 高原,王建勇,杨向军,等.北京大学4.5 MV静电加速器核材料辐照系统[J].原子核物理评论,2015,32(增刊):20-24.GAO Yuan,WANG Jianyong,YANG Xiangjun,et al.Nuclear material irradiation system of 4.5 MV electrostatic accelerator at Peking University[J].Nuclear Physics Review,2015,32(Suppl.):20-24(in Chinese).
[12] MAYER M.SIMNRA user’s guide:Technical report,IPP 9/113[R].Garching,Germany:Max-Planck-Institute Fuel Plasmaphysik,1997.https://home.mpcdf.mpg.de/～mam/.
[13] ZHU Jipeng,XIAO Xuan,YAN Sha,et al.Measurement of differential cross section of D(3He,p)4He from 0.8 MeV to 3.6 MeV[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B,2017,412:81-85.
[14] ALIMOV V K,MAYER M,ROTH J.Differential cross-section of the D(3He,p)4He nuclear reaction and depth profiling of deuterium up to large depths[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B,2005,234:169-175.
[15] 肖璇,颜莎,朱吉鹏,等.基于北京大学4.5 MV静电加速器的氘分布多能点NRA方法[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(5):767-775.XIAO Xuan,YAN Sha,ZHU Jipeng,et al.Development of multi-energies NRA methods for depth profiling of deuterium based on 4.5 MV electrostatic accelerator in Peking University[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2016,52(5):767-775(in Chinese).
[16] ZIEGLER F J,ZIEGLER M D,BIERSACK J P.SRIM:The stopping and range of ions in matter (2010)[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B,2010,268:1 818-1 823.
[2] MALMQVIST G K.Accelerator-based ion beam analysis:An overview and future prospects[J].Radiation Physics and Chemistry,2004,71:817-827.
[3] AMSEL G,LANFORD W A.Nuclear reaction techniques in materials analysis[J].Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science,1984,34:435-460.
[4] 杨福家,赵国庆.离子束分析[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,1985.
[5] LOARER T.Fuel retention in tokamaks[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2009,390/391:20-28.
[6] WIELUNSKA B,MAYER M,SCHWARZ-SELINGER T,et al.Cross section data for the D(3He,p)4He nuclear reaction from 0.25 to 6 MeV[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B,2016,371:41-45.
[7] FELDMAN L C.Rutherford backscattering and nuclear reaction analysis[C]//CZANDEMA W A,HERCULES M D.Ion spectroscopies for surface analysis (Methods of surface characterization series,Volume 2).New York:Plenum Press,1991:311-361.
[8] MAYER M.RESOLNRA:A new program for optimizing the achievable depth resolution of ion beam analysis methods[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B,2008,266:1 852-1 857.
[9] MAYER M,GAUTHIER E,SUGIYAMA K,et al.Quantitative depth profiling of deuterium up to very large depths[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B,2009,267:506-512.
[10] LIU Kexin,WANG Yugang,FAN Tieshuan ,et al.Frontier applications of electrostatic accelerators[J].Frontiers of Physics,2013,8(5):564-576.
[11] 高原,王建勇,杨向军,等.北京大学4.5 MV静电加速器核材料辐照系统[J].原子核物理评论,2015,32(增刊):20-24.GAO Yuan,WANG Jianyong,YANG Xiangjun,et al.Nuclear material irradiation system of 4.5 MV electrostatic accelerator at Peking University[J].Nuclear Physics Review,2015,32(Suppl.):20-24(in Chinese).
[12] MAYER M.SIMNRA user’s guide:Technical report,IPP 9/113[R].Garching,Germany:Max-Planck-Institute Fuel Plasmaphysik,1997.https://home.mpcdf.mpg.de/～mam/.
[13] ZHU Jipeng,XIAO Xuan,YAN Sha,et al.Measurement of differential cross section of D(3He,p)4He from 0.8 MeV to 3.6 MeV[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B,2017,412:81-85.
[14] ALIMOV V K,MAYER M,ROTH J.Differential cross-section of the D(3He,p)4He nuclear reaction and depth profiling of deuterium up to large depths[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B,2005,234:169-175.
[15] 肖璇,颜莎,朱吉鹏,等.基于北京大学4.5 MV静电加速器的氘分布多能点NRA方法[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(5):767-775.XIAO Xuan,YAN Sha,ZHU Jipeng,et al.Development of multi-energies NRA methods for depth profiling of deuterium based on 4.5 MV electrostatic accelerator in Peking University[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2016,52(5):767-775(in Chinese).
[16] ZIEGLER F J,ZIEGLER M D,BIERSACK J P.SRIM:The stopping and range of ions in matter (2010)[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B,2010,268:1 818-1 823.