饲料精氨酸水平对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能、消化吸收相关指标、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究饲料精氨酸水平对黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)幼鱼生长性能、消化吸收相关指标、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响。选取初始体均重为(1.13±0.02) g的黄颡鱼幼鱼700尾,随机分为5组(每组4个重复,每个重复35尾鱼),分别投喂精氨酸水平为2.44%、2.64%、2.81%、3.01%和3.23%的等氮等脂试验饲料(蛋白质水平为42%,脂肪水平为9%)。试验期56 d。结果显示:1)与3.23%组相比,2.64%组和2.81%组黄颡鱼幼鱼的增重率(WGR)显著升高(P<0.05),2.64%组、2.81%组和3.01%组黄颡鱼幼鱼的饲料系数(FCR)显著降低(P<0.05)。2)黄颡鱼幼鱼的胃蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性在3. 01%组达到最高,显著高于2. 44%组(P <0.05); 2.81%组和3.01%组黄颡鱼幼鱼的胃脂肪酶活性显著高于其他各组(P <0. 05); 2. 64%、2.81%组、3. 23%组黄颡鱼幼鱼的肝脏淀粉酶活性显著高于2. 44%组(P <0. 05)。2. 64%组、2.81%组、3.01%组和3.23%组黄颡鱼幼鱼的肠道碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性显著高于2.44%组(P<0.05); 2.64%组、2.81%组黄颡鱼幼鱼的肠道γ-谷氨酰转移酶(γ-GT)活性显著高于2.44%组、3.01%组和3.23%组(P<0.05)。3) 2.81%组和3.01%组黄颡鱼幼鱼的血清一氧化氮(NO)含量显著高于2.44%组(P<0.05),2.64%组、2.81%组、3.01%组和3.23%组黄颡鱼幼鱼的血清白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)含量均显著低于2.44%组(P<0.05),2.81%组黄颡鱼幼鱼的血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量显著低于2.44%组和2.64%组(P<0.05)。4) 2.64%组黄颡鱼幼鱼血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于2.44%组(P<0.05),3.01%组黄颡鱼幼鱼血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于2.64%组(P<0.05)。由此得出,饲料中适宜水平的精氨酸可提高黄颡鱼幼鱼的WGR,降低FCR,增强消化吸收能力、免疫功能和抗氧化能力。以黄颡鱼幼鱼的WGR和血清NO含量为评价指标,经二次回归模型分析得出黄颡鱼幼鱼对饲料中精氨酸的需求量分别为2.74%(占饲料蛋白质的6.45%)和2.94%(占饲料蛋白质的6.92%)。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary arginine level on growth performance,digestive and absorptive related indexes,immune function and antioxidant ability of juvenile yellowcatfish( Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets( 42% protein and 9% lipid) were formulated to contain graded levels of arginine( 2.44%,2.64%,2.81%,3.01% and 3.23% of diet,respectively). Seven hundred juvenile yellowcatfish with an initial average body weight of( 1. 13 ± 0. 02) g were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 replicates of 35 fish each and each group was fed one of the diets. The experiment lasted for 56 days. The results showed as follows: 1) the weight gain rate( WGR) of juvenile yellowcatfish in 2.64% and 2. 81% groups was significantly higher than that in 3. 23% group( P < 0. 05). The feed conversion ratio( FCR) of juvenile yellowcatfish in 2.64%,2.81% and 3.01% groups was significantly decreased when compared with 3. 23% group( P < 0. 05). 2) The activities of stomach protease and amylase in3.01% group were significantly higher than those in 2.44% group( P < 0.05),and the activity of stomach lipase in 2.81% and 3.01% groups was significantly higher than that in other groups( P<0.05). The activity of liver amylase in 2.64%,2. 81% and 3. 23% groups was significantly higher than that in 2. 44% group( P <0.05). The activity of intestinal alkaline phosphatase( AKP) in 2. 64%,2. 81%,3. 01% and 3. 23% groups was significantly higher than that in 2.44% group( P < 0.05). The activity of intestinal γ-glutamyl transferase(γ-GT) in 2.64% and 2.81% groups was significantly higher than that in 2.44%,3.01% and 3.23% groups(P<0.05). 3) Serum nitric oxide(NO) content in 2.81% and 3.01% groups was significantly higher than that in 2.44% group( P < 0. 05). The content of serum interleukin-1β( IL-1β) in 2. 64%,2. 81%,3. 01% and3.23% groups was significantly lower than that in 2.44% group( P<0.05),and the content of serum interleukin-6( IL-6) in 2.81% group was significantly lower than that in 2. 44% and 2. 64% groups( P < 0. 05). 4)The serum glutathion peroxidase( GSH-Px) and catalase( CAT) activities in 2.64% group were significantly higher than those in 2.44% group( P < 0. 05). The serum malondialdehyde( MDA) content in 3. 01% group was significantly lower than that in 2.64% group( P<0.05). In conclusion,optimal dietary arginine level can increase the WGR,decrease FCR,and enhance the digestion and absorption capacity,immune function and antioxidant ability of juvenile yellowcatfish. A quadratic regression analysis on WGR or serum NO content against dietary arginine level indicate that dietary arginine requirement of juvenile yellowcatfish is estimated to be 2.74% or 2.94% of diet( 6.45% or 6.92 of dietary protein).
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary arginine level on growth performance,digestive and absorptive related indexes,immune function and antioxidant ability of juvenile yellowcatfish( Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets( 42% protein and 9% lipid) were formulated to contain graded levels of arginine( 2.44%,2.64%,2.81%,3.01% and 3.23% of diet,respectively). Seven hundred juvenile yellowcatfish with an initial average body weight of( 1. 13 ± 0. 02) g were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 replicates of 35 fish each and each group was fed one of the diets. The experiment lasted for 56 days. The results showed as follows: 1) the weight gain rate( WGR) of juvenile yellowcatfish in 2.64% and 2. 81% groups was significantly higher than that in 3. 23% group( P < 0. 05). The feed conversion ratio( FCR) of juvenile yellowcatfish in 2.64%,2.81% and 3.01% groups was significantly decreased when compared with 3. 23% group( P < 0. 05). 2) The activities of stomach protease and amylase in3.01% group were significantly higher than those in 2.44% group( P < 0.05),and the activity of stomach lipase in 2.81% and 3.01% groups was significantly higher than that in other groups( P<0.05). The activity of liver amylase in 2.64%,2. 81% and 3. 23% groups was significantly higher than that in 2. 44% group( P <0.05). The activity of intestinal alkaline phosphatase( AKP) in 2. 64%,2. 81%,3. 01% and 3. 23% groups was significantly higher than that in 2.44% group( P < 0.05). The activity of intestinal γ-glutamyl transferase(γ-GT) in 2.64% and 2.81% groups was significantly higher than that in 2.44%,3.01% and 3.23% groups(P<0.05). 3) Serum nitric oxide(NO) content in 2.81% and 3.01% groups was significantly higher than that in 2.44% group( P < 0. 05). The content of serum interleukin-1β( IL-1β) in 2. 64%,2. 81%,3. 01% and3.23% groups was significantly lower than that in 2.44% group( P<0.05),and the content of serum interleukin-6( IL-6) in 2.81% group was significantly lower than that in 2. 44% and 2. 64% groups( P < 0. 05). 4)The serum glutathion peroxidase( GSH-Px) and catalase( CAT) activities in 2.64% group were significantly higher than those in 2.44% group( P < 0. 05). The serum malondialdehyde( MDA) content in 3. 01% group was significantly lower than that in 2.64% group( P<0.05). In conclusion,optimal dietary arginine level can increase the WGR,decrease FCR,and enhance the digestion and absorption capacity,immune function and antioxidant ability of juvenile yellowcatfish. A quadratic regression analysis on WGR or serum NO content against dietary arginine level indicate that dietary arginine requirement of juvenile yellowcatfish is estimated to be 2.74% or 2.94% of diet( 6.45% or 6.92 of dietary protein).
引文
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[2]罗智,刘永坚,麦康森,等.鱼类精氨酸需求研究进展[J].水产学报,2004,28(4):450-459.
[3] YUE Y R,ZOU Z Y,ZHU J L,et al.Effects of dietary arginine on grow th performance,feed utilization,haematological parameters and non-specific immune responses of juvenile Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus L.)[J]. Aquaculture Research,2015,46(8):1801-1809.
[4] POHLENZ C,BUENTELLO A,LE J HELLAND S,et al. Effects of dietary arginine supplementation on grow th,protein optimization and innate immune response of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus(Rafinesque 1818)[J]. Aquaculture Research,2014,45(3):491-500.
[5] LUO Z,LIU Y J,MAI K S,et al.Effects of dietary arginine levels on grow th performance and body composition of juvenile grouper Epinephelus coioides[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2007,23(3):252-257.
[6] CHENG Z Y,BUENTELLO A,GATLIN III D M.Effects of dietary arginine and glutamine on grow th performance,immune responses and intestinal structure of red drum,Sciaenops ocellatus[J]. Aquaculture,2011,319(1/2):247-252.
[7] OEHME M,GRAMMES F,TAKLE H,et al. Dietary supplementation of glutamate and arginine to Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.)increases grow th during the first autumn in sea[J].Aquaculture,2010,310(1/2):156-163.
[8]李波,樊启学,张磊,等.不同溶氧水平下氨氮和亚硝酸盐对黄颡鱼的急性毒性研究[J].淡水渔业,2009,39(2):31-35.
[9]黄钧,杨淞,覃志彪,等.云斑、泥鳅和瓦氏黄颡鱼的含肉率及营养价值比较研究[J].水生生物学报,2010,34(5):990-997.
[10] PAN J L,DING S Y,GE J C,et al. Development of cryopreservation for maintaining yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco sperm[J]. Aquaculture,2008,279(1/2/3/4):173-176.
[11] GAO C,YANG R B,HU W B,et al.Ontogeny of the stomach in yellow catfish(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco):detection and quantifictation of pepsinogen and H+/K+-ATPase gene expression[J]. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2013,97(1):20-26.
[12] ZHOU Q C,JIN M,ELMADA Z C,et al.Growth,immune response and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila of juvenile yellow catfish,Pelteobagrus fulvidraco,fed diets w ith different arginine levels[J]. Aquaculture,2015,437:84-91.
[13]沈勇,邱其浚,孙龙生,等.饲料精氨酸/赖氨酸配比对黄颡鱼生长及消化性能的影响[J].水产科学,2018,37(2):152-158.
[14] CHEN Q M,ZHAO H X,HUANG Y H,et al.Effects of dietary arginine levels on grow th performance,body composition,serum biochemical indices and resistance ability against ammonia-nitrogen stress in juvenile yellow catfish(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)[J]. Animal Nutrition,2016,2(3):204-210.
[15] ZHAO H X,CAO J M,HUANG Y H,et al.Effects of dietary nucleotides on grow th,physiological parameters and antioxidant responses of juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco[J]. Aquaculture Research,2017,48(1):214-222.
[16]孙纪伟,齐遵利.β-葡聚糖对江黄颡鱼生长性能、血清生化指标的影响[J].河北渔业,2017(3):1-4.
[17] AOAC. Official methods of analysis[S]. 14th ed.Washington,D. C.:Association of Official Analytical Chemists,1984:152-163.
[18] REN M C,AI Q H,MAI K S. Dietary arginine requirement of juvenile cobia(Rachycentron canadum)[J].Aquaculture Research,2014,45(2):225-233.
[19] BERGE G E,LIED E,SVEIER H.Nutrition of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar):the requirement and metabolism of arginine[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Physiology,1997,117(4):501-509.
[20]廖英杰,刘波,任鸣春,等.精氨酸对团头鲂幼鱼生长、血清游离精氨酸和赖氨酸、血液生化及免疫指标的影响[J].中国水产科学,2014,21(3):549-559.
[21] ALAM M S,TESHIMA S I,KOSHIO S,et al. Arginine requirement of juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus estimated by grow th and biochemical parameters[J]. Aquaculture,2002,205(1/2):127-140.
[22]孙翰昌,徐敬明,庞敏.饲料蛋白水平对瓦氏黄颡鱼消化酶活性的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2010,3(2):84-88.
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