垢晶体在黏土颗粒表面沉积过程及影响因素
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摘要
以与微生物颗粒大小及表面性质接近的黏土颗粒为研究对象,采用光学显微镜、激光粒度仪和Zeta电位测定仪对其表面沉积垢的形貌变化、粒径变化和Zeta电位变化进行研究,探索垢晶体在颗粒表面的沉积规律,分析垢晶体在黏土表面的沉积过程及影响因素。结果表明:垢晶体在黏土颗粒表面沉积过程由垢晶体形成诱导期、垢晶核形成期和垢晶体长大期3个阶段组成。随着垢晶体沉积量的增大、温度的升高、搅拌速度的加速,垢沉积诱导期均呈下降趋势,垢晶核形成速率常数随之增大。另外,Ca~(2+),SO_4~(2-)浓度增加有利于垢晶体在黏土颗粒表面沉积,而Mg~(2+),CO_3~(2-),HCO_3~-加入不利于垢晶体在黏土颗粒表面沉积。
Scale crystals,gathering and depositing on the surface of crude oil degradation bacteria,would decrease the degradation ability and even kill the crude oil degradation bacteria. In this paper,clay particle was taken as the research object,owing to whose size and surface properties is similar to that of microbial particles,and optical microscope,laser particle analyzer and Zeta potential analyzer were utilized to study the micro-morphology,particle size and Zeta potential of surface sediment scale,to explore the deposition law and to analyze the processes and influencing factors of scale crystal depositing on the surface of clay particles. The results showed that the processes of scale crystal depositing on the surface of clay particles consist were composed of the induction period,the nucleus forming period and the growing up period. With the increasing of deposition yield of scale crystal,temperature,and stirring rate,the induction period of scale deposition was falling,and the constant of scale nucleation rate increased. In addition,the increasing of Ca~(2+),SO_4~(2-) con-centration was conducive to the deposition of scale crystals on the surface of clay particle,while the addition of Mg~(2+),CO_3~(2-) and HCO_2~- was not conducive to the deposition of scale crystals on the surface of clay particle.
Scale crystals,gathering and depositing on the surface of crude oil degradation bacteria,would decrease the degradation ability and even kill the crude oil degradation bacteria. In this paper,clay particle was taken as the research object,owing to whose size and surface properties is similar to that of microbial particles,and optical microscope,laser particle analyzer and Zeta potential analyzer were utilized to study the micro-morphology,particle size and Zeta potential of surface sediment scale,to explore the deposition law and to analyze the processes and influencing factors of scale crystal depositing on the surface of clay particles. The results showed that the processes of scale crystal depositing on the surface of clay particles consist were composed of the induction period,the nucleus forming period and the growing up period. With the increasing of deposition yield of scale crystal,temperature,and stirring rate,the induction period of scale deposition was falling,and the constant of scale nucleation rate increased. In addition,the increasing of Ca~(2+),SO_4~(2-) con-centration was conducive to the deposition of scale crystals on the surface of clay particle,while the addition of Mg~(2+),CO_3~(2-) and HCO_2~- was not conducive to the deposition of scale crystals on the surface of clay particle.
引文
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[2]WEI Y,LI G.Membrane fouling behavior and microbial community succession in a submerged membrane bioreactor treating harbor oily wastewater[J].J Zhejiang Univ Sci A,2016,17:745-754.
[3]冯庆玲,侯文涛.碳酸钙生物矿化的体外研究进展[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2006,46(12):2019-2023.
[4]沈钟,赵振国,康万利.胶体与界面化学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2012:198-199.
[5]朱水平,曹丽亚,殷甜甜,等.利用电导率法研究聚环氧琥珀酸的阻垢性能[J].上海大学学报(自然科学版),2016,22(2):211-215.
[6]张小霓,于萍,罗运柏.溶液电导率法对碳酸钙结晶动力学的研究[J].应用化学,2004,21(2):187-190.
[7]张克从,张乐潓.晶体生长科学与技术[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,1997:235-246.
[8]方健,李广兵,李杰,等.硫酸钙晶体自发沉淀动力学研究[J].工业水处理,2000,20(10):1-4.
[9]李珊,李彦,屈撑囤.采出水中硫酸钙在膨润土表面的沉积过程[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(10):4741-4745.
[10]BARR,MONTAGNIER C,CHENU C l,et al.Clay minerals as a soil potassium reservoir:observation and quantification through X-ray diffraction[J].Plant&Soil,2008,302(1-2):213-220.
[11]SHNEL O,MULLIN J W.A method for the determination of precipitation induction periods[J].Journal of Cry stal Growth,1978,44(4):377-382.
[12]徐海,郦和生,王岽.硫酸钙结晶过程及其影响因素研究[J].工业水处理,2011,5(31):67-69.
[13]张艳丽,李东光,张宝林.二水硫酸钙的结晶动力学研究[J].化学世界,2005,46(5):257-26.
[14]郝保红,黄俊华.晶体生长机理的研究综述[J].北京石油化工学院学报,2006,14(2):58-64.
[15]GERALD P,杨联璧.Zeta电位测定一检验分散体的实用技术[J].染料工业,1985,13(2):28-36.
[16]利民,金解云.二水硫酸钙结晶动力学研究[J].东华理工学院学报,2004,4(27):378-380.
[17]杨善让,曹生现,陈立军,等.基于电导滴定法的碳酸钙成垢诱导期实验研究[J].工程热物理学报,2008,29(9):1577-1580.
[18]徐志明,张一龙,徐欣.温度及浓度对析晶污垢沉积特性影响的模拟研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(35):6263-6270.
[19]李军,王建华,钟本和,等.Al3+对二水硫酸钙结晶动力学影响的研究[J].成都科技大学学报,1996,21(2):52;54-59.