轨道炮发射状态下复合轨道的温度场分析
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摘要
由于电磁轨道炮发射时通入的电流密度极大,以及电流的绕流现象,会导致轨道和电枢的温度值升高且分布不均匀。由温升引起的轨道和电枢间的作用力会引起轨道内表面的磨损、刨削现象,大大降低了电磁轨道炮的使用寿命。本文应用共形映射的方法得到了轨道和电枢上电流密度的分布,在此基础上,根据电磁热效应得到了轨道的温度场。分析了平头电压作用下轨道和电枢的温度分布。应用COMSOL软件模拟了电磁炮发射过程中的电磁场和温度场,并进一步得到了铜基复合型轨道在发射状态下的温度场。分析了复合层材料性质、几何参数对轨道及电枢温度分布的影响。
Because the current density of the electromagnetic railgun is very large, and the phenomenon of current flow will lead to the increase of the temperature of the rail and armature and the uneven distribution. The interaction between the rail and armature caused by the temperature rise will cause the wear and gouging of the inner surface of the track, which will limit the service life of electromagnetic railgun. In this paper, the distribution of current density on track and armature is obtained by conformal mapping method, on this basis, the temperature field of the track is obtained according to the electromagnetic heating effect. The temperature distribution of rail and armature under the action of flat head voltage is analyzed. The electromagnetic field and temperature field in the process of electromagnetic gun firing were simulated by COMSOL software, furthermore, the temperature field of the copper based composite track is obtained under launching condition. The effects of composite layer material properties and geometrical parameters on the temperature distribution of track and armature are analyzed.
Because the current density of the electromagnetic railgun is very large, and the phenomenon of current flow will lead to the increase of the temperature of the rail and armature and the uneven distribution. The interaction between the rail and armature caused by the temperature rise will cause the wear and gouging of the inner surface of the track, which will limit the service life of electromagnetic railgun. In this paper, the distribution of current density on track and armature is obtained by conformal mapping method, on this basis, the temperature field of the track is obtained according to the electromagnetic heating effect. The temperature distribution of rail and armature under the action of flat head voltage is analyzed. The electromagnetic field and temperature field in the process of electromagnetic gun firing were simulated by COMSOL software, furthermore, the temperature field of the copper based composite track is obtained under launching condition. The effects of composite layer material properties and geometrical parameters on the temperature distribution of track and armature are analyzed.
引文
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[15] 米海耶夫M A.传热学基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1958:338-378.MIHAEEV M A.Basis of heat transfer[M].Beijing:High Education Press,1958:338-378.
[2] FAIR H D.Electromagnetic launch science and technology in the United States enters a new era[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetic,2005,41(1):158-164.
[3] MCNAB I R,BEACH F C.Naval railgun[J].IEEE Transactics on Magnetics,2007,43(1):463-468.
[4] 张颖异,李运刚,田颖.高导电高耐磨铜基复合材料的研究进展[J].稀有金属与硬质合金,2011,39(3):48-53.ZHANG Y Y,LI Y G,TIAN Y.The latest development of copper-based composite materials with high wear resistance and electrical conductivity[J].Rare Metals and Cemented Carbides,2011,39(3):48-53.
[5] 李洪波,王依敬,顾勇飞,等.H13钢表面喷涂Cr3C2-NiCr和Ni60A涂层的结合强度及耐磨性研究[J].燕山大学学报,2017,41(6):496-502.LI H B,WANG Y J,GU Y F.et al.Bonding strength and wear resistance of Cr3C2-NiCr and Ni60A thermal spray coatings on H13 steel surface[J].Journal of Yanshan University,2017,41(6):496-502.
[6] 王微,战再吉,唐琪,等.Ti2AlN-La2O3/Cu复合材料的界面反应与性能[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2015,44(5):1177-1180.WANG W,ZHAN Z J,TANG Q,et al.Interfacial reaction and properties of Ti2AlN-La2O3/Cu composite[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2015,44(5):1177-1180.
[7] 李强,范长增,贾元智,等.电磁轨道炮轨道与电枢中的焦耳热分析[J].弹道学报,2006,18(4):38-44.LI Q,FAN C Z,JIA Y Z,et al.Rail and armature Joule heating of an electromagnetic rail gun[J].Journal of Ballistics,2006,18(4):38-44.
[8] 徐伟东,袁伟群,陈允,等.电磁轨道发射器连续发射的滑动电接触[J].强激光与粒子束,2012,24(3):668-672.XU W D,YUAN W Q,CHEN Y,et al.Sliding electrical contact performance of electromagnetic launcher system in rapid fire mode[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2012,24(3):668-672.
[9] 张豪,谢龙,高俊杰,等.电磁轨道炮轨道形状对电流分布的影响[J].火炮发射与控制学报,2016,37(4):48-53.ZHANG H,XIE L,GAO J J,et al.The influence of rail shape on the current distribution in electromagnetic railgun[J].Journal of Gun Launch &Control,2016,37(4):48-53.
[10] 乔志明,雷彬,吕庆敖,等.轨道炮枢/轨接触界面温度仿真分析[J].装甲兵工程学院学报,2016,30(4):62-67.QIAO Z M,LEI B,Lü Q A,et al.Simulation and analysis of the temperature distribution near the armature-rail interface in a railgun system[J].Journal of Academy of Armored Force Engineering,2016,30(4):62-67.
[11] 林灵淑,赵莹,袁伟群等.电磁轨道发射的瞬态温度效应[J].高电压技术,2016,42(9):2864-2870.LIN L S,ZHAO Y,YUAN W Q,et al.Thermal effect analysis of railgun tests under transient conditions[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(9):2864-2870.
[12] 田振国,安雪云.复合型电磁轨道的多物理场耦合分析[J].火炮发射与控制学报,2017,38(3):1-6.TIAN Z G,AN X Y.Multi physical field coupling analysis of composite electromagnetic track[J].Journal of Gun Launch &Control,2017,38(3):1-4.
[13] 王新稳.复解析保角变换在电磁工程中的应用研究[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,2011.WANG X W.Complex analytical conformal mapping application in the electromagnetic engineering[D].Xi’An:Xidian University,2011.
[14] 俎栋林.电动力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006:48-136.ZU D L.Electrodynamics[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2006:48-136.
[15] 米海耶夫M A.传热学基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1958:338-378.MIHAEEV M A.Basis of heat transfer[M].Beijing:High Education Press,1958:338-378.