水肥一体化技术对叶用枸杞产量及水肥利用率的影响
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摘要
为了探究水肥一体化技术对叶用枸杞产量及养分利用率的影响,本文以叶用枸杞‘宁杞9号’为试验材料,研究了常规沟灌施肥(CK),水肥一体化施肥(T1),水肥一体化减量施肥(灌水量、施肥量均为水肥一体化施肥的80%,T2)3种灌溉施肥方式对叶用枸杞产量、水分利用率、养分利用率及经济效益的影响。结果表明,水肥一体化技术在施肥量和灌水量均低于传统施肥的条件下,T1、T2的产量分别比CK提高了69.3%和4.6%,水分利用率分别提高了150.6%和93.1%,氮磷钾吸收率分别比CK提高了14.52,5.72,16.65个百分点和1.10,0.96,2.81个百分点,每公顷的经济效益分别增加了91 217元和8 730元,产投比分别提高了72.3%和33.0%。综合而言,水肥一体化技术可提高叶用枸杞的产量、水分和养分利用率以及经济效益,其中以水肥一体化施肥(T1,即N 496.05 kg·hm~(-2)、P 483.2 kg·hm~(-2)、K 342.15 kg·hm~(-2))效果最好。
To explore the effect of integration technology of water and fertilizer on yield and nutrient utilization of leaf utilization wolfberry, the experiment was conducted with 'Ningqi 9' as the experimental material, three treatments were designed, including conventional irrigation and fertilizer(CK), the integration of water and fertilizer(T1), and 80% reduction fertilizer(T2), the yield, water utilization efficiency, nutrient utilization and the economic benefits of leaf-used wolfberry were analyzed. The results showed that comparing with CK, the integration treatment of water and fertilizer(T1, T2) had fewer amount of fertilizer and water, but the yield of T1 and T2 was increased by 69.3% and 4.6%, the water utilization efficiency was increased by 150.6% and 93.1%, the N, P, K uptake were increased by 14.52,5.72,16.65 and 1.10,0.96,2.81 percentage points, the economic benefits per hectare were increased by91 217 yuan and 8 730 yuan, the input-output ratio was increased by 72.3% and 33.0%, respectively. In conclusion, the integrated technology improved the yield, water utilization efficiency, leaf-used Chinese wolfberry nutrient utilization efficiency and economic benefits, in which T1 treatment(N 496.05 kg·hm~(-2), P 483.2 kg·hm~(-2), K 342.15 kg·hm~(-2)) had the best effects.
To explore the effect of integration technology of water and fertilizer on yield and nutrient utilization of leaf utilization wolfberry, the experiment was conducted with 'Ningqi 9' as the experimental material, three treatments were designed, including conventional irrigation and fertilizer(CK), the integration of water and fertilizer(T1), and 80% reduction fertilizer(T2), the yield, water utilization efficiency, nutrient utilization and the economic benefits of leaf-used wolfberry were analyzed. The results showed that comparing with CK, the integration treatment of water and fertilizer(T1, T2) had fewer amount of fertilizer and water, but the yield of T1 and T2 was increased by 69.3% and 4.6%, the water utilization efficiency was increased by 150.6% and 93.1%, the N, P, K uptake were increased by 14.52,5.72,16.65 and 1.10,0.96,2.81 percentage points, the economic benefits per hectare were increased by91 217 yuan and 8 730 yuan, the input-output ratio was increased by 72.3% and 33.0%, respectively. In conclusion, the integrated technology improved the yield, water utilization efficiency, leaf-used Chinese wolfberry nutrient utilization efficiency and economic benefits, in which T1 treatment(N 496.05 kg·hm~(-2), P 483.2 kg·hm~(-2), K 342.15 kg·hm~(-2)) had the best effects.
引文
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[23]张国桥,王静,刘涛,等.水肥一体化施磷对滴灌玉米产量、磷素营养及磷肥利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1103-1109.
[24]梁林洲,沈仁芳,伊晓云,等.高磷土壤施用磷肥对小白菜和苋菜产量及肥料利用率的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2010,26(1):70-74.
[2]温立香,刘功德.枸杞叶资源的研究进展[J].大众科技,2014, 16(178):146.
[3]张宝林,蔡田军.不同品种枸杞产量的对比分析[J].经济林研究, 2012(3):99-100.
[4]李时珍.本草纲目(下)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1981:897-899.
[5]赖正锋,张少平.几个菜用枸杞品种的生长特性及营养品质分析[J].热带作物学报,2010,31(10):1706-1707.
[6]王娅丽.刘思洋.宁杞9号枸杞叶芽营养成分分析[J].经济林研究,2015,33(4):109.
[7]李红英,吴东.宁夏枸杞叶茶中微量元素含量与其它茶叶的比较[J].微量元素与健康研究,2008(4):34-36.
[8]王蓉,王伟,王娅丽.氮素用量对叶用枸杞氮磷钾养分积累及产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2016(11):160-163.
[9]高祥照.水肥一体化是提高水肥利用效率的核心[J].中国农业信息,2013(14):3-4.
[10]路永莉,白凤华,杨宪龙.水肥一体化技术对不同生态区果园苹果生产的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(11):1281-1282.
[11]李传哲,许仙菊,马洪波,等.水肥一体化技术提高水肥利用效率研究进展[J].江苏农业学报,2017,33(2):469-471.
[12]李彬,绥德宝,程满金,等.水肥一体化条件下内蒙古优势作物水肥利用效率及产量分析[J].水资源与水工程学报,2015(26):217-218
[13]陈广锋,杜森,江荣风,等.我国水肥一体化技术应用及研究现状[J].中国农技推广,2013,29(5):39-40.
[14]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].第三版.北京:中国农业出版社,2008.
[15]刘虎成,徐坤,张永征,等.滴灌施肥技术对生姜产量及水肥利用率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(S1):106-111.
[16]陆树华,张承林,邓兰生,等.滴灌施肥条件下氮钾分配时期对甘蔗产量和品质的影响[J].节水灌溉,2009(4):22-25.
[17]刘保伟.加快水肥一体化进程提升灌溉施肥水平[J].内蒙古农业科技,2014(3):71-74.
[18]江云,马友华,陈伟,等.作物水分利用率的影响因素及其提高途径探讨[J].中国农学通报,2007(9):269-273.
[19]SHARMA S,PATRA S K,RAY R. Effect of drip fertigation on growth and yield of Guava cv.Khaja[J].Environment and ecology,2011,29(1):34-38.
[20]MOHAMMAD M J. Utilization of applied fertilizer nitrogen and irrigation water by drip-fertigated squash as determined by nuclearandtraditionaltechniques[J].Nutrientcyclinginagroecosystems, 2004, 68(1):1-11.
[21]AGRAWAL N, AGRAWAL S. Effect of different levels of drip irrigation on the growth and yield of pomegranate under Chhattisgarh region[J]. Orissa journal of horticulture, 2007, 35:38-46.
[22]HAGIN J, LOWENGART A. Fertigation for minimizing environmental pollution by fertilizers[J]. Fertilizer research,1995, 43(1-3):5-7.
[23]张国桥,王静,刘涛,等.水肥一体化施磷对滴灌玉米产量、磷素营养及磷肥利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1103-1109.
[24]梁林洲,沈仁芳,伊晓云,等.高磷土壤施用磷肥对小白菜和苋菜产量及肥料利用率的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2010,26(1):70-74.