中国大数据政策体系演化研究
|
摘要
本文通过构建"政策工具-政策主题词"二维分析框架,将2000年作为我国大数据政策研究的起点,对2000年以来国家层面有关大数据发展的政策文本进行了分析,从大数据政策的演进脉络、政策关系网络、政策主题词演进态势以及政策工具的使用情况等四个方面分析大数据政策文本内容。本文所选取的大数据政策文本均来源于公开的数据资料,主要从中国政府网、各部委部委网站搜集。为较为全面的反映我国大数据政策现状,通过检索关键词"大数据"、"互联网"、"人工智能"、"信息化"、"云计算"等关键词获得原始政策文本,在此基础上筛选出94项与大数据相关的政策文本作为分析对象,进行文本量化研究。研究结果表明:我国大数据政策发展,经历了从强调基础设施建设到关注产业培育与创新,再到构建大数据政策体系的发展过程。在大数据政策体系发展的第一阶段,中央政府主要关注大数据相关的基础设施建设;在第二阶段,中央政府重点推动物联网、云计算、大数据的研发和示范应用工程,并提出发展战略性新兴产业;第三阶段为我国大数据政策体系建设阶段,我国将大数据发展作为国家战略,作为基础性战略资源,全面促进大数据发展。在发展的不同阶段,政策主题词与当时的经济、社会、国际环境密切相关。早期我国大数据政策主题词集中在大数据基础设施发展上,我国通过制定鼓励政策,加快软件产业和集成电路产业发展。2010年以来,战略性新兴产业对经济社会全局和长远发展具有重大引领带动作用。近年来,我国大数据政策主题词重点关注大数据技术和应用,如"互联网+"、"人工智能"、"云平台"等。本文将大数据政策工具划分为人才政策、准入政策、财政政策、税收政策、金融政策、政府采购、国际发展、知识产权保护、基础设施建设、创新服务平台这十类。通过统计分析发现,使用最多的是准入政策,其次是基础设施建设,金融政策和财政政策使用也较多,表明我国大数据发展整体还处于初步发展阶段,国家非常重视大数据基础设施和平台建设,相伴随的是大量资金投入。知识产权保护和政府采购政策工具使用较少,我国大数据政策在这方面还需加强。国际发展使用较频繁,在开放共享的发展理念引领下,国际合作与交流将会进一步加强。目前我国已经初步建立起大数据政策网络体系,形成了大小网络共存的格局。大数据发展和应用日新月异,我国大数据整体还处于初步发展阶段,还没有建立系统完善、有机协同的大数据政策体系,大数据政策的顶层设计还不健全,仍需要我们进一步完善加强。
The era of digital economy has arrived. Big data has become a new driving force for economic transformation and development,and it is also the key to promoting high-quality economic and social development. In the context of global integration and rapid digital development,the ability of a country to master and use big data will become an important manifestation of national competitiveness. Big data development has been put on the global agenda. The major countries in the world have successively released big data strategies. Organizations such as the United Nations,the World Bank,and the World Economic Forum etc. have also released reports to actively explore the relationship between big data and economic and social development. Therefore,it is becoming more and more urgent to develop a scientific and reasonable big data policy system to support the high-quality development of big data. The relevant research on big data policy in the academic world mainly focuses on the comparative research on the spatial dimension,lacking of systematic analysis on big data policy of its evolution,policy networks,the evolution of policy thematic word,and the use of policy instruments.Based on this,this paper will start from the two dimensions of policy instrument and policy thematic word,make a textual quantitative analysis of those policies from four aspects by constructing " Policy Instrument--Policy Thematic Word " two-dimensional analytical framework. The four aspects are as follows: the evolution of China's big data policies,policy networks of big data policies,the evolution of policy thematic words,and the use of policy instruments. The big data policy texts selected in this paper are all from public data sources,mainly collected from the websites of the Chinese government and the ministries and commissions. In order to reflect the status quo of China's big data policy more comprehensively,the original policy texts are obtained by searching for keywords such as"big data","artificial intelligence","informatization"and"cloud computing"and so on. On that basis,a total of 94 policy texts related to big data were selected as the analysis objects. This paper regards 2000 as the start of China's big data policy research. The reason is that the bursting of the tech and telecom bubble in 2000,which threatened to pull the economy into recession. In order to help the software and the integrated circuit industries,the State Planning Commission( now renamed the National Development and Reform Commission) and other 13 ministries and commissions jointly issued a policy < Several Policies for Encouraging the Development of Software Industry and Integrated Circuit Industry >,to support the development of the software industry and integrated circuit industry. It is a crucial time for the rapid development of the information industry.The research results show that the development of big data policy in China has experienced a development process from emphasizing infrastructure construction to focus on industrial cultivation and innovation,and then to build a big data policy system. In the first stage of thedevelopment process of the big data policy system,the government mainly focuses on the infrastructure construction related to big data. In the second stage,the government focuses on promoting the research and development and demonstration and application projects of the Internet of Things,Cloud Computing,Big Data,the Chinese government is also putting an intensive focus on strategic emerging industries. The third stage of the development process is the construction stage of China's big data policy system. The Chinese government takes the development of the big data as its national strategy to promote the development of big data.At different stages of the development process of big data policy,policy themes are closely related to the economic,social and international environment at that time. In the early stage,China's big data policy theme focuses on the construction of infrastructure,in order to help the software and the integrated circuit industries,the Chinese government issued special policies,developing the information industry in an effort to accelerate nationalinformatization processes. Since 2010,the Chinese government stressed the importance for the country to accelerate the cultivation and development of strategic emerging industries," cloud computing " and "strategic emerging industries " are representative policy thematic words. In recent years,China's big data policy thematic words focus on big data technology and application,such as " Internet + " " Artificial Intelligence" " cloud platform"etc.Based on existing research results,and in combination with the connotation and development characteristics of big data,this paper classifies policy instruments into ten types. They are talent policy,market-access policy,fiscal policy,tax policy,financial policy,government procurement,international development,intellectual property protection,infrastructure construction,and innovative service platform. Through the statistical analysis we found that the most used is market-access policy instrument( 25.00%),followed by the infrastructure construction( 22. 18%). The financial policy instrument( 9. 51%) and fiscal policy instrument( 9. 15%) are also used more,and this shows that the development of China's big data as a whole is still in the initial stage of the development process,the state attaches great importance to the construction of infrastructure and platforms,is accompanied by the capital investment in the development of big data. However,intellectual property protection( 3. 70%) and government procurement policy instrument( 2. 11%) are used less frequently than other policy instruments. International development( 6. 51%) is used more frequently. Under the guidance of the principles of innovative,coordinated,green,open,and shared development,we should endeavor to bolster international exchanges and cooperation.At present,China has initially established a big data policy network system,which has formed a pattern of coexistence of large and small networks. The development and application of big data are changing with each passing day. China's big data is still in the initial stage of the development process. The big data policy system with perfect system and organic synergy has not yet been established. The top-level design of big data policy is still not perfect,and we still need to further improve and strengthen it.
The era of digital economy has arrived. Big data has become a new driving force for economic transformation and development,and it is also the key to promoting high-quality economic and social development. In the context of global integration and rapid digital development,the ability of a country to master and use big data will become an important manifestation of national competitiveness. Big data development has been put on the global agenda. The major countries in the world have successively released big data strategies. Organizations such as the United Nations,the World Bank,and the World Economic Forum etc. have also released reports to actively explore the relationship between big data and economic and social development. Therefore,it is becoming more and more urgent to develop a scientific and reasonable big data policy system to support the high-quality development of big data. The relevant research on big data policy in the academic world mainly focuses on the comparative research on the spatial dimension,lacking of systematic analysis on big data policy of its evolution,policy networks,the evolution of policy thematic word,and the use of policy instruments.Based on this,this paper will start from the two dimensions of policy instrument and policy thematic word,make a textual quantitative analysis of those policies from four aspects by constructing " Policy Instrument--Policy Thematic Word " two-dimensional analytical framework. The four aspects are as follows: the evolution of China's big data policies,policy networks of big data policies,the evolution of policy thematic words,and the use of policy instruments. The big data policy texts selected in this paper are all from public data sources,mainly collected from the websites of the Chinese government and the ministries and commissions. In order to reflect the status quo of China's big data policy more comprehensively,the original policy texts are obtained by searching for keywords such as"big data","artificial intelligence","informatization"and"cloud computing"and so on. On that basis,a total of 94 policy texts related to big data were selected as the analysis objects. This paper regards 2000 as the start of China's big data policy research. The reason is that the bursting of the tech and telecom bubble in 2000,which threatened to pull the economy into recession. In order to help the software and the integrated circuit industries,the State Planning Commission( now renamed the National Development and Reform Commission) and other 13 ministries and commissions jointly issued a policy < Several Policies for Encouraging the Development of Software Industry and Integrated Circuit Industry >,to support the development of the software industry and integrated circuit industry. It is a crucial time for the rapid development of the information industry.The research results show that the development of big data policy in China has experienced a development process from emphasizing infrastructure construction to focus on industrial cultivation and innovation,and then to build a big data policy system. In the first stage of thedevelopment process of the big data policy system,the government mainly focuses on the infrastructure construction related to big data. In the second stage,the government focuses on promoting the research and development and demonstration and application projects of the Internet of Things,Cloud Computing,Big Data,the Chinese government is also putting an intensive focus on strategic emerging industries. The third stage of the development process is the construction stage of China's big data policy system. The Chinese government takes the development of the big data as its national strategy to promote the development of big data.At different stages of the development process of big data policy,policy themes are closely related to the economic,social and international environment at that time. In the early stage,China's big data policy theme focuses on the construction of infrastructure,in order to help the software and the integrated circuit industries,the Chinese government issued special policies,developing the information industry in an effort to accelerate nationalinformatization processes. Since 2010,the Chinese government stressed the importance for the country to accelerate the cultivation and development of strategic emerging industries," cloud computing " and "strategic emerging industries " are representative policy thematic words. In recent years,China's big data policy thematic words focus on big data technology and application,such as " Internet + " " Artificial Intelligence" " cloud platform"etc.Based on existing research results,and in combination with the connotation and development characteristics of big data,this paper classifies policy instruments into ten types. They are talent policy,market-access policy,fiscal policy,tax policy,financial policy,government procurement,international development,intellectual property protection,infrastructure construction,and innovative service platform. Through the statistical analysis we found that the most used is market-access policy instrument( 25.00%),followed by the infrastructure construction( 22. 18%). The financial policy instrument( 9. 51%) and fiscal policy instrument( 9. 15%) are also used more,and this shows that the development of China's big data as a whole is still in the initial stage of the development process,the state attaches great importance to the construction of infrastructure and platforms,is accompanied by the capital investment in the development of big data. However,intellectual property protection( 3. 70%) and government procurement policy instrument( 2. 11%) are used less frequently than other policy instruments. International development( 6. 51%) is used more frequently. Under the guidance of the principles of innovative,coordinated,green,open,and shared development,we should endeavor to bolster international exchanges and cooperation.At present,China has initially established a big data policy network system,which has formed a pattern of coexistence of large and small networks. The development and application of big data are changing with each passing day. China's big data is still in the initial stage of the development process. The big data policy system with perfect system and organic synergy has not yet been established. The top-level design of big data policy is still not perfect,and we still need to further improve and strengthen it.
引文
[1] OECD,OECD digital economy outlook 2015[R].OECD Publishing,Paris.2015.[2018-01-08].DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264232440-en.
[2] Obama Whitehouse,Big data research and development Initiative[EB/OL].[2018-09-08].https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2012/03/29/big-data-big-deal.
[3] 朱彦,徐俊,朱玲,崔蒙.主要发达国家医疗健康大数据政策分析[J].中华医学图书情报杂志,2015,24(10):13-17+59.Zhu Yan,Xu Jun,Zhu Ling,Cui Meng.Policies of healthcare big data in major developed countries [J].Chinese Journal of Medical Library and Information Science,2015,24(10):13-17+59.
[4] IT Dashboard.Declaration to be the world′s most advanced IT nation [EB/OL].[2018-09-04].https://www.itdashboard.go.jp/en/achievement/kpi.
[5] Council for Science,Technology and innovation cabinet office,government of Japan.Report on the 5th science and technology basic plan.[EB/OL].[2018-09-11].http://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/kihonkeikaku/5basicplan_en.pdf.
[6] Gov.UK.Seizing the data opportunity:A strategy for UK data capability [EB/OL].[2018-09-12].https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-data-capability-strategy.
[7] Stewart D W,Zhao Q.Internet marketing,business models,and public policy[J].Journal of Public Policy & Marketing,2000,19(2):287-296.
[8] 黄萃,任弢,张剑.政策文献量化研究:公共政策研究的新方向[J].公共管理学报,2015,12(2):129-137+158-159.Huang Cui,Ren Tao,Zhang Jian.Policy documents quantitative research:A new direction for public policy study[J].Journal of Public Management,2015,12(2):129-137+158-159.
[9] 张会平,郭宁,汤玺楷.推进逻辑与未来进路:我国政务大数据政策的文本分析[J].情报杂志,2018,37(3):152-157+192.Zhang Huiping,Guo Ning,Tang Xikai.Promoting logic and future directions:A textual analysis of China′s government big data policy[J].Journal of Intelligence,2018,37(3):152-157+192.
[10] 范梓腾,谭海波.地方政府大数据发展政策的文献量化研究——基于政策“目标-工具”匹配的视角[J].中国行政管理,2017(12):46-53.Fan Ziteng,Tan Haibo.Big data development strategies of chinese local governments based on documents quantitative methods—— Compatibility of policy goals and policy tools[J].Chinese Public Administration,2017(12):46-53.
[11] McNeely C L,Hahm J.The big (data) bang:Policy,prospects,and challenges[J].Review of Policy Research,2014,31(4):304-310.
[12] H?chtl J,Parycek P,Sch?llhammer R.Big data in the policy cycle:Policy decision making in the digital era[J].Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce,2016,26(1-2):147-169.
[13] 张勇进,王璟璇.主要发达国家大数据政策比较研究[J].中国行政管理,2014(12):113-117.Zhang Yongjin,Wang Jingxuan.Comparative studies on big data policy of main developed countries [J].Chinese Public Administration,2014(12):113-117.
[14] Heitmueller A,Henderson S,Warburton W,et al.Developing public policy to advance the use of big data in health care[J].Health Affairs,2014,33(9):1523-1530.
[15] 苏竣.公共科技政策导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2015.Su Jun.Public policy for science and technology:An introduction[M].Beijing:Science Press,2015.
[16] Charles E.Lindblom.Policy analysis [J].The American Economic Review,1958,48(3):298-312.
[17] [美]戴伊著,谢明译.理解公共政策(第十二版)[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2010.Thomas R.Dye.Understanding public policy (12th edition) [M].[trans.] Xie Ming.S.l.:Beijing:China Renmin University Press,2010.
[18] 严强.现代西方政策科学的知识体系[J].南京大学学报(哲学.人文科学.社会科学版),1998(3):49-55.Yan Qiang.The knowledge system of modern western policy science [J].Journal of Nanjing University (Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences),1998(3):49-55.
[19] 陈振明.是政策科学,还是政策分析?——政策研究领域的两种基本范式[J].政治学研究,1996(4):80-88.Chen Zhenming.Policy science,or policy analysis?--Two basic paradigms in the field of policy research [J].CASS Journal of Political Science,1996(4):80-88.
[20] 威廉·N·邓恩著,谢明译.《公共政策分析导论》[M].中国人民大学出版社,2002:01-61.William N.Dunn.Public policy analysis:An introduction [M].[trans.] Xie Ming.S.l.:China Renmin University Press,2002:01-61.
[21] 陈振明.政府工具研究与政府管理方式改进——论作为公共管理学新分支的政府工具研究的兴起、主题和意义[J].中国行政管理,2004(6):43-48.Chen Zhenming.Research on government tools and improvement of government management [J].Chinese Public Administration,2004(6):43-48.
[22] 陈振明.政府工具导论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2009.Chen Zhenming.Government tools:An introduction [M].Beijing:Peking University press,2009.
[23] [澳]欧文·E·休斯,彭和平等译.公共管理导论[M].中国人民大学出版社,2001.Owen E.Hughes,public management and administration:An introduction [M].[trans.] Peng Heping.S.l.:China Renmin University Press,2001.
[24] Salamon L M,Elliott O V.The tools of government:A guide to the new governance[M].Oxford University Press,2002.
[25] Linder S H,Peters B G.Instruments of government:Perceptions and contexts[J].Journal of Public Policy,1989,9(1):35-58.
[26] Roy Rothwell,Walter Zegveld.Reindusdalization and technology[M].Logman Group Limited,1985,83-104.
[27] 赵筱媛,苏竣.基于政策工具的公共科技政策分析框架研究[J].科学学研究,2007(1):52-56.Zhao Xiaoyuan,Su Jun.An analysis framework for public S&T policies:The perspective of policy tools [J].Studies in Science of Science,2007(1):52-56.
[28] 中共中央办公厅,国务院办公厅.党政机关公文处理工作条例[EB/OL].[2018-08-31].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2013-02/22/content_2640088.htm,2013-2-22.General Office of the Communist Party of China,General Office of the State Council,Regulations on handling official documents in party organs and governments [EB/OL].[2018-08-31].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2013-02/22/content_2640088.htm,2013-2-22.
[29] 顾建光.公共政策工具研究的意义、基础与层面[J].公共管理学报,2006(4):58-61+110.Gu Jianguang.The significance,basis and levels of public policy tool research [J].Journal of Public Management,2006(4):58-61+110.
[30] 中国信息通信研究院.大数据白皮书(2018年)[R].2018.4.China Academy of Information and Communications Technology.White paper on big data (2018)[R].2018.4.
[31] 曲婉,穆荣平,宋河发.自主创新人才队伍政策关联性研究[J].科研管理,2012,33(2):40-47.Qu Wan,Mu Rongping,Song Hefa.The policy correlativity for the development of innovative talents and teams.[J].Science Research Management,2012,33(2):40-47.
[2] Obama Whitehouse,Big data research and development Initiative[EB/OL].[2018-09-08].https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2012/03/29/big-data-big-deal.
[3] 朱彦,徐俊,朱玲,崔蒙.主要发达国家医疗健康大数据政策分析[J].中华医学图书情报杂志,2015,24(10):13-17+59.Zhu Yan,Xu Jun,Zhu Ling,Cui Meng.Policies of healthcare big data in major developed countries [J].Chinese Journal of Medical Library and Information Science,2015,24(10):13-17+59.
[4] IT Dashboard.Declaration to be the world′s most advanced IT nation [EB/OL].[2018-09-04].https://www.itdashboard.go.jp/en/achievement/kpi.
[5] Council for Science,Technology and innovation cabinet office,government of Japan.Report on the 5th science and technology basic plan.[EB/OL].[2018-09-11].http://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/kihonkeikaku/5basicplan_en.pdf.
[6] Gov.UK.Seizing the data opportunity:A strategy for UK data capability [EB/OL].[2018-09-12].https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-data-capability-strategy.
[7] Stewart D W,Zhao Q.Internet marketing,business models,and public policy[J].Journal of Public Policy & Marketing,2000,19(2):287-296.
[8] 黄萃,任弢,张剑.政策文献量化研究:公共政策研究的新方向[J].公共管理学报,2015,12(2):129-137+158-159.Huang Cui,Ren Tao,Zhang Jian.Policy documents quantitative research:A new direction for public policy study[J].Journal of Public Management,2015,12(2):129-137+158-159.
[9] 张会平,郭宁,汤玺楷.推进逻辑与未来进路:我国政务大数据政策的文本分析[J].情报杂志,2018,37(3):152-157+192.Zhang Huiping,Guo Ning,Tang Xikai.Promoting logic and future directions:A textual analysis of China′s government big data policy[J].Journal of Intelligence,2018,37(3):152-157+192.
[10] 范梓腾,谭海波.地方政府大数据发展政策的文献量化研究——基于政策“目标-工具”匹配的视角[J].中国行政管理,2017(12):46-53.Fan Ziteng,Tan Haibo.Big data development strategies of chinese local governments based on documents quantitative methods—— Compatibility of policy goals and policy tools[J].Chinese Public Administration,2017(12):46-53.
[11] McNeely C L,Hahm J.The big (data) bang:Policy,prospects,and challenges[J].Review of Policy Research,2014,31(4):304-310.
[12] H?chtl J,Parycek P,Sch?llhammer R.Big data in the policy cycle:Policy decision making in the digital era[J].Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce,2016,26(1-2):147-169.
[13] 张勇进,王璟璇.主要发达国家大数据政策比较研究[J].中国行政管理,2014(12):113-117.Zhang Yongjin,Wang Jingxuan.Comparative studies on big data policy of main developed countries [J].Chinese Public Administration,2014(12):113-117.
[14] Heitmueller A,Henderson S,Warburton W,et al.Developing public policy to advance the use of big data in health care[J].Health Affairs,2014,33(9):1523-1530.
[15] 苏竣.公共科技政策导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2015.Su Jun.Public policy for science and technology:An introduction[M].Beijing:Science Press,2015.
[16] Charles E.Lindblom.Policy analysis [J].The American Economic Review,1958,48(3):298-312.
[17] [美]戴伊著,谢明译.理解公共政策(第十二版)[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2010.Thomas R.Dye.Understanding public policy (12th edition) [M].[trans.] Xie Ming.S.l.:Beijing:China Renmin University Press,2010.
[18] 严强.现代西方政策科学的知识体系[J].南京大学学报(哲学.人文科学.社会科学版),1998(3):49-55.Yan Qiang.The knowledge system of modern western policy science [J].Journal of Nanjing University (Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences),1998(3):49-55.
[19] 陈振明.是政策科学,还是政策分析?——政策研究领域的两种基本范式[J].政治学研究,1996(4):80-88.Chen Zhenming.Policy science,or policy analysis?--Two basic paradigms in the field of policy research [J].CASS Journal of Political Science,1996(4):80-88.
[20] 威廉·N·邓恩著,谢明译.《公共政策分析导论》[M].中国人民大学出版社,2002:01-61.William N.Dunn.Public policy analysis:An introduction [M].[trans.] Xie Ming.S.l.:China Renmin University Press,2002:01-61.
[21] 陈振明.政府工具研究与政府管理方式改进——论作为公共管理学新分支的政府工具研究的兴起、主题和意义[J].中国行政管理,2004(6):43-48.Chen Zhenming.Research on government tools and improvement of government management [J].Chinese Public Administration,2004(6):43-48.
[22] 陈振明.政府工具导论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2009.Chen Zhenming.Government tools:An introduction [M].Beijing:Peking University press,2009.
[23] [澳]欧文·E·休斯,彭和平等译.公共管理导论[M].中国人民大学出版社,2001.Owen E.Hughes,public management and administration:An introduction [M].[trans.] Peng Heping.S.l.:China Renmin University Press,2001.
[24] Salamon L M,Elliott O V.The tools of government:A guide to the new governance[M].Oxford University Press,2002.
[25] Linder S H,Peters B G.Instruments of government:Perceptions and contexts[J].Journal of Public Policy,1989,9(1):35-58.
[26] Roy Rothwell,Walter Zegveld.Reindusdalization and technology[M].Logman Group Limited,1985,83-104.
[27] 赵筱媛,苏竣.基于政策工具的公共科技政策分析框架研究[J].科学学研究,2007(1):52-56.Zhao Xiaoyuan,Su Jun.An analysis framework for public S&T policies:The perspective of policy tools [J].Studies in Science of Science,2007(1):52-56.
[28] 中共中央办公厅,国务院办公厅.党政机关公文处理工作条例[EB/OL].[2018-08-31].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2013-02/22/content_2640088.htm,2013-2-22.General Office of the Communist Party of China,General Office of the State Council,Regulations on handling official documents in party organs and governments [EB/OL].[2018-08-31].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2013-02/22/content_2640088.htm,2013-2-22.
[29] 顾建光.公共政策工具研究的意义、基础与层面[J].公共管理学报,2006(4):58-61+110.Gu Jianguang.The significance,basis and levels of public policy tool research [J].Journal of Public Management,2006(4):58-61+110.
[30] 中国信息通信研究院.大数据白皮书(2018年)[R].2018.4.China Academy of Information and Communications Technology.White paper on big data (2018)[R].2018.4.
[31] 曲婉,穆荣平,宋河发.自主创新人才队伍政策关联性研究[J].科研管理,2012,33(2):40-47.Qu Wan,Mu Rongping,Song Hefa.The policy correlativity for the development of innovative talents and teams.[J].Science Research Management,2012,33(2):40-47.