2016年长沙市噪声作业人员职业健康监护分析
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摘要
目的了解2016年长沙市职业性噪声暴露人群健康状况,分析其影响因素,为制定噪声防治策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行学方法,对长沙市2016年生产环境噪声强度监测结果、噪声作业人员健康监护相关结果进行统计,并根据按用人单位特征(行业、经济类型、企业规模)、人口学特征(性别、年龄、工龄)对噪声专项检查结果进行分析。结果 2016年长沙市在岗期间噪声作业专项检查共16 220例,其中1 784例双耳高频平均听阈≥40 d B(高频听力损伤率11.0%),噪声聋24例,疑似噪声聋60例,职业禁忌证151例,生产环境噪声监测超标率23.03%;劳动者随着年龄和工龄的增加,高频听力损伤人数逐渐增加;男性噪声作业人员损伤率高于女性,中型企业高频听力损伤率最高。结论长沙市职业性噪声暴露人群高频听力损失较为严重,应加强金属制品、加工、汽车制造和设备制造等行业的监督与管理,加强中型、微型私有经济企业的接噪工龄长、年龄大、男性劳动者的个人防护。
Objective To understand the health status and its influence factors of noise-exposed workers in Changsha in 2016,in order to provide scientific basis for formulating noise prevention and controlstrategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze noise intensity of production environment monitoring and occupational health surveillance of the workers exposed to occupational noise. According to the characteristics industry, economic type, size,gender, age, length of service, analyzed the related results. Results In2016, 16 220 workers exposed to occupational noise were collected in Changsha,of which 1 784 had high frequency average hearing threshold≥ 40 dB(high-frequency hearing loss(HFHL) rate was 11.0%);24 workers were found had noise-induced hearing loss(NLS), 60 had suspected NLS, 151 had occupational noise-contraindications,production environment noise rate exceeded 23.03%. The number of HFHL increased with the increase of age and working age; the injury rate of male was higher than females, and the HFHL rate of mediumsized enterprises were the highest. Conclusion The workers exposed to occupational noise in Changsha has high rate of HFHL. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision and management of metal products,processing, automobile manufacturing, equipment manufacturing and mining industries, and to strengthen the individual protection of longterm,age-appropriate, male workers who expose to occupational noise in medium-sized and micro-enterprises private economy enterpris e.
Objective To understand the health status and its influence factors of noise-exposed workers in Changsha in 2016,in order to provide scientific basis for formulating noise prevention and controlstrategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze noise intensity of production environment monitoring and occupational health surveillance of the workers exposed to occupational noise. According to the characteristics industry, economic type, size,gender, age, length of service, analyzed the related results. Results In2016, 16 220 workers exposed to occupational noise were collected in Changsha,of which 1 784 had high frequency average hearing threshold≥ 40 dB(high-frequency hearing loss(HFHL) rate was 11.0%);24 workers were found had noise-induced hearing loss(NLS), 60 had suspected NLS, 151 had occupational noise-contraindications,production environment noise rate exceeded 23.03%. The number of HFHL increased with the increase of age and working age; the injury rate of male was higher than females, and the HFHL rate of mediumsized enterprises were the highest. Conclusion The workers exposed to occupational noise in Changsha has high rate of HFHL. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision and management of metal products,processing, automobile manufacturing, equipment manufacturing and mining industries, and to strengthen the individual protection of longterm,age-appropriate, male workers who expose to occupational noise in medium-sized and micro-enterprises private economy enterpris e.
引文
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[7]杨秀英,赵丹萍.2015年石家庄市藁城区噪声作业人员专项检查结果[J].职业与健康,2017,33(13):1750-1753.
[8]刘静,曾强,李梅莉,等.天津市职业性噪声暴露人群健康状况及其影响因素[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2017,28(4):32-35.
[2]钟学飘,朱志良,马争,等.2005-2013年全国职业病发病情况分析[J].实用预防医学,2015,22(7):858-859.
[3]金若刚,王艳,李辉霞.2006-2012长沙市职业病诊断情况分析[J].实用预防医学,2014,21(6):702-704.
[4]金若刚,黄邵玲,罗磊,等.长沙市2013-2015年职业病发病情况分析[J].实用预防医学,2017,24(8):977-979.
[5]王欣,曾强,唐慧晶,等.2006-2015年天津市职业性噪声聋流行趋势及影响因素[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2017,28(2):38-41.
[6]闫芳娟,陈影,傅惠平,等.职业性噪声对接触人群听力影响的4年随访[J].工业卫生与职业病,2016,44(4):253-255.
[7]杨秀英,赵丹萍.2015年石家庄市藁城区噪声作业人员专项检查结果[J].职业与健康,2017,33(13):1750-1753.
[8]刘静,曾强,李梅莉,等.天津市职业性噪声暴露人群健康状况及其影响因素[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2017,28(4):32-35.