新疆北疆地区奶牛场建设与粪污处理情况分析
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摘要
为了解新疆北疆地区奶牛养殖场建设与粪污处理现状,对9个规模化牛场的牛群规模、牛舍与运动场结构、粪污处理及资源化利用情况进行了统计分析。结果表明,目前新疆北疆地区奶牛场粪污处理方式趋于无害化且粪污处理机械化程度较高,粪污处理与资源化利用方式多样化。研究结果提示,养殖场应重视粪污处理的方法,从而更好地解决粪污处理的问题,该研究可为今后畜牧场建设、粪污处理方式及方向等工作提供借鉴和科学依据。
With the continuous expansion of dairy farm scale,the manure treatment has become one of the key issues in farm management.And with the continuous improvement of mechanization,it is particularly important to deal with the manure of farms.In order to understand the current situation of dairy farm construction and manure treatment in northern Xinjiang,the herd size,structure of cowshed and sports field,manure treatment,and resource utilization of nine large-scale dairy farms in northern Xinjiang are analyzed.The results show that at present,the manure treatment types of dairy cattle in northern Xinjiang tend to be harmless,the mechanization degree of the manure treatment is relatively high,meanwhile,the ways of manure treatment and resource utilization are diversified.With the continuous development of cattle industry in Xinjiang,farms should attach importance to the manure treatment,so as to better solve the problem of manure treatment.This study can providea reference and scientific basis for future livestock farm construction,manure treatment methods,and directions.
With the continuous expansion of dairy farm scale,the manure treatment has become one of the key issues in farm management.And with the continuous improvement of mechanization,it is particularly important to deal with the manure of farms.In order to understand the current situation of dairy farm construction and manure treatment in northern Xinjiang,the herd size,structure of cowshed and sports field,manure treatment,and resource utilization of nine large-scale dairy farms in northern Xinjiang are analyzed.The results show that at present,the manure treatment types of dairy cattle in northern Xinjiang tend to be harmless,the mechanization degree of the manure treatment is relatively high,meanwhile,the ways of manure treatment and resource utilization are diversified.With the continuous development of cattle industry in Xinjiang,farms should attach importance to the manure treatment,so as to better solve the problem of manure treatment.This study can providea reference and scientific basis for future livestock farm construction,manure treatment methods,and directions.
引文
[1]刘鸽,于会举,张培生,等.规模化奶牛场粪污危害及处理方式分析[J].中国乳业,2016(11):28-31.
[2]李如志.家畜环境卫生学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:111-112.
[3] KLOOTWIJK C W,MIDDELAAR C E V,BERENTSEN P B M,et al.Dutch dairy farms after milk quota abolition:Economic and environmental consequences of a new manure policy[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(10):8 384-8 396.
[4] SHIMA E,SVOBODA I F,TSUTSUMI S,et al.Waste management systems of dairy milk cow farms in Japan[J].Water Science&Technology A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research,2002,45(12):63-69.
[5] SMITH K A,WILLIAMS A G.Production and management of milk cow manure in the UK and implications for land application practice[J].Soil Use&Management,2016,32(S1):73-82.
[6] LOYON L.Overview of manure treatment in France[J].Waste Manage,2017,61:516-520.
[7]许怡然.2013年全国16省(区、市)规模奶牛场粪污处理情况调查报告[J].中国乳业,2015(3):13-16.
[8]刘福元,王学进,张云峰,等.寒冷地区规模化奶牛场建设及粪污处理示范的调查分析[J].草食家畜,2013(6):20-25.
[9] JAN HULSEN.奶牛信号:牧场管理的实用指南[M].李胜利主译.武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,2007:29-30.
[10]吴美玲.现代奶牛场的规划与设计[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2014(10):96-97.
[11]刘海源.我国北方地区工厂化奶牛场设计研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010.
[12]段雪梅.奶牛场建设技术标准及防疫管理[J].中兽医学杂志,2017(1):61-62.
[13]林清,陈宏.对《畜禽规模养殖污染防治条例》的解析[J].中国牛业科学,2014,40(1):4-6.
[14]丁凡琳,董晓霞,郭江鹏,等.北京市奶牛养殖场废弃物资源化利用现状、问题及对策[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(4):41-46.
[15]张梦华,王爱芳,黄锡霞,等.非遗传因素对中国荷斯坦牛DHI测定指标的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2015,36(6):35-39.
[16] FRANCISCO RODRIGUEZ,赵新茂.提高奶牛舒适度:选择适用于自动化挤奶系统的牛床垫料[J].中国乳业,2016(7):42-45.
[17]施正香,王盼柳,张丽,等.我国奶牛场粪污处理现状与综合治理技术模式分析[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016,52(14):62-66.
[2]李如志.家畜环境卫生学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:111-112.
[3] KLOOTWIJK C W,MIDDELAAR C E V,BERENTSEN P B M,et al.Dutch dairy farms after milk quota abolition:Economic and environmental consequences of a new manure policy[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(10):8 384-8 396.
[4] SHIMA E,SVOBODA I F,TSUTSUMI S,et al.Waste management systems of dairy milk cow farms in Japan[J].Water Science&Technology A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research,2002,45(12):63-69.
[5] SMITH K A,WILLIAMS A G.Production and management of milk cow manure in the UK and implications for land application practice[J].Soil Use&Management,2016,32(S1):73-82.
[6] LOYON L.Overview of manure treatment in France[J].Waste Manage,2017,61:516-520.
[7]许怡然.2013年全国16省(区、市)规模奶牛场粪污处理情况调查报告[J].中国乳业,2015(3):13-16.
[8]刘福元,王学进,张云峰,等.寒冷地区规模化奶牛场建设及粪污处理示范的调查分析[J].草食家畜,2013(6):20-25.
[9] JAN HULSEN.奶牛信号:牧场管理的实用指南[M].李胜利主译.武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,2007:29-30.
[10]吴美玲.现代奶牛场的规划与设计[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2014(10):96-97.
[11]刘海源.我国北方地区工厂化奶牛场设计研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010.
[12]段雪梅.奶牛场建设技术标准及防疫管理[J].中兽医学杂志,2017(1):61-62.
[13]林清,陈宏.对《畜禽规模养殖污染防治条例》的解析[J].中国牛业科学,2014,40(1):4-6.
[14]丁凡琳,董晓霞,郭江鹏,等.北京市奶牛养殖场废弃物资源化利用现状、问题及对策[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(4):41-46.
[15]张梦华,王爱芳,黄锡霞,等.非遗传因素对中国荷斯坦牛DHI测定指标的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2015,36(6):35-39.
[16] FRANCISCO RODRIGUEZ,赵新茂.提高奶牛舒适度:选择适用于自动化挤奶系统的牛床垫料[J].中国乳业,2016(7):42-45.
[17]施正香,王盼柳,张丽,等.我国奶牛场粪污处理现状与综合治理技术模式分析[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016,52(14):62-66.