城市紧凑度:基于广东地级以上城市的实证分析
|
摘要
建设紧凑城市是现代城市发展的必然趋势。随着城镇化的加快推进,经济发达地区可供开发的土地资源越来越稀少,加强城市土地集约利用、提高城市土地利用效率已经成为经济发达地区城市发展的重要任务。文章从形态紧凑和功能紧凑两方面,运用突变级数法分析广东省地级以上城市的城市紧凑度。研究显示:深圳、东莞、广州是广东省城市紧凑度最高的城市,广东省城市紧凑度的平均数与中位数接近,且各地级市紧凑度呈现出强不均衡性特征。应坚持以公共交通为导向的土地利用模式,重点发展轨道交通尤其是城际轨道交通,提高区域交通紧凑度,加大力度推进中低梯度城市"三旧"改造工程,盘活存量建设用地,提高城市土地的利用效率。
Building a compact city is an inevitable trend of modern urban development. With the acceleration of China’s urbanization process, land resources available for development have become increasingly scarce in developed regions. Therefore, strengthening the intensity and improving the efficiency of urban land use have become important tasks for cities in those developed regions. This paper uses Catastrophe Progression to calculate the city compactness of the cities in Guangdong province from the two aspects of space form and function. The main results are as follows: the city compactness of Shenzhen, Dongguan and Guangzhou are the highest in Guangdong province, of which the average compactness is close to its median. The compactness for each city is highly imbalanced. Accordingly, Guangdong province should adhere to the land use pattern which is public transport oriented. It should focus on the development of rail transportation to improve regional traffic compactness and at the same time promote the transformation of old towns, factories and villages of less developed cities, which will be beneficial to revitalize the stock of land and improve the efficiency of land use.
Building a compact city is an inevitable trend of modern urban development. With the acceleration of China’s urbanization process, land resources available for development have become increasingly scarce in developed regions. Therefore, strengthening the intensity and improving the efficiency of urban land use have become important tasks for cities in those developed regions. This paper uses Catastrophe Progression to calculate the city compactness of the cities in Guangdong province from the two aspects of space form and function. The main results are as follows: the city compactness of Shenzhen, Dongguan and Guangzhou are the highest in Guangdong province, of which the average compactness is close to its median. The compactness for each city is highly imbalanced. Accordingly, Guangdong province should adhere to the land use pattern which is public transport oriented. It should focus on the development of rail transportation to improve regional traffic compactness and at the same time promote the transformation of old towns, factories and villages of less developed cities, which will be beneficial to revitalize the stock of land and improve the efficiency of land use.
引文
[1]Tsuboi S, Ikaruga S, Kobayashi T. Method for the proposal and evaluation of urban structures for compactcities using an expert system[J]. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 2016, 5(4):403-411.
[2]Bunker R. How Is the Compact City Faring in Australia?[J]. Planning Practice&Research, 2014,29(5):449-460.
[3]Jim C Y. Sustainable urban greening strategies for compact cities in developing and developedeconomies[J]. Urban Ecosystems, 2013, 16(4):741-761.
[4]MohammadrezaShirazi, SomaiyehFalahat. Compact urban form, question or solution? Examining thecompact city in the Middle Eastern context:challenges and opportunities[J]. International Journal of UrbanSustainable Development, 2012, 4(2):246-259.
[5]Shanahan D F, Cox D T C, Fuller R A, et al. Variation in experiences of nature across gradients of treecover in compact and sprawling cities[J]. Landscape&Urban Planning, 2017, 157:231-238.
[6]Tan P Y, Feng Y, Yun H H. Deforestation in a tropical compact city(Part A):Understanding its socio-ecological impacts[J]. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 2016, 5(1):47-72.
[7]Yun H H, Feng Y, Tan P Y. Managing deforestation in a tropical compact city(Part B):Urban ecologicalapproaches to landscape design[J]. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 2016, 5(1):73-92.
[8]毛广雄,丁金宏,曹蕾.城市紧凑度的综合测度及驱动力分析——以江苏省为例[J].地理科学,2009,29(5):627-633.
[9]唐尧,宋瑜,谢俊杰.2000—2010年中国城市空间形态紧凑度变化特征分析[J].生态科学,2016,35(3):134-139.
[10]马丽,金凤君.中国城市化发展的紧凑度评价分析[J].地理科学进展,2011,30(8):1014-1020.
[11]黄永斌,董锁成,白永平.中国城市紧凑度与城市效率关系的时空特征[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(3):64-73.
[12]黄永斌,董锁成,白永平,李俊,等.中国地级以上城市紧凑度时空演变特征研究[J].地理科学,2014,34(5):531-538.
[13]郑蔚,梁进社,张华.中国省会城市紧凑程度综合评价[J].中国土地科学,2009,23(4):11-17.
[14]陈德宁,郑天祥,邓春英.粤港澳共建环珠江口“湾区”经济研究[J].经济地理,2010,30(10):1589-1594.
[15]程开明.城市紧凑度影响能源消耗的理论机制及实证分析[J].经济地理,2011,31(7):1107-1112.
[16]赵景柱,宋瑜,石龙宇,等.城市空间形态紧凑度模型构建方法研究[J].生态学报,2011,31(21):6338-6343.
[17]吕斌,孙婷.低碳视角下城市空间形态紧凑度研究[J].地理研究,2013,32(6):1057-1067.
[18]李琳,黄昕珮.基于“紧凑”内涵解读的紧凑度量与评价研究——“紧凑度”概念体系与指标体系的构建[J].国际城市规划,2012,27(1):33-43.
[19]曹伟,周生路,吴绍华.基于土地精明利用的城乡统筹系统调控[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(5):667-677.
[20]郝伟伟,张梅青,刘宗庆.交通、城市紧凑度与城市生产率关系实证研究——基于京津冀区域地级市面板数据计量分析[J].宏观经济研究,2016(1):109-120.
[21]方创琳,祁巍锋.紧凑城市理念与测度研究进展及思考[J].城市规划学刊,2007(4):65-73.
[22]陈逸敏,李少英,黎夏,等.基于MCE-CA的东莞市紧凑城市形态模拟[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2010,49(6):110-114.
[2]Bunker R. How Is the Compact City Faring in Australia?[J]. Planning Practice&Research, 2014,29(5):449-460.
[3]Jim C Y. Sustainable urban greening strategies for compact cities in developing and developedeconomies[J]. Urban Ecosystems, 2013, 16(4):741-761.
[4]MohammadrezaShirazi, SomaiyehFalahat. Compact urban form, question or solution? Examining thecompact city in the Middle Eastern context:challenges and opportunities[J]. International Journal of UrbanSustainable Development, 2012, 4(2):246-259.
[5]Shanahan D F, Cox D T C, Fuller R A, et al. Variation in experiences of nature across gradients of treecover in compact and sprawling cities[J]. Landscape&Urban Planning, 2017, 157:231-238.
[6]Tan P Y, Feng Y, Yun H H. Deforestation in a tropical compact city(Part A):Understanding its socio-ecological impacts[J]. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 2016, 5(1):47-72.
[7]Yun H H, Feng Y, Tan P Y. Managing deforestation in a tropical compact city(Part B):Urban ecologicalapproaches to landscape design[J]. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 2016, 5(1):73-92.
[8]毛广雄,丁金宏,曹蕾.城市紧凑度的综合测度及驱动力分析——以江苏省为例[J].地理科学,2009,29(5):627-633.
[9]唐尧,宋瑜,谢俊杰.2000—2010年中国城市空间形态紧凑度变化特征分析[J].生态科学,2016,35(3):134-139.
[10]马丽,金凤君.中国城市化发展的紧凑度评价分析[J].地理科学进展,2011,30(8):1014-1020.
[11]黄永斌,董锁成,白永平.中国城市紧凑度与城市效率关系的时空特征[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(3):64-73.
[12]黄永斌,董锁成,白永平,李俊,等.中国地级以上城市紧凑度时空演变特征研究[J].地理科学,2014,34(5):531-538.
[13]郑蔚,梁进社,张华.中国省会城市紧凑程度综合评价[J].中国土地科学,2009,23(4):11-17.
[14]陈德宁,郑天祥,邓春英.粤港澳共建环珠江口“湾区”经济研究[J].经济地理,2010,30(10):1589-1594.
[15]程开明.城市紧凑度影响能源消耗的理论机制及实证分析[J].经济地理,2011,31(7):1107-1112.
[16]赵景柱,宋瑜,石龙宇,等.城市空间形态紧凑度模型构建方法研究[J].生态学报,2011,31(21):6338-6343.
[17]吕斌,孙婷.低碳视角下城市空间形态紧凑度研究[J].地理研究,2013,32(6):1057-1067.
[18]李琳,黄昕珮.基于“紧凑”内涵解读的紧凑度量与评价研究——“紧凑度”概念体系与指标体系的构建[J].国际城市规划,2012,27(1):33-43.
[19]曹伟,周生路,吴绍华.基于土地精明利用的城乡统筹系统调控[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(5):667-677.
[20]郝伟伟,张梅青,刘宗庆.交通、城市紧凑度与城市生产率关系实证研究——基于京津冀区域地级市面板数据计量分析[J].宏观经济研究,2016(1):109-120.
[21]方创琳,祁巍锋.紧凑城市理念与测度研究进展及思考[J].城市规划学刊,2007(4):65-73.
[22]陈逸敏,李少英,黎夏,等.基于MCE-CA的东莞市紧凑城市形态模拟[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2010,49(6):110-114.