以黏土颗粒为惰性剂的低爆速乳化炸药爆炸性能及爆轰机理
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摘要
以黏土颗粒为惰性添加剂制备出一种新型乳化炸药;采用探针法和铅柱压缩法分别测得该新型乳化炸药的爆速及猛度,并对黏土颗粒降低乳化炸药爆速的机理进行分析;通过水下爆炸试验测得不同配方的水下爆炸参数。结果表明,当黏土颗粒和玻璃微球质量分数分别在0~20%和5%~15%时,新型乳化炸药的爆速为2 815~4 420m/s,猛度为7.9~18.9mm;通过实验结果拟合得到新型乳化炸药爆速、猛度的经验公式分别为:D=4 923.1-9 930a-2 980b(m/s)、Δh=23.3-74a-20b(mm),其中,a、b分别为新型乳化炸药中玻璃微球和黏土颗粒的质量分数;水下爆炸实验结果表明,黏土颗粒含量对水下爆轰参数有着显著影响,当其质量分数达20%时,新型乳化炸药的峰值压力、冲击波冲量、比冲击波能、比气泡能和总能量相比传统乳化炸药分别下降了33.34%、13.19%、67.67%、71.73%和70.96%。
A novel emulsion explosive is developed using clay particles as an inert additive.Its detonation velocity and brisance were measured by probe method and lead cylinder compression method,respectively.The mechanism of clay particles to reduce the detonation velocity of the emulsion explosive was analyzed.The underwater detonation parameters of different formulas were tested by underwater explosion experiments.The results show that when the mass fraction of clay particles is 0-20% and the mass fraction of grass microspheres is 5%-15%,the detonation velocity of the novel emulsion explosive is 2 815-4 420 m/s and the brisance is 7.9-18.9 mm.The empirical formulas of detonation velocity and brisance of the novel emulsion explosive obtained by fitting experimental results are D=4 923.1-9 930 a-2 980 b(m/s)andΔh=23.3-74 a-20 b(mm)respectively,of which,aand b are the mass fraction of clay particles and grass microspheres,respectively.The results of the underwater explosion experiments reveal that the clay particle content has a significant influence on the results of underwater detonation parameters.When the mass fraction reaches 20%,the peak over pressure,shock wave impulse,specific shock wave energy,specific bubble energy and specific total energy of novel emulsion explosive decrease by 33.34%,13.19%,67.67%,71.73% and 70.96%,respectively,compared with traditional emulsion explosives.
A novel emulsion explosive is developed using clay particles as an inert additive.Its detonation velocity and brisance were measured by probe method and lead cylinder compression method,respectively.The mechanism of clay particles to reduce the detonation velocity of the emulsion explosive was analyzed.The underwater detonation parameters of different formulas were tested by underwater explosion experiments.The results show that when the mass fraction of clay particles is 0-20% and the mass fraction of grass microspheres is 5%-15%,the detonation velocity of the novel emulsion explosive is 2 815-4 420 m/s and the brisance is 7.9-18.9 mm.The empirical formulas of detonation velocity and brisance of the novel emulsion explosive obtained by fitting experimental results are D=4 923.1-9 930 a-2 980 b(m/s)andΔh=23.3-74 a-20 b(mm)respectively,of which,aand b are the mass fraction of clay particles and grass microspheres,respectively.The results of the underwater explosion experiments reveal that the clay particle content has a significant influence on the results of underwater detonation parameters.When the mass fraction reaches 20%,the peak over pressure,shock wave impulse,specific shock wave energy,specific bubble energy and specific total energy of novel emulsion explosive decrease by 33.34%,13.19%,67.67%,71.73% and 70.96%,respectively,compared with traditional emulsion explosives.
引文
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[2]堵平,黄东定,王泽山.一种低爆速炸药及其在地震勘探中的应用[J].兵工学报,2005,26(4):465-468.DU Ping,HUANG Dong-ding,WANG Ze-shan.Application of low detonation velocity explosive in geologic exploration[J].Acta Armamentarii,2005,26(4):465-468.
[3]Loureiro A,Mendes R,Ribeiro J B,et al.Effect of explosive mixture on quality of explosive welds of copper to aluminium[J].Mater Des,2016,95:256-267.
[4]朱帅,刘锋,汪猛,等.新型复合油相乳化炸药基质的非等温热分解特性[J].火炸药学报,2017,40(3):47-52.ZHU Shuai,LIU Feng,WANG Meng,et al.Non-isothermal thermal decomposition characteristics of emulsion explosive matrix prepared by the new type of complex oil phase[J].Chinese Journal of Explosives&Propellants(Huozhayao Xuebao),2017,40(3):47-52.
[5]吴彩洪.废弃动植物油脂在乳化炸药油相中的应用研究[J].爆破器材,2015(5):31-34.WU Cai-hong.Application of waste vegetable oils and animal fats used for emulsion explosive[J].Explosive Materials,2015(5):31-34.
[6]钱海,吴红波,邢化岛,等.铝粉含量和粒径对乳化炸药作功能力的影响[J].火炸药学报,2017,40(1):40-44.QIAN Hai,WU Hong-bo,XING Hua-dao,et al.Effect of aluminum content and particle size on the power of emulsion explosives[J].Chinese Journal of Explosives&Propellants(Huozhayao Xuebao),2017,40(1):40-44.
[7]田建胜,陈青术.铜-A3钢爆炸焊接SE型专用炸药实验研究[J].爆破器材,2008(5):9-12.TIAN Jian-sheng,CHEN Qing-shu.Experimental research on SE explosive used for welding of copper and A3steel[J].Explosive Materials,2008(5):9-12.
[8]田建胜,陈青术.爆炸焊接专用炸药实验研究[J].工程爆破,2008(3):59-62.TIAN Jian-sheng,CHEN Qing-shu.Experimental research on specialized detonator for explosive welding[J].Engineering Blasting,2008(3):59-62.
[9]Shvedov K K,Aniskin A I,Ilin A N,et al.Effect of inert additives on detonation parameters[J].Combustion Explosive,1980,16(3):324-331.
[10]张虎,谢兴华,郭子如,等.铝粉含量对乳化炸药性能影响[J].含能材料,2008,16(6):738-740.ZHANG Hu,XIE Xing-hua,GUO Zi-ru,et al.Effect of aluminum powder content on performance of emulsion explosive[J].Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials,2008,16(6):738-740.
[11]铀铀,刘自军,陈秋宇,等.爆炸焊接炸药中添加剂的研究[J].煤矿爆破,2011(2):21-23.YOU You,LIU Zi-jun,CHEN Qiu-yu,et al.Research on additive agent in explosion welding powder[J].Coal Mine Blasting,2011(2):21-23.
[12]CHENG Yang-fan,YAN Shi-long,MA Hong-hao,et al.A new type of functional chemical sensitizer for improving pressure desensitization resistance of emulsion explosives[J].Shock Waves,2016,26(2):213-219.
[13]Medvedev A E,Fomin V M,Reshetnyak A Y.Mechanism of detonation of emulsion explosives with microballoons[J].Shock Waves,2008,18(2):107-115.
[14]Yunoshev A S,Plastinin A V,Sil′Vestrov V V.Effect of the density of an emulsion explosive on the reaction zone width[J].Combustion,Explosion and Shock Waves,2012,48(3):319-327.
[15]LIN Mou-jing,MA Hong-hao,SHEN Zhao-wu,et al.Effect of aluminum fiber content on the underwater explosion performance of RDX-based explosives[J].Propellants,Explosives,Pyrotechnics,2014,39(2);230-235.
[16]Bjarnholt G.Suggestions on standrads for measurement and data evalustion in the underwater explosion test[J].Propellants and Explosives,1980,5(2/3):67-74.