水稻种衣肥配方筛选及缓释特性研究
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摘要
为了筛选合适的种衣肥,通过水稻发芽试验与苗素质的测定,并与进口的SK进行比较确定最佳种衣肥;同时对用其制备包肥种子中养分N、P、K的释放期、释放率及理化性质进行了测定,探索种衣肥的释放性能。试验结果表明:水稻种子用4种包衣肥包衣处理之后,除出苗率略低于CK外,其他发芽指标及苗素质都优于CK,其中HX-1C为最佳配方,最佳包衣比为1∶40。缓释肥包衣剂的粘度为27.5 MPa/s、成膜性良好,成膜时间14.5 min、包衣膜均匀度> 90%,包衣脱落率<1.5%。缓释特性测试结果显示,包衣肥养分N、P、K初期溶解率<10%、微分溶解率<2%,养分释放期> 45 d。其中P的初期溶解率小于N、K的初期溶解率,而N、P、K微分溶解率相差不大。养分累积释放曲线大致呈"S"型,与作物生长需肥规律一致。表明复合型缓释肥包衣剂的理化性质良好,包衣效果与养分缓释效果良好,能有效控制普通复合肥养分的缓释。
The best seed coat fertilizer was determined by germination test and seedling quality determination, and compared with imported SK to determine the Best seed-coat Fertilizer. At the same time, the release period, release rate and physicochemical properties of nutrients N, P and K in seed coating fertilizer were determined, and the release performance of seed coating fertilizer was explored.The results showed that the germination index and seedling quality of rice seeds coated with 4 kinds of coating fertilizers were better than CK except that the emergence rate was slightly lower than CK. Among them, HX-1 C was the best formulation and the best coating ratio was 1 ∶ 40. The viscosity of slow release fertilizer was 27.5 MPa/s, and the film-forming property was good. The film-forming time was 14.5 min, the uniformity of coatings was more than 90%, and the coating peeling rate was less than 1.5%. The results of slow release test showed that the initial solubility of N, P and K in coating fertilizer was less than 10%, the differential solubility was less than 2%, and the nutrient release period was more than 45 days. The initial solubility of P was less than that of N and K, but the differential solubility of N,P and K was little different. The curve of nutrient accumulation and release was roughly "S" type, which was consistent with the law of crop growth and fertilizer requirement. The results showed that the coating agent of compound slow-release fertilizer had good physical and chemical properties, coating effect and nutrient slow-release effect, and could effectively control nutrient slow-release of common compound fertilizer.
The best seed coat fertilizer was determined by germination test and seedling quality determination, and compared with imported SK to determine the Best seed-coat Fertilizer. At the same time, the release period, release rate and physicochemical properties of nutrients N, P and K in seed coating fertilizer were determined, and the release performance of seed coating fertilizer was explored.The results showed that the germination index and seedling quality of rice seeds coated with 4 kinds of coating fertilizers were better than CK except that the emergence rate was slightly lower than CK. Among them, HX-1 C was the best formulation and the best coating ratio was 1 ∶ 40. The viscosity of slow release fertilizer was 27.5 MPa/s, and the film-forming property was good. The film-forming time was 14.5 min, the uniformity of coatings was more than 90%, and the coating peeling rate was less than 1.5%. The results of slow release test showed that the initial solubility of N, P and K in coating fertilizer was less than 10%, the differential solubility was less than 2%, and the nutrient release period was more than 45 days. The initial solubility of P was less than that of N and K, but the differential solubility of N,P and K was little different. The curve of nutrient accumulation and release was roughly "S" type, which was consistent with the law of crop growth and fertilizer requirement. The results showed that the coating agent of compound slow-release fertilizer had good physical and chemical properties, coating effect and nutrient slow-release effect, and could effectively control nutrient slow-release of common compound fertilizer.
引文
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[21]王春梅,赵贵哲,刘亚青,等.含氮、磷包膜缓释肥的制备及其缓释性能研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(4):1027-1031.
[22]刘步林.农药剂型加工技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1998.
[23]李金玉,刘桂英.良种包衣新产品--药肥复合型种衣剂[J].种子,1990,9(6):53-56.
[24]赵引德.废旧塑料包出可控缓释肥[J].再生资源研究,2005(4):6.
[25]Tweddell R J,Pelerin S,Chabot R.A two-year field study of a commercial biostimulant applied on maize as seed coating[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Science,2000,80(4):805-807.
[2]郭培俊.控释肥料包膜材料的研究进展[J].广东化工,2015,42(6):118-119.
[3]王兴刚,吕少瑜,冯晨,等.包膜型多功能缓/控释肥料的研究现状及进展[J].高分子通报,2016(7):9-22.
[4]古慧娟,石元亮,于阁杰,等.我国缓/控释肥料的应用效应研究进展[J].土壤通报,2011,42(1):220-224.
[5]祝红福,熊远福,邹应斌,等.包膜型缓/控释肥的研究现状及应用前景[J].化肥设计,2008,46(3):61-64.
[6]El-Hady O A,Camilia Y,El-Dewiny.Modified bitumen emulsion for coating fertilizers[J].Journal of Applied Sciences Research,2006,2(2):100-105.
[7]Trenke L M E.SLow-and controLLed-reLease and stabilized fertiLizers:an option for enhancing nutrient efficiency in agriculture[M].Paris:Internationa L FertiLizer Industry Association(IFA),2010.
[8]Chen X,Wang H J,Yang X J.Preliminary discussion on research progress and prospect of slow released fertilizers[J].AgricuLturaLScience&TechnoLogy,2015,16(12):2699-2702.
[9]裴瑞杰,胡述晓,孙天洲,等.缓控释肥料的研究与应用现状[J].中国农业信息,2015(16):62-65.
[10]邹应斌,贺帆,黄见良,等.包膜复合肥对水稻生长及营养特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(1):57-63
[11]Hulme F.Maximize controlled release fertilizer performance[J].Greenhouse Grower,2012,30(1):54-58.
[12]许世明,卢丽丽,王恒涛,等.高塔保水缓释肥生产技术与产业化开发[J].化肥工业,2013,40(1):19-20,23.
[13]王永红,王旭红.合理使用肥料降低环境污染[J].农业工程技术:新能源产业,2012(1):28-30.
[14]吴欢欢.变性淀粉包裹型尿素氮素释放特性及生物学效应研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2011.
[15]景旭东,林海琳,阎杰.非树脂包膜型缓释肥的研究与展望[J].江西农业学报,2015,27(7):72-75,79.
[16]马琳娜,向阳,赵贵哲,等.生物降解高分子缓控释肥在番茄上的应用研究[J].广东农业科学,2016,43(4):84-88.
[17]马琳娜.生物降解有机高分子缓/控释肥土壤环境效益及应用效果研究[D].太原:中北大学,2016.
[18]熊海蓉,钟总,官春云,等.复合型缓释肥包衣剂理化性质及缓释特性研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(33):85-89.
[19]文卓琼,熊文洋,熊海蓉,等.早稻种子包衣肥的缓释性能研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(9):6-9.
[20]熊海蓉,李霞,邹应斌,等.种子包衣肥理化特性研究[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(20):217-221.
[21]王春梅,赵贵哲,刘亚青,等.含氮、磷包膜缓释肥的制备及其缓释性能研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(4):1027-1031.
[22]刘步林.农药剂型加工技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1998.
[23]李金玉,刘桂英.良种包衣新产品--药肥复合型种衣剂[J].种子,1990,9(6):53-56.
[24]赵引德.废旧塑料包出可控缓释肥[J].再生资源研究,2005(4):6.
[25]Tweddell R J,Pelerin S,Chabot R.A two-year field study of a commercial biostimulant applied on maize as seed coating[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Science,2000,80(4):805-807.