温室痕量灌溉条件下施肥量与追肥模式对黄瓜产量和品质的影响
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摘要
【目的】探究痕量灌溉条件下适合温室黄瓜的施肥规律。【方法】采用对照试验方法,设3种总施肥量(高肥、中肥、低肥)和3种底肥与追肥比(K=0、1/3、1),共9个处理,分析了温室黄瓜产量和品质的变化。【结果】(1)在总肥量一定时,K=1/3有利于黄瓜增产;而K值一定时,高肥处理产量最高,中肥处理产量较低于高肥处理,但差距不大。(2)K值一定时,随着总肥量的增加,果实内可溶性糖和Vc量呈现先增后减的趋势,硝酸盐量一直增加,而可溶性固形物量在施中肥后增加趋势减缓;果实内可溶性糖、可溶性固形物和还原型Vc量在施中肥(T5)时基本达到峰值,且显著高于高肥(T8)处理;果实内硝酸盐量在施高肥(T8)时达到峰值;K=1/3时果实内可溶性糖、可溶性固形物和还原型Vc、硝酸盐积累量均高于K=1的。【结论】综合产量与品质各指标,施中肥且K=1/3为更适合痕量灌溉条件下温室黄瓜的施肥模式。
【Objective】The objective of this paper is to explore the most suitable fertilization and top-addressing schedule for solar greenhouse cucumbers under trace irrigation.【Method】We investigated three total fertilizer applications: high, moderate and low fertilization; and three base fertilization to top dressing ratios: K=0,1/3 and 1 respectively; overall, there were nine treatments. In each treatment, we measured the yield and quality of the cucumber using the controlled test method.【Result】(1) K=1/3 was beneficial to the yield when the amount of applied fertilizer was the same; when K was the same, the yield increased with fertilization and topdressing.(2)When K was the same, the soluble total sugar and Vc content in the fruits increased first and then decreased while the nitrate content increased monotonically, as nitrogen fertilization increased. The content of soluble sugar, soluble solids and Vc in the fruits peaked in treatment T5 and was significantly higher than that under high fertilization treatment(T8). The amount of nitrate in the fruits peaked in the high-fertilizer application(T8). When K=1/3,the contents of soluble sugar, soluble solids reduced, and Vc and nitrate accumulation in the fruit were higher than that when K=1.【Conclusion】Moderate fertilization with the base fertilizer to top dressing ratio kept at 1/3 is most suitable for trace-irrigate solar greenhouse cucumber.
【Objective】The objective of this paper is to explore the most suitable fertilization and top-addressing schedule for solar greenhouse cucumbers under trace irrigation.【Method】We investigated three total fertilizer applications: high, moderate and low fertilization; and three base fertilization to top dressing ratios: K=0,1/3 and 1 respectively; overall, there were nine treatments. In each treatment, we measured the yield and quality of the cucumber using the controlled test method.【Result】(1) K=1/3 was beneficial to the yield when the amount of applied fertilizer was the same; when K was the same, the yield increased with fertilization and topdressing.(2)When K was the same, the soluble total sugar and Vc content in the fruits increased first and then decreased while the nitrate content increased monotonically, as nitrogen fertilization increased. The content of soluble sugar, soluble solids and Vc in the fruits peaked in treatment T5 and was significantly higher than that under high fertilization treatment(T8). The amount of nitrate in the fruits peaked in the high-fertilizer application(T8). When K=1/3,the contents of soluble sugar, soluble solids reduced, and Vc and nitrate accumulation in the fruit were higher than that when K=1.【Conclusion】Moderate fertilization with the base fertilizer to top dressing ratio kept at 1/3 is most suitable for trace-irrigate solar greenhouse cucumber.
引文
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[4]张锐,刘洁,诸钧,等.实现作物需水触动式自适应灌溉的痕量灌溉技术分析[J].节水灌溉, 2013(1):48-51.
[5]沈富.痕量灌溉管埋深对沙培黄瓜、基质培西葫芦、土培辣椒生长发育的影响研究[D].银川:宁夏大学, 2015.
[6]丛丽君.自压和加压条件下痕量灌溉管道不同埋深对日光温室番茄产量和品质的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2016.
[7]王志平,周继华,诸钧,等.痕量灌溉在温室大桃上的应用[J].中国园艺文摘, 2011, 27(4):10-11.
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[9]李志军,李静,张富仓,等.水氮供应对温室滴灌施肥黄瓜产量及品质的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 43(12):143-150.
[10]方栋平,吴立峰,张富仓,等.灌水量和滴灌施肥方式对温室黄瓜产量和养分吸收的影响[J].灌溉排水学报, 2016, 35(11):34-41.
[11]于舜章.山东省设施黄瓜水肥一体化滴灌技术应用研究[J].水资源与水工程学报, 2009, 20(6):173-176
[12]陈静,王迎春,李虎,等.滴灌施肥对冬小麦农田土壤NO3--N分布、累积及氮素平衡的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2015,21(4):927-935.
[13]方栋平,张富仓,李静,等.灌水量和滴灌施肥方式对温室黄瓜产量和品质的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2015, 26(6):1 735-1 742.
[14]张学军,赵营,任福聪,等.滴灌条件下施氮量对黄瓜-番茄种植体系中土体NO3--N淋洗的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2007, 25(4):157-162.
[15]张亚南.滴灌表施肥料对土壤水氮运移规律的影响[D].邯郸:河北工程大学, 2015
[16]杨志远,宋健,黄重文,等.痕量灌溉下不同水肥处理对温室黄瓜生长的影响[J].灌溉排水学报, 2017, 36(1):74-78.
[17]方荣杰,江斌伟,房军,等.日光温室地下滴灌条件下黄瓜水氮耦合效应研究[J].节水灌溉, 2015(12):21-24.
[18]王柳,张福墁,魏秀菊,等.不同氮肥水平对日光温室黄瓜品质和产量的影响[J].农业工程学报, 2007, 23(12):225-229.
[19]王丽英,武雪萍,张彦才,等.适宜施氮量保证滴灌日光温室黄瓜番茄产量降低土壤盐分及氮残留[J].农业工程学报, 2015, 31(17):91-98.
[20]张自坤,刘作新,张颖,等.日光温室黄瓜地下滴灌灌溉制度的试验研究[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2008, 26(6):76-81.
[21]张西平,蔡焕杰,王健,等.日光温室膜下滴灌黄瓜需水量与灌溉制度的试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2005, 24(1):41-44.
[2] MITSUBISHI Chem Crop(MITU). Negative pressure difference irrigation system has pair of pipes which connect ends of porous pipe, embedded in soil layer, to separate reservoirs, arranged at lower, to perform forced water flow:JP10323133-A[P]. 1998-09-15.
[3]邹朝望,薛绪掌,张仁铎,等.负水头灌溉原理与装置[J].农业工程学报, 2007, 23(11):17-22.
[4]张锐,刘洁,诸钧,等.实现作物需水触动式自适应灌溉的痕量灌溉技术分析[J].节水灌溉, 2013(1):48-51.
[5]沈富.痕量灌溉管埋深对沙培黄瓜、基质培西葫芦、土培辣椒生长发育的影响研究[D].银川:宁夏大学, 2015.
[6]丛丽君.自压和加压条件下痕量灌溉管道不同埋深对日光温室番茄产量和品质的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2016.
[7]王志平,周继华,诸钧,等.痕量灌溉在温室大桃上的应用[J].中国园艺文摘, 2011, 27(4):10-11.
[8]安顺伟,周继华,刘宝文,等.痕量灌溉条件下不同施肥量对甜椒产量和品质的影响[J].中国园艺文摘, 2013(4):17-18.
[9]李志军,李静,张富仓,等.水氮供应对温室滴灌施肥黄瓜产量及品质的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 43(12):143-150.
[10]方栋平,吴立峰,张富仓,等.灌水量和滴灌施肥方式对温室黄瓜产量和养分吸收的影响[J].灌溉排水学报, 2016, 35(11):34-41.
[11]于舜章.山东省设施黄瓜水肥一体化滴灌技术应用研究[J].水资源与水工程学报, 2009, 20(6):173-176
[12]陈静,王迎春,李虎,等.滴灌施肥对冬小麦农田土壤NO3--N分布、累积及氮素平衡的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2015,21(4):927-935.
[13]方栋平,张富仓,李静,等.灌水量和滴灌施肥方式对温室黄瓜产量和品质的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2015, 26(6):1 735-1 742.
[14]张学军,赵营,任福聪,等.滴灌条件下施氮量对黄瓜-番茄种植体系中土体NO3--N淋洗的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2007, 25(4):157-162.
[15]张亚南.滴灌表施肥料对土壤水氮运移规律的影响[D].邯郸:河北工程大学, 2015
[16]杨志远,宋健,黄重文,等.痕量灌溉下不同水肥处理对温室黄瓜生长的影响[J].灌溉排水学报, 2017, 36(1):74-78.
[17]方荣杰,江斌伟,房军,等.日光温室地下滴灌条件下黄瓜水氮耦合效应研究[J].节水灌溉, 2015(12):21-24.
[18]王柳,张福墁,魏秀菊,等.不同氮肥水平对日光温室黄瓜品质和产量的影响[J].农业工程学报, 2007, 23(12):225-229.
[19]王丽英,武雪萍,张彦才,等.适宜施氮量保证滴灌日光温室黄瓜番茄产量降低土壤盐分及氮残留[J].农业工程学报, 2015, 31(17):91-98.
[20]张自坤,刘作新,张颖,等.日光温室黄瓜地下滴灌灌溉制度的试验研究[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2008, 26(6):76-81.
[21]张西平,蔡焕杰,王健,等.日光温室膜下滴灌黄瓜需水量与灌溉制度的试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2005, 24(1):41-44.