2018年湖北宜昌市城区公共场所禁烟现状调查
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摘要
目的了解宜昌市城区公共场所禁烟现状,为评价控烟效果提供依据。方法自行设计调查表,并制作成电子调查表,由经过统一培训的调查员采用现场暗访观察法调查,将观察结果客观录入到电子调查表中。结果2018年,宜昌市城区公共场所有控烟制度的比例为51.00%,场所内有禁烟标志和烟具的比例分别为87.00%和13.00%,吸烟发生率为45.00%,无吸烟现象的比例为55. 00%,有工作人员劝阻吸烟的比例为13.00%,有烟草广告的比例为5.00%。与2017年同期相比,公共场所吸烟发生率降低31.47%(x~2=8.59,P<0.05),无吸烟现象的比例增加60.15%(x~2=10.29, P<0.05);有工作人员劝阻的比例减少66.13%(x~2=16.82,P<0.05)。结论宜昌市城区公共场所禁烟工作取得一定成效,但离创建全面无烟公共场所的标准还有一定差距,需加强宣传,营造全社会参与支持氛围;强化责任,有效落实各项禁烟措施;加强督导和立法,推进无烟环境建设。
Objective To understand the current situation of banning smoking in urban public places of Yichang City and provide a basis for evaluating the effects of tobacco control. Methods A self-designed e-questionnaire survey was conducted by unified trained investigators. The investigators used the on-site secret inspection method to investigate, and objectively recorded the observation results into the e-questionnaire. Results In 2018, the proportion of public places with tobacco control system in Yichang City was 51. 00%, the proportion with smoking-free signs and smoking devices in places were 87. 00%and 13.00% respectively, the incidence of smoking was 45. 00%, the proportion without smoking phenomena was 55. 00%,the proportion with staff dissuasion on smoking was 13.00%, and the proportion with tobacco advertisements was 5.00%.Compared to the same period in 2017, the incidence of smoking decreased by 31. 47%(X~2 = 8. 59, P <0. 05),the proportion of non-smoking in public places increased by 60. 15%(X~2 = 10. 29, P <0. 05), but the percentage of workers in public places who discourage smoking decreased by 66. 13%(X~2 = 16. 82, P < 0. 05). Conclusion The smoking ban in urban public places of Yichang City had achieved in some aspects, but there is still a gap between the standards of establishing comprehensive smoking-free public places. To strengthen publicity, create an atmosphere of social participation and support, strengthen our responsibility and supervision and legislation are important to implement all smoking ban measures and promote smokingfree environment construction effectively.
Objective To understand the current situation of banning smoking in urban public places of Yichang City and provide a basis for evaluating the effects of tobacco control. Methods A self-designed e-questionnaire survey was conducted by unified trained investigators. The investigators used the on-site secret inspection method to investigate, and objectively recorded the observation results into the e-questionnaire. Results In 2018, the proportion of public places with tobacco control system in Yichang City was 51. 00%, the proportion with smoking-free signs and smoking devices in places were 87. 00%and 13.00% respectively, the incidence of smoking was 45. 00%, the proportion without smoking phenomena was 55. 00%,the proportion with staff dissuasion on smoking was 13.00%, and the proportion with tobacco advertisements was 5.00%.Compared to the same period in 2017, the incidence of smoking decreased by 31. 47%(X~2 = 8. 59, P <0. 05),the proportion of non-smoking in public places increased by 60. 15%(X~2 = 10. 29, P <0. 05), but the percentage of workers in public places who discourage smoking decreased by 66. 13%(X~2 = 16. 82, P < 0. 05). Conclusion The smoking ban in urban public places of Yichang City had achieved in some aspects, but there is still a gap between the standards of establishing comprehensive smoking-free public places. To strengthen publicity, create an atmosphere of social participation and support, strengthen our responsibility and supervision and legislation are important to implement all smoking ban measures and promote smokingfree environment construction effectively.
引文
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[2]中华人民共和国卫生部.中国吸烟危害健康报告[R].北京:人民卫生出版社,2012.
[3]姜愚烽,肖琴.中国烟草流行及控制现状[J].职业与健康,2018,34(7):997-999.
[4]中共中央,国务院.“健康中国2030”规划纲要[EB/OL].(2016-10-25)[2018-08-12]. http://www. gov. cn/zhengce/2016-10/25/content_5124174. htm.
[5]国务院.“十三五”卫生与健康规划[EB/OL].(2017-01-10)[2018-08-12]. http://www. gov. cn/zhengce/content/2017-01/10/content_5158488. htm.
[6]谢尉,熊静帆,余卫业,等.深圳市禁烟场所控烟执行情况调查[J].中国健康教育,2018,34(4):313-316.
[7]龚鉴,肖伟华,周毅,等.珠海市公共场所无烟环境建设情况调查[J].世界最新医学信息文摘,2016,16(58):173-175.
[8]乐坤蕾,陈德,高晶蓉.2016年上海市公共场所控烟现状[J].健康教育与健康促进,2017,12(2):92-98.
[9]赵加奎,林军,陆瑛,等.2012-2016年上海市黄浦区公共场所控烟监测结果分析[J].中国健康教育,2018,34(1):74-77.
[10]吉宁,吉华青,刘敏,等.公共场所禁烟规定情况与影响因素分析[J],中国卫生事业管理,2017,34(8):633-635.
[11] World Health Organization. A policy package to reverse the tobacco epidemic[R]. Geneva:WHO,2008.
[12]张晓畅,万霞,杨功焕.中国7省份对WHO烟草控制框架公约执行情况的评价研究[J].中华预防医学,2014,48(6):496-501.