准噶尔盆地乌伦古坳陷中-新生代构造演化及成因机制
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摘要
乌伦古坳陷位于准噶尔盆地东北部、阿尔泰山南缘,由北西-南东走向的红岩断阶带、索索泉凹陷和南部斜坡带组成。坳陷内上三叠统直接覆盖在石炭系基底之上,上三叠统和侏罗系发育生长地层,白垩系向红岩断阶带方向超覆沉积在侏罗系顶削蚀不整合面之上,古近系、新近系和第四系较稳定地沉积在白垩系顶小角度不整合面之上。索索泉凹陷中生界底面最深,往南部斜坡带逐渐抬高。红岩断阶带中生界被抬升剥蚀,古生界之上直接覆盖新生界。根据生长地层、不整合面、卷入变形的地层时代判断:早-中三叠世乌伦古坳陷延续了二叠纪的隆升剥蚀格局,地层缺失;晚三叠世-侏罗纪陆梁隆起隆升,在坳陷内沉积生长地层,局部发育逆冲断层;白垩纪为红岩断阶带主形成期,白垩系朝着红岩断阶带超覆沉积于侏罗系之上;古近纪构造变形微弱,沉积较为稳定;新近纪-第四纪发育挤压构造和正断层。乌伦古坳陷中生代受阿尔泰陆内造山作用制约,属于阿尔泰中生代陆内前陆盆地系统的一部分:楔顶带从阿尔泰山不断往南扩展,到白垩纪扩展到乌伦古坳陷红岩断阶带;前隆带位于陆梁隆起,并于晚三叠世-侏罗纪挠曲隆升。古近纪造山作用减弱,乌伦古坳陷区域沉降,地层较稳定沉积。新近纪-第四纪受印度-欧亚板块碰撞作用的远程效应影响,北天山发生陆内造山作用,乌伦古坳陷远离北天山,挤压构造变形相对较弱。新近纪-第四纪正断层为造山间歇期形成的区域性伸展构造,代表了中亚地区晚新生代脉动式冲断作用的一个间歇期。
Located in the northeastern Junggar Basin and the southern Altay Mountains,the Wulungu depression can be divided into the Hongyan step-fault zone,Suosuoquan sag and Southern slope zone,strike NW-SE. The Mesozoic and Cenozoic Erathem developed quite completely: Upper Triassic and the Jurassic growth strata deposited towards the buried Luliang uplift; Cretaceous system deposited onlap the top of the Jurassic; Paleogene,Neogene and Quaternary deposited steadily. The bottom of the Mesozoic Erathem is deepest in the Suosuoquan sag,and rises toward the Southern slope zone gradually. The Mesozoic Erathem in the Hongyan step-fault zone is denuded and the Cenozoic Erathem deposited overlay on the Paleozoic Erathem directly. Based on the growth strata,the unconformity and the involved layer age,we can conclude: during Early to Middle Triassic,the Wulungu depression stay uplift and denudation as the same as Permian,lack of deposit; during Late Triassic to Jurassic,the Luliang uplift rises continuously and the growth strata deposited in the Wulungu depression; the Hongyan step-fault zone formed during the Cretaceous; the thrust structure weakened during Paleogene,and the Paleogene deposited steadily; both thrust and normal faults developed during Neogene to Quaternary. Wulungu depression is mainly controlled by the Altay intracontinental orogenic belts during the Mesozoic Era,and belongs to Altay Mesozoic intracontinental foreland basin system: the wedge-top depozone extends from Altay Mountains towards the south until Cretaceous extends in Hongyan step-fault zone; forebulge zone is in the Luliang uplift and rises during Late Triassic to Jurassic. During Paleogene,with the orogeny weakened,Wulungu depression undergoes the regional subsidence. The North Tianshan intracontinental orogeny formed under the far field effect of the India-Eurasia collision during Neogene to Quaternary. Wulungu depression developed some slight thrust structures because of far from the North Tianshan Mountains,and the normal faults formed during the tectonic pause between two successive thrust pulses under the far field effect of the India-Eurasia collision.
Located in the northeastern Junggar Basin and the southern Altay Mountains,the Wulungu depression can be divided into the Hongyan step-fault zone,Suosuoquan sag and Southern slope zone,strike NW-SE. The Mesozoic and Cenozoic Erathem developed quite completely: Upper Triassic and the Jurassic growth strata deposited towards the buried Luliang uplift; Cretaceous system deposited onlap the top of the Jurassic; Paleogene,Neogene and Quaternary deposited steadily. The bottom of the Mesozoic Erathem is deepest in the Suosuoquan sag,and rises toward the Southern slope zone gradually. The Mesozoic Erathem in the Hongyan step-fault zone is denuded and the Cenozoic Erathem deposited overlay on the Paleozoic Erathem directly. Based on the growth strata,the unconformity and the involved layer age,we can conclude: during Early to Middle Triassic,the Wulungu depression stay uplift and denudation as the same as Permian,lack of deposit; during Late Triassic to Jurassic,the Luliang uplift rises continuously and the growth strata deposited in the Wulungu depression; the Hongyan step-fault zone formed during the Cretaceous; the thrust structure weakened during Paleogene,and the Paleogene deposited steadily; both thrust and normal faults developed during Neogene to Quaternary. Wulungu depression is mainly controlled by the Altay intracontinental orogenic belts during the Mesozoic Era,and belongs to Altay Mesozoic intracontinental foreland basin system: the wedge-top depozone extends from Altay Mountains towards the south until Cretaceous extends in Hongyan step-fault zone; forebulge zone is in the Luliang uplift and rises during Late Triassic to Jurassic. During Paleogene,with the orogeny weakened,Wulungu depression undergoes the regional subsidence. The North Tianshan intracontinental orogeny formed under the far field effect of the India-Eurasia collision during Neogene to Quaternary. Wulungu depression developed some slight thrust structures because of far from the North Tianshan Mountains,and the normal faults formed during the tectonic pause between two successive thrust pulses under the far field effect of the India-Eurasia collision.
引文
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