翻堆频率对中药渣堆肥过程及其理化性质的影响
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摘要
为了研究翻堆频率对中药渣堆肥过程及其理化性质的影响,采用中试规模的条垛式堆肥系统,研究了中药渣堆肥过程中温度、全碳、全氮、全磷、全钾、C/N、pH、GI及表观特征变化和堆肥产品的质量特征。试验设6个处理,分别为:不翻堆(A1)、每5天翻一次(A2)、每10天翻一次(A3)、每15天翻一次(A4)、每20天翻一次(A5)、每25天翻一次(A6)。结果表明:高温(≥50℃)持续时间以A3最长,达44天;与A1相比,A4、A5和A6的全碳含量分别减少了0.35%、1.73%和1.61%;A2、A3、A4和A6的全氮含量分别减少了5.32%、8.40%、5.25%和1.44%;A2、A3、A4、A5和A6的全磷含量且分别增加了4.82%、9.64%、6.83%、8.03%和2.01%;A2、A3、A4、A5和A6的全钾含量分别增加了6.18%、5.38%、2.96%、8.33%和4.03%;GI分别提高了35.15%、33.23%、31.30%、28.89%和17.01%,而C/N和pH差异不大。成熟中药渣中的C含量为36.0%,N含量比猪粪、鸡粪、羊粪、鸭粪及鹅粪分别高25.97%、17.12%、28.81%、41.20%和41.91%。综合分析各影响因素后认为,在中试规模的条垛式堆肥系统中进行中药渣堆肥时,以每10天翻堆一次较为适宜。
In order to investigate the effects of turning frequency on composting process and chemical and physical properties of spent Chinese herbal medicine,a pilot scale windrow trial was run for 80 days to test the variations of temperature,total contents of carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,C/N ratio,pH,GI and apparent properties and compost quality during composting process of spent Chinese herbal medicine at different turning frequencies.There were six treatments:no turning(A1),once per five days(A2),once per ten days(A3),once per fifteen days(A4),once per twenty days(A5) and once per twenty-five days(A6).The results were obtained as following:the longest duration of high temperature(≥50℃) was found in A3,up to 44 days.Compared to A1,carbon contents of A4,A5,and A6 were reduced by 0.35%,1.73% and 1.61%,respectively.Total nitrogen contents of A2,A3,A4 and A6 reduced by 5.32%,8.40%,5.25% and 1.44%,respectively;while total phosphorus contents of A2,A3,A4,A5,and A6 increased by 4.82%,9.64%,6.83%,8.03% and 2.01%,respectively,and total potassium content of A2,A3,A4,A5 and A6 increased by 6.18%,5.38%,2.96%,8.33% and 8.03%,respectively.GI increased by 35.15%,33.23%,31.3%,28.89% and 17.01%,respectively,but variations of C/N and pH in six treatments had small differences.Carbon content of matured compost of spent Chinese herbal medicine was 36.0%,and nitrogen content was 25.97%,17.12%,28.81%,41.20% and 41.91% higher than swine manure,chicken manure,sheep manure,duck and goose excrement,respectively.In comprehensive analysis of the factors evaluated,our research concluded that the turning frequency of once per ten days should be recommended for a pilot scale of windrow composting of Chinese herbal medicine.
In order to investigate the effects of turning frequency on composting process and chemical and physical properties of spent Chinese herbal medicine,a pilot scale windrow trial was run for 80 days to test the variations of temperature,total contents of carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,C/N ratio,pH,GI and apparent properties and compost quality during composting process of spent Chinese herbal medicine at different turning frequencies.There were six treatments:no turning(A1),once per five days(A2),once per ten days(A3),once per fifteen days(A4),once per twenty days(A5) and once per twenty-five days(A6).The results were obtained as following:the longest duration of high temperature(≥50℃) was found in A3,up to 44 days.Compared to A1,carbon contents of A4,A5,and A6 were reduced by 0.35%,1.73% and 1.61%,respectively.Total nitrogen contents of A2,A3,A4 and A6 reduced by 5.32%,8.40%,5.25% and 1.44%,respectively;while total phosphorus contents of A2,A3,A4,A5,and A6 increased by 4.82%,9.64%,6.83%,8.03% and 2.01%,respectively,and total potassium content of A2,A3,A4,A5 and A6 increased by 6.18%,5.38%,2.96%,8.33% and 8.03%,respectively.GI increased by 35.15%,33.23%,31.3%,28.89% and 17.01%,respectively,but variations of C/N and pH in six treatments had small differences.Carbon content of matured compost of spent Chinese herbal medicine was 36.0%,and nitrogen content was 25.97%,17.12%,28.81%,41.20% and 41.91% higher than swine manure,chicken manure,sheep manure,duck and goose excrement,respectively.In comprehensive analysis of the factors evaluated,our research concluded that the turning frequency of once per ten days should be recommended for a pilot scale of windrow composting of Chinese herbal medicine.
引文
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[2]谭显东,王向东,黄健盛,等.中药渣资源化技术研究进展[J].中成药,2010,32(5):847-849.
[3]Tsutsui T,Hayashi N,Maizumi H,et al.Benzene-,catechol-,hydroquinone-and phenol-induced cell transformation,gene mutations,chromosome aberrations,aneuploidy,sister chromatid exchanges and unscheduled DNA synthesis in Syrian hamster embryo cells[J].Mutation Research,1997(373):113-123.
[4]王慧杰.中药渣醋渣栽培平菇试验[J].郑州牧业工程高等专科学校学报,2000,20(3):177.
[5]Joe S,Kevin W,Claudia H.Pyrolysis and gasification of waste:A Worldwide business and technology review[M].Juniper Consultancy Services Ltd.,2001.
[6]Saha B C.Hemicellulose bioconversion[J].Society of industrial microbiology,2002(3):82.
[7]Kulcu R,Yaldiz O.Determination of aeration rate and kinetics of composting some agricultural wastes[J].Bioresource Technology,2004(93):49-57.
[8]李季,彭生平.堆肥工程实用手册(第2版)[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2011:29-95.
[9]Larney F J,Olson A F,Carcamo A A,et al.Physical changes during active and passive composting of beef feedlot manure in winter and summer[J].Bioresource Technology,2000,75(2):139-148.
[10]Kelleher B P,Leahy J J,Henihan A M,et al.Advances in poultry litter disposal technology-a review[J].Bioresource Technology,2002,83(1):27-36.
[11]李玉红,李清飞,王岩.翻堆次数对牛粪高温堆肥的影响[J].河南农业科学,2006(7):70-72.
[12]化党领,刘方,李国学,等.翻堆与覆盖工艺对猪粪秸秆堆肥性质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(12):210-216.
[13]NY525-2011,有机肥料[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2011.
[14]王敦球,赵敏,潘盛.竹醋酸在堆肥中的应用[J].环境工程,2006,24(1):70-72.
[15]Inoko A,Miyamatsu K,Suganhara K,et al.on some organic constituents of city refuse composts produced in Japan[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,1979(25):225-234.
[16]李国学,张福锁.固体废物堆肥化与有机复混肥生产[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000.
[17]Tognetti C,Mazzarino M J,Laos F.Improving the quality of municipal organic waste compost[J].Bioresource Technology,2007,98(5):1067-1076.
[18]刘丽敏,彭敬东,王丽峰.反相高效液相色谱法同时测定黄芪中的4种酚酸[J].西南大学学报:自然科学版,2008,30(3):20-24.
[19]牛俊玲,李彦明,陈清.固体有机废弃物肥料化利用技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010.
[20]Hassen A,Belguith K,Jedidi N,et al.Microbial characterization during composting of municipal solid waste[J].Bioresource Technology,2001(80):217-225.