瓜尔豆胶作为饲料添加剂在推水养殖模式下氮磷收支
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摘要
本试验旨在研究对比添加0.3%的瓜尔豆胶饲料(DJ)及普通饲料(PT)在推水养殖模式下的氮磷收支和养殖效果。试验期为120 d。结果表明,在推水养殖模式下,两种饲料对鱼类生长均无显著影响。且添加瓜尔豆胶还能减少氮磷排放量,减轻对养殖水体的污染。对比两个池塘,在氮磷输入方面,饲料是主要来源,PT输入氮286.88 kg、输入磷74.25 kg,分别占总输入的76.0%、88%;DJ输入氮290.94 kg、输入磷86.41 kg,分别占总输入的74%、88%。PT通过鱼输入氮87.0 kg、输入磷8.38 kg,分别占总输入的23%、10%;DJ通过鱼输出氮96.8 kg、输入磷7.36 kg,分别占总输入的25%、8%。而在氮磷输出方面,PT吸排污输出氮141.5 kg、输出磷47.35 kg,分别占总输出的40%和60%。DJ吸排污输出氮189.57 kg、输出磷63.13 kg,分别占总输出的60%和76%,在吸排污方面,两组之间差异显著(P <0.05)。可以看出添加瓜尔豆胶后会明显改善饲料及肠道排泄物在水中的稳定性,降低对环境的污染。试验结束后通过肠道切片观察养殖周期投喂饲料对肠道组织是否有影响。通过观察饲料对肠道的损伤情况,可以看出,喂食两种饲料的鱼肠道均呈现完好状态,前肠绒毛形状完整,整齐地伸入肠腔内,未发现绒毛破损、肿胀、脱落、表皮细胞水肿充血等症状。
The purpose of this experiment was to study and compare the effects of addition of 0.3% guar gum feed(DJ) and common feed(PT) on nitrogen and phosphorus budgets and cultures under the aquaculture mode.The test period lasted for 120 d.The results showed that both feeds had no significant effect on fish growth under the aquaculture mode.And adding guar gum could also reduce nitrogen and phosphorus emissions and alleviate pollution to aquaculture waters.For the two ponds,feed was the main source of N and P input.PT input nitrogen 286.88 kg and input phosphorus 74.25 kg accounted for 76% and 88% of the total input respectively; DJ input nitrogen 290.94 kg and input phosphorus 86.41 kg accounted for 74% and 88% of the total input respectively.PT input nitrogen 87.0 kg and input phosphorus 8.38 kg,which account for 23% and 10% of the total input,and DJ through fish output nitrogen 96.8 kg and input phosphorus 7.36 kg,respectively,accounting for 25%and 8% of the total input.On the aspect of nitrogen and phosphorus output,the PT output nitrogen 141.5 kg and output phosphorus 47.35 kg account for 40% and 60% of the total output respectively.DJ nitrogen and 189.57 kg output and output phosphorus 63.13 kg accounted for 60% and 76% of the total output respectively.The difference between the two groups was significant(P < 0.05).It can be seen that the addition of guar gum will significantly improve the stability of the feed and intestinal excrement in the water and reduce the environmental pollution.After completion of the experiment,intestinal sections were used to observe whether the feeding in the culture cycle had influence on the intestinal tissue.By observing the damage of the feed to the intestine,it can be seen that the fish intestines fed with both feeds are intact,without intestinal epithelial damage,intestinal villi damage,swelling,epidermal cell edema and congestion and other symptoms.The difference between the two groups was small,and there was no significant difference in intestinal lesions between the two groups(P > 0.05).
The purpose of this experiment was to study and compare the effects of addition of 0.3% guar gum feed(DJ) and common feed(PT) on nitrogen and phosphorus budgets and cultures under the aquaculture mode.The test period lasted for 120 d.The results showed that both feeds had no significant effect on fish growth under the aquaculture mode.And adding guar gum could also reduce nitrogen and phosphorus emissions and alleviate pollution to aquaculture waters.For the two ponds,feed was the main source of N and P input.PT input nitrogen 286.88 kg and input phosphorus 74.25 kg accounted for 76% and 88% of the total input respectively; DJ input nitrogen 290.94 kg and input phosphorus 86.41 kg accounted for 74% and 88% of the total input respectively.PT input nitrogen 87.0 kg and input phosphorus 8.38 kg,which account for 23% and 10% of the total input,and DJ through fish output nitrogen 96.8 kg and input phosphorus 7.36 kg,respectively,accounting for 25%and 8% of the total input.On the aspect of nitrogen and phosphorus output,the PT output nitrogen 141.5 kg and output phosphorus 47.35 kg account for 40% and 60% of the total output respectively.DJ nitrogen and 189.57 kg output and output phosphorus 63.13 kg accounted for 60% and 76% of the total output respectively.The difference between the two groups was significant(P < 0.05).It can be seen that the addition of guar gum will significantly improve the stability of the feed and intestinal excrement in the water and reduce the environmental pollution.After completion of the experiment,intestinal sections were used to observe whether the feeding in the culture cycle had influence on the intestinal tissue.By observing the damage of the feed to the intestine,it can be seen that the fish intestines fed with both feeds are intact,without intestinal epithelial damage,intestinal villi damage,swelling,epidermal cell edema and congestion and other symptoms.The difference between the two groups was small,and there was no significant difference in intestinal lesions between the two groups(P > 0.05).
引文
[1]常杰.对虾、青蛤和江蓠不同混养系统氮磷收支的实验研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2006.
[2]陈四清.中国对虾配合饲料入水后营养成分的流失及其对水环境的影响[J].中国水产科学,1995,12(2):4.
[3]顾振东.瓜尔豆胶的生产及其应用研究进展[J].广西轻工业,2010,7:21~23.
[4]蒋明.用两种粪便收集方法测定草鱼对九种饲料原料的表观消化率[J].淡水渔业,2006,3:23~25.
[5]孔俊豪.瓜尔胶及其衍生物最新研究进展[J].食品研究与开发,2009,4:167~170.
[6]李兆新.对虾配合饲料水中稳定性的影响因素及其测定方法[J].海洋水产科学研究,2009,3:49~53.
[7]柳旭东等.国内外4种微颗粒饲料的水中稳定性及其对部分水质指标的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2009,4:89~93.
[8]宋文新.黑鲷幼鱼饲料中发酵豆粕部分替代鱼粉的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2009.
[9]王吉桥.三种黏合剂及其不同组合对仿刺参配合饵料水稳定性和消化率的影响[J].饲料博览,2007,3:5~9.
[10]吴莉芳,秦贵信,孙泽威,等.饲料中去皮豆粕替代鱼粉对埃及胡子鲇消化酶活力和肠道组织的影响[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2010,49(4):99~105.
[11]徐永健.对虾综合养殖池氮磷的收支、变动及其利用率的研究:[D].青岛:青岛海洋大学,2000.
[12]杨逸萍,王增焕,孙建,等.精养虾池主要水化学因子变化规律和氮的收支[J].海洋科学,1999,1:15~17.
[13]姚迪翡.慢性溃疡性结肠炎小鼠肠道组织CHI3L1、IL-13、CD44表达的变化及益生菌防治对其的影响[D].杭州:浙江大学,2013.
[14]张帆,张文兵,麦康森,等.饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉对大黄鱼生长、消化酶活性和消化道组织学的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2012,(1):75~82.
[15]张伟,王文娟,蔡春芳,等.豆粕对异育银鲫(方正银鲫♀×兴国红鲤♂)生长性能及肠道形态的影响[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(4):791~797.
[16]Alexander Brinker.Guar gum in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)feed:The influence of quality and dose on stabilisation of faecal solids[J].Aquaculture,2007,267:315~327.
[17]C.Kwei Lin,Yang Yi,James S.Diana.The Effects of Pond Management Strategies on Nutrient Budgets:Thailand[C].Global Studies and Activities,19~24.
[18]Daniels H V,Boyd C E.Chemical budgets for polyethylene lined,brackish water ponds[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,1989,20(2):53~60.
[19]Jackson C,Preston N,Peter J Thompson,et al.Nitrogen budget and effluent nitrogen components at an intensive shrimp farm[J].Aquaculture,2003,218:397~411.
[20]Krom M D,Neori A.A total nutrient budget for an experimental intensive fishpond with circularly moving seawater[J].Aquaculture,1989,15:185~193.
[21]Leenhouwers J I,Adjei-Boateng D,Verreth J A J,et al.Digesta Viscosity,Nutrient Digestibility and Organ Weights in African Catfish(Clarias Gariepinus)Fed Diets Supplemented with Different Levels of a Soluble Non:Tarch Polysaccharide[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2010,12(2):111~116.
[22]Refstie S,Helland S J,Storebakken T,et al.Adaptation to Soybean Meal in Diets for Rainbow Trout,Oncorhynchus Mykiss[J].Aquaculture,1997,153(3~4):263~272.
[23]Refstie S,Svihus B,Shearer K D,et al.Nutrient Digestibility in Atlantic Salmon and Broiler Chickens Related To Viscosity and Non-starch Polysaccharide Content in Different Soyabean Products[J].Animal Feed Science&Technology,1999,79(4):331~345.
[24]S torebakken T,Kvien I S,Shearer K D,et al.The Apparent Digestibility of Diets Containing Fish Meal,Soybean Meal or Bacterial Meal Fed to Atlantic Salmon(Salmo Salar):Evaluation of Different Faecal Collection Methods[J].Aquaculture,1998,169(3~4):195~210.
[2]陈四清.中国对虾配合饲料入水后营养成分的流失及其对水环境的影响[J].中国水产科学,1995,12(2):4.
[3]顾振东.瓜尔豆胶的生产及其应用研究进展[J].广西轻工业,2010,7:21~23.
[4]蒋明.用两种粪便收集方法测定草鱼对九种饲料原料的表观消化率[J].淡水渔业,2006,3:23~25.
[5]孔俊豪.瓜尔胶及其衍生物最新研究进展[J].食品研究与开发,2009,4:167~170.
[6]李兆新.对虾配合饲料水中稳定性的影响因素及其测定方法[J].海洋水产科学研究,2009,3:49~53.
[7]柳旭东等.国内外4种微颗粒饲料的水中稳定性及其对部分水质指标的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2009,4:89~93.
[8]宋文新.黑鲷幼鱼饲料中发酵豆粕部分替代鱼粉的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2009.
[9]王吉桥.三种黏合剂及其不同组合对仿刺参配合饵料水稳定性和消化率的影响[J].饲料博览,2007,3:5~9.
[10]吴莉芳,秦贵信,孙泽威,等.饲料中去皮豆粕替代鱼粉对埃及胡子鲇消化酶活力和肠道组织的影响[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2010,49(4):99~105.
[11]徐永健.对虾综合养殖池氮磷的收支、变动及其利用率的研究:[D].青岛:青岛海洋大学,2000.
[12]杨逸萍,王增焕,孙建,等.精养虾池主要水化学因子变化规律和氮的收支[J].海洋科学,1999,1:15~17.
[13]姚迪翡.慢性溃疡性结肠炎小鼠肠道组织CHI3L1、IL-13、CD44表达的变化及益生菌防治对其的影响[D].杭州:浙江大学,2013.
[14]张帆,张文兵,麦康森,等.饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉对大黄鱼生长、消化酶活性和消化道组织学的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2012,(1):75~82.
[15]张伟,王文娟,蔡春芳,等.豆粕对异育银鲫(方正银鲫♀×兴国红鲤♂)生长性能及肠道形态的影响[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(4):791~797.
[16]Alexander Brinker.Guar gum in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)feed:The influence of quality and dose on stabilisation of faecal solids[J].Aquaculture,2007,267:315~327.
[17]C.Kwei Lin,Yang Yi,James S.Diana.The Effects of Pond Management Strategies on Nutrient Budgets:Thailand[C].Global Studies and Activities,19~24.
[18]Daniels H V,Boyd C E.Chemical budgets for polyethylene lined,brackish water ponds[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,1989,20(2):53~60.
[19]Jackson C,Preston N,Peter J Thompson,et al.Nitrogen budget and effluent nitrogen components at an intensive shrimp farm[J].Aquaculture,2003,218:397~411.
[20]Krom M D,Neori A.A total nutrient budget for an experimental intensive fishpond with circularly moving seawater[J].Aquaculture,1989,15:185~193.
[21]Leenhouwers J I,Adjei-Boateng D,Verreth J A J,et al.Digesta Viscosity,Nutrient Digestibility and Organ Weights in African Catfish(Clarias Gariepinus)Fed Diets Supplemented with Different Levels of a Soluble Non:Tarch Polysaccharide[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2010,12(2):111~116.
[22]Refstie S,Helland S J,Storebakken T,et al.Adaptation to Soybean Meal in Diets for Rainbow Trout,Oncorhynchus Mykiss[J].Aquaculture,1997,153(3~4):263~272.
[23]Refstie S,Svihus B,Shearer K D,et al.Nutrient Digestibility in Atlantic Salmon and Broiler Chickens Related To Viscosity and Non-starch Polysaccharide Content in Different Soyabean Products[J].Animal Feed Science&Technology,1999,79(4):331~345.
[24]S torebakken T,Kvien I S,Shearer K D,et al.The Apparent Digestibility of Diets Containing Fish Meal,Soybean Meal or Bacterial Meal Fed to Atlantic Salmon(Salmo Salar):Evaluation of Different Faecal Collection Methods[J].Aquaculture,1998,169(3~4):195~210.