养殖密度对瓦氏黄颡鱼幼鱼生长品质和生化指标的影响
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摘要
为探讨养殖密度对瓦氏黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能、肌肉成分、血液生理生化指标的影响,选用初始体重为(25.23±0.09)g的瓦氏黄颡鱼幼鱼,分别设置G1、G2、G3、G4试验组,养殖密度分别为0.50、1.01、1.51、2.02kg·m~(-3)(即20、40、60、80尾·m~(-3)),在循环水养殖系统中进行60d的养殖试验。结果表明,幼鱼的终末体长、终末体重、特定生长率、肥满度随养殖密度增大而下降,饲料系数则呈上升趋势;G1组瓦氏黄颡鱼幼鱼终末体长、终末体重、特定生长率、肥满度、存活率显著高于G3组和G4组(P<0.05),但G1、G2组鱼体肥满度、饲料系数及存活率无显著差异(P>0.05)。肌肉中蛋白质含量随养殖密度增加而上升,脂肪含量则呈下降趋势,G1组瓦氏黄颡鱼肌肉蛋白质含量显著低于其他处理组(P<0.05),脂肪含量显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05)。血液白蛋白、溶菌酶水平随养殖密度增高呈下降趋势(P<0.05),G1组显著高于G3、G4组(P<0.05);谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶水平随养殖密度增高呈升高趋势(P<0.05),G1、G2组显著低于G3、G4组(P<0.05);在试验条件下,养殖密度对鱼体抗氧化能力影响不显著(P>0.05)。综合分析,在本试验条件下,体质量为(25.23±0.09)g的瓦氏黄颡鱼适宜放养密度约为1.01kg·m~(-3),该结果可为工厂化养殖提供参考依据。
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of stocking density on growth,muscle composition and blood parameters of Pelteobagrus vachelli juveniles.A 60 day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of stocking density on growth,muscle composition and blood parameters of juvenile yellow catfish(Pelteobagrus vachelli).A total of 600 juvenile yellow catfish with an initial body weight of(25.23±0.09)g were randomly distributed into four different stocking density groups with 3 replicates per group of G1(0.50 kg· m~(-3),20 fish·m~(-3)),G2(1.01 kg·m~(-3),40 fish·m~(-3)),G3(1.51 kg·m~(-3),60 fish·m~(-3)),G4(2.02 kg·m~(-3),80 fish·m~(-3)).The results showed that the growth and feed coefficient of juvenile yellow catfish were effected significantly by stocking density(P <0.05).Final body length,final body weight,specific growth rate and condition factor decreased with an increase in stocking density,whereas the feed coefficient showed the opposite tendency(P<0.05).Final body length,final body weight,specific growth rate,condition factor and survive rate of fish in G1 were higher than those in G3 and G4(P<0.05),but the condition factor,feed coefficient and survive rate of G1 and G2 were with no significant difference(P>0.05).Muscle protein content increased significantly with the increase in stocking density,whereas muscle lipid content decreased significantly(P<0.05).Muscle protein content of fish in G1 was lower than others,whereas the lipid content showed the opposite tendency(P<0.05).Lower stocking density groups had higher albumin content and lysozyme activity in blood(P<0.05),whereas glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase activities showed the opposite tendency(P<0.05).No significant difference was observed in blood total antioxidant capacity among all groups(P>0.05).In conclusion,1.01 kg·m~(-3) was considered to be a suitable stocking density for juvenile yellow catfish with an initial body weight of(25.23±0.09)g.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of stocking density on growth,muscle composition and blood parameters of Pelteobagrus vachelli juveniles.A 60 day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of stocking density on growth,muscle composition and blood parameters of juvenile yellow catfish(Pelteobagrus vachelli).A total of 600 juvenile yellow catfish with an initial body weight of(25.23±0.09)g were randomly distributed into four different stocking density groups with 3 replicates per group of G1(0.50 kg· m~(-3),20 fish·m~(-3)),G2(1.01 kg·m~(-3),40 fish·m~(-3)),G3(1.51 kg·m~(-3),60 fish·m~(-3)),G4(2.02 kg·m~(-3),80 fish·m~(-3)).The results showed that the growth and feed coefficient of juvenile yellow catfish were effected significantly by stocking density(P <0.05).Final body length,final body weight,specific growth rate and condition factor decreased with an increase in stocking density,whereas the feed coefficient showed the opposite tendency(P<0.05).Final body length,final body weight,specific growth rate,condition factor and survive rate of fish in G1 were higher than those in G3 and G4(P<0.05),but the condition factor,feed coefficient and survive rate of G1 and G2 were with no significant difference(P>0.05).Muscle protein content increased significantly with the increase in stocking density,whereas muscle lipid content decreased significantly(P<0.05).Muscle protein content of fish in G1 was lower than others,whereas the lipid content showed the opposite tendency(P<0.05).Lower stocking density groups had higher albumin content and lysozyme activity in blood(P<0.05),whereas glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase activities showed the opposite tendency(P<0.05).No significant difference was observed in blood total antioxidant capacity among all groups(P>0.05).In conclusion,1.01 kg·m~(-3) was considered to be a suitable stocking density for juvenile yellow catfish with an initial body weight of(25.23±0.09)g.
引文
[1]田照辉,徐邵刚,王巍,等.急性热应激对西伯利亚鲟HSP70mRNA表达、血清皮质醇和非特异性免疫的影响[J].水生生物学报,2013,37(2):344-350.
[2]黄莹,朱晓鸣,解绶启,等.西伯利亚鲟在高温下饥饿后的补偿生长[J].水生生物学报,2011,34(6):1113-1121.
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[4]ZHU Y J,YANG D G,CHEN J W,et al.An evaluation of stocking density in the cage culture efficiency of Amur sturgeon(Acipenser schrenckii)[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2011,27(2):545-549.
[5]曹阳,李二超,陈立侨,等.养殖密度对俄罗斯鲟鱼的生长、生理和免疫指标的影响[J].水生生物学报,2014,38(5):968-974.
[6]逯尚尉,刘兆普,余燕.密度胁迫对点带石斑鱼幼鱼生长、代谢的影响[J].中国水产科学,2011,18(2):322-328.
[7]SALAS-LEITON E,ANGUIS V,MARTN-ANTONIO B,et al.Effects of stocking density and feed ration on growth and gene expression in the Senegalese sole(Solea senegalensis):Potential effects on the immune response[J].Fish Shellfish Immunol,2010,28(2):296-302.
[8]程佳佳,李吉方,温海深,等.养殖密度对杂交鲟幼鱼生长、肌肉组分和血液生理生化指标的影响[J].中国水产科学,2015,22(3):433-441.
[9]刘晓勇,齐茜,王国峰,等.养殖密度对饲料驯化期西伯利亚鲟生长的影响[J].淡水渔业,2012,42(5):79-82.
[10]牛凤池,黄燕华,曹俊明,等.5种添加剂对黄颡鱼生长性能、体成分及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(7):2176-2183.
[11]张世亮,艾庆辉,徐玮,等.饲料中糖/脂肪比例对瓦氏黄颡鱼生长、饲料利用、血糖水平和肝脏糖酵解酶活力的影响[J].水生生物学报,2012,36(3):466-473.
[12]杨晴,杨锐,周岐存,等.褐藻糖胶对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能和消化酶活性的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(7):1880-1887.
[13]白东清,吴旋,郭永军,等.长期投喂黄芪多糖对黄颡鱼抗氧化及非特异性免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(9):1622-1630.
[14]SHELBOURN J E,BRETT J R,SHIRAHATA S.Effect of temperature and feeding regimes on the specific growth rate of sockeye salmon fry(Oncorhynchus nerka),with a consideration of size effect[J].Fisheries Research Board of Canada,2011,30:1191-1194.
[15]CHRISTIANSEN J S,SVENDSEN Y S,JOBLING M,et al.The combined effects of stocking density and sustained exercise on the behaviour,food intake,and growth of juvenile Arctic charr(Salvelinus alpines L.)[J].Canadian Journal of Zoology,1992,70(1):115-122.
[16]ROWLAND S J,MIFSUD C,NIXON M,et al.Effects of stocking density on the performance of the Australian freshwater silver perch(Bidyanus bidyanus)in cages[J].Aquaculture,2006,253(1-4):301-308.
[17]RAFATNEZHAD S,FALAHATKAR B,GILANI M H T.Effects of stocking density on haematological parameters,growth and fin erosion of great sturgeon(Huso huso)juveniles[J].Aquaculture Research,2008,39(14):1506-1513.
[18]黄宁宇,夏连军,么宗利.养殖密度和温度对白斑狗鱼在设施养殖中生长的影响[J].水产学报,2006,30(1):76-80.
[19]孙大川,谭洪新,罗国芝,等.养殖密度对宝石鲈生长性能和血液生化指标的影响[J].渔业现代化,2009,3(2):12-15.
[20]CELIKKALE M S,MEMIS D,ERCAN E,et al.Growth performance of juvenile Russian sturgeon(Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt&Rztzenburg,1833)at two stocking densities in net cages[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2005,21(1):14-18.
[21]JORGENSEN E H,CHRISTIANSEN J S,JOBLING M.Effects of stocking density on food intake,growth performance and oxygen consumption in Arctic charr(Salvelinus slpinus)[J].Aquaculture,1993,110:191-204.
[22]任源远,温海深,李吉方,等.池塘放养密度对施氏鲟幼鱼生长、摄食和肌肉组分的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2014,29(1):45-50.
[23]TOLUSSI C E,HILSDORF A W S,CANEPPELE D,et al.The effect of stocking density in physiological parameters and growth of the endangered teleost species piabanba,Brycon insignis(Steindachner,1877)[J].Aquaculture,2010,310:221-228.
[24]TOKO I,FIOGBE E D,KOUKPODE B,et al.Rearing of African catfish(Clarias gariepinus)and vundu catfish(Heterobranchus longifilis)in traditional fish ponds(whedos):Effects of stocking density on growth,production and body composition[J].Aquaculture,2007,262(1):65-72.
[25]李小勤,李星星,冷向军,等.盐度对草鱼生长和肌肉品质的影响[J].水产学报,2007,31(3):343-348.
[26]HEGAZI M M,ATTIA Z I,ASHOUR O A.Oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes in liver and white muscle of Nile tilapia juveniles in chronic ammonia exposure[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2010,99(2):118-125.
[27]罗国芝,刘刚,谭洪新.半封闭循环水养殖系统中高体革鯻养殖密度研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2012,21(2):218-224.
[28]NI M,WEN H,LI J,et al.The physiological performance and immune responses of juvenile Amur sturgeon(Acipenser schrenckii)to stocking density and hypoxia stress[J].Fish Shellfish Immunol,2014,36(2):325-335.
[29]强俊,徐跑,何杰,等.氨氮与拥挤胁迫对吉福品系尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼生长和肝脏抗氧化指标的联合影响[J].水产学报,2011,35(12):1837-1848.
[30]陈晨,黄峰,舒秋艳,等.共轭亚油酸对草鱼生长、肌肉成分、谷草转氨酶及谷丙转氨酶活性的影响[J].水生生物学报,2010,34(3):647-651.
[31]张曦文,吴垠,贺如靖,等.循环水养殖模式下养殖密度对青石斑鱼生长及生理指标的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2012,27(6):518-523.
[2]黄莹,朱晓鸣,解绶启,等.西伯利亚鲟在高温下饥饿后的补偿生长[J].水生生物学报,2011,34(6):1113-1121.
[3]NIEUWEGIESSEN P G,OLWO J,KHONG S,et al.Effects of age and stocking density on the welfare of African catfish,Clarias gariepinus Burchell[J].Aquaculture,2009,288(1):60-75.
[4]ZHU Y J,YANG D G,CHEN J W,et al.An evaluation of stocking density in the cage culture efficiency of Amur sturgeon(Acipenser schrenckii)[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2011,27(2):545-549.
[5]曹阳,李二超,陈立侨,等.养殖密度对俄罗斯鲟鱼的生长、生理和免疫指标的影响[J].水生生物学报,2014,38(5):968-974.
[6]逯尚尉,刘兆普,余燕.密度胁迫对点带石斑鱼幼鱼生长、代谢的影响[J].中国水产科学,2011,18(2):322-328.
[7]SALAS-LEITON E,ANGUIS V,MARTN-ANTONIO B,et al.Effects of stocking density and feed ration on growth and gene expression in the Senegalese sole(Solea senegalensis):Potential effects on the immune response[J].Fish Shellfish Immunol,2010,28(2):296-302.
[8]程佳佳,李吉方,温海深,等.养殖密度对杂交鲟幼鱼生长、肌肉组分和血液生理生化指标的影响[J].中国水产科学,2015,22(3):433-441.
[9]刘晓勇,齐茜,王国峰,等.养殖密度对饲料驯化期西伯利亚鲟生长的影响[J].淡水渔业,2012,42(5):79-82.
[10]牛凤池,黄燕华,曹俊明,等.5种添加剂对黄颡鱼生长性能、体成分及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(7):2176-2183.
[11]张世亮,艾庆辉,徐玮,等.饲料中糖/脂肪比例对瓦氏黄颡鱼生长、饲料利用、血糖水平和肝脏糖酵解酶活力的影响[J].水生生物学报,2012,36(3):466-473.
[12]杨晴,杨锐,周岐存,等.褐藻糖胶对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能和消化酶活性的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(7):1880-1887.
[13]白东清,吴旋,郭永军,等.长期投喂黄芪多糖对黄颡鱼抗氧化及非特异性免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(9):1622-1630.
[14]SHELBOURN J E,BRETT J R,SHIRAHATA S.Effect of temperature and feeding regimes on the specific growth rate of sockeye salmon fry(Oncorhynchus nerka),with a consideration of size effect[J].Fisheries Research Board of Canada,2011,30:1191-1194.
[15]CHRISTIANSEN J S,SVENDSEN Y S,JOBLING M,et al.The combined effects of stocking density and sustained exercise on the behaviour,food intake,and growth of juvenile Arctic charr(Salvelinus alpines L.)[J].Canadian Journal of Zoology,1992,70(1):115-122.
[16]ROWLAND S J,MIFSUD C,NIXON M,et al.Effects of stocking density on the performance of the Australian freshwater silver perch(Bidyanus bidyanus)in cages[J].Aquaculture,2006,253(1-4):301-308.
[17]RAFATNEZHAD S,FALAHATKAR B,GILANI M H T.Effects of stocking density on haematological parameters,growth and fin erosion of great sturgeon(Huso huso)juveniles[J].Aquaculture Research,2008,39(14):1506-1513.
[18]黄宁宇,夏连军,么宗利.养殖密度和温度对白斑狗鱼在设施养殖中生长的影响[J].水产学报,2006,30(1):76-80.
[19]孙大川,谭洪新,罗国芝,等.养殖密度对宝石鲈生长性能和血液生化指标的影响[J].渔业现代化,2009,3(2):12-15.
[20]CELIKKALE M S,MEMIS D,ERCAN E,et al.Growth performance of juvenile Russian sturgeon(Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt&Rztzenburg,1833)at two stocking densities in net cages[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2005,21(1):14-18.
[21]JORGENSEN E H,CHRISTIANSEN J S,JOBLING M.Effects of stocking density on food intake,growth performance and oxygen consumption in Arctic charr(Salvelinus slpinus)[J].Aquaculture,1993,110:191-204.
[22]任源远,温海深,李吉方,等.池塘放养密度对施氏鲟幼鱼生长、摄食和肌肉组分的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2014,29(1):45-50.
[23]TOLUSSI C E,HILSDORF A W S,CANEPPELE D,et al.The effect of stocking density in physiological parameters and growth of the endangered teleost species piabanba,Brycon insignis(Steindachner,1877)[J].Aquaculture,2010,310:221-228.
[24]TOKO I,FIOGBE E D,KOUKPODE B,et al.Rearing of African catfish(Clarias gariepinus)and vundu catfish(Heterobranchus longifilis)in traditional fish ponds(whedos):Effects of stocking density on growth,production and body composition[J].Aquaculture,2007,262(1):65-72.
[25]李小勤,李星星,冷向军,等.盐度对草鱼生长和肌肉品质的影响[J].水产学报,2007,31(3):343-348.
[26]HEGAZI M M,ATTIA Z I,ASHOUR O A.Oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes in liver and white muscle of Nile tilapia juveniles in chronic ammonia exposure[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2010,99(2):118-125.
[27]罗国芝,刘刚,谭洪新.半封闭循环水养殖系统中高体革鯻养殖密度研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2012,21(2):218-224.
[28]NI M,WEN H,LI J,et al.The physiological performance and immune responses of juvenile Amur sturgeon(Acipenser schrenckii)to stocking density and hypoxia stress[J].Fish Shellfish Immunol,2014,36(2):325-335.
[29]强俊,徐跑,何杰,等.氨氮与拥挤胁迫对吉福品系尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼生长和肝脏抗氧化指标的联合影响[J].水产学报,2011,35(12):1837-1848.
[30]陈晨,黄峰,舒秋艳,等.共轭亚油酸对草鱼生长、肌肉成分、谷草转氨酶及谷丙转氨酶活性的影响[J].水生生物学报,2010,34(3):647-651.
[31]张曦文,吴垠,贺如靖,等.循环水养殖模式下养殖密度对青石斑鱼生长及生理指标的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2012,27(6):518-523.