1513号台风“苏迪罗”不同阶段降水的中尺度特征分析
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摘要
利用分辨率为1°×1°的FNL再分析资料、自动站逐小时降水资料、卫星云顶黑体亮温(TBB)资料以及雷达资料对2015年第13号台风"苏迪罗"不同阶段降水特点、引发暴雨的中尺度对流系统的环境场及其发生发展过程进行了全面分析。分析发现:台风"苏迪罗"具有强度强、在陆地上维持时间长等特点。带来的降水量大、影响范围广。其中降水主要集中在两个阶段:台风登陆过程降水及与冷空气结合引起的降水。两个阶段分别于闽北浙南一带以及江苏地区存在强降水中心,环流云系中存在着明显发展的中尺度对流云团。引发两个阶段暴雨的中尺度对流系统的环境场条件分析发现:(1)台风环流内部的中尺度对流系统的生成和发展是造成暴雨的重要原因。强降水过程发生在低层辐合高层辐散的高低空系统耦合背景下。充沛的水汽条件、地形抬升作用、冷空气入侵等条件触发了强降水。(2)闽北浙南地形抬升加强了低层气流辐合,与中高层辐散气流的相配合是引起中尺度对流活动的主要机制。台风北侧为向岸风,南侧为离岸风,水汽集中在台风主体北部辐合,非对称结构明显,这是导致第一阶段强降水中心主要位于台风主体北部的重要原因。(3)台风北上后由于台风低压环流受北侧高空槽后部冷空气影响,冷空气与南来强盛暖湿气流在苏皖地区交汇,形成强对流活动并导致第二阶段暴雨过程。
Based on the FNL 1°×1° reanalysis data, hourly rainfall data, TBB data and radar reflectivities,this paper analyzes the characteristics, progressions of Mesoscale Convective Systems and environmental conditions of rainfall associated with typhoon Soudelor in different stages. Study shows that the torrential rainfall produced by Soudelor with the characteristics of intensity, long duration in land, wide coverage fields and so on. Most of precipitation concentrated on two stages: typhoon landing process and in combination with cold air. Both stages had great rainfall center in their areas. There were MCSs developing obviously in circulation cloud of Soudelor.Analyzing the environment conditions of Mesoscale Convective System, the result shows that:(1)The generation and development of MCSs in circulation cloud of Soudelor are the main reason that leaded the torrential rainfall. Great precipitation had happened in background which in combination with lower convergence and higher divergence. Abundant water vapor, orographic uplift and influence of cold air provided favorable conditions to the torrential rainfall.(2)The lower convergence airflow was enhanced by the terrain in the north fujian-south zhejiang area, and caused the development of MCSs by cooperating with higher divergence airflow. Most of water vapor concentrated on the north of typhoon body. The obviously asymmetric structure of Soudelor is the main reason lead the great rainfall center of first stage located in the north of typhoon body.(3)The interaction of cold air from the upper-troposphere trough and warm air from ocean in jiangsu-anhui area is the main reason leaded the development of MCSs and the torrential rainfall in second stage.
Based on the FNL 1°×1° reanalysis data, hourly rainfall data, TBB data and radar reflectivities,this paper analyzes the characteristics, progressions of Mesoscale Convective Systems and environmental conditions of rainfall associated with typhoon Soudelor in different stages. Study shows that the torrential rainfall produced by Soudelor with the characteristics of intensity, long duration in land, wide coverage fields and so on. Most of precipitation concentrated on two stages: typhoon landing process and in combination with cold air. Both stages had great rainfall center in their areas. There were MCSs developing obviously in circulation cloud of Soudelor.Analyzing the environment conditions of Mesoscale Convective System, the result shows that:(1)The generation and development of MCSs in circulation cloud of Soudelor are the main reason that leaded the torrential rainfall. Great precipitation had happened in background which in combination with lower convergence and higher divergence. Abundant water vapor, orographic uplift and influence of cold air provided favorable conditions to the torrential rainfall.(2)The lower convergence airflow was enhanced by the terrain in the north fujian-south zhejiang area, and caused the development of MCSs by cooperating with higher divergence airflow. Most of water vapor concentrated on the north of typhoon body. The obviously asymmetric structure of Soudelor is the main reason lead the great rainfall center of first stage located in the north of typhoon body.(3)The interaction of cold air from the upper-troposphere trough and warm air from ocean in jiangsu-anhui area is the main reason leaded the development of MCSs and the torrential rainfall in second stage.
引文
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[18]CHEN S S,KNAFF J A,MARKS F D.Effect of vertical wind shear and storm motion on tropical cyclone rainfall asymmetries deduced from TRMM[J].Mon Wea Rev,2006,134(11):193-208.
[2]陈联寿,徐祥德,罗析贤,等.热带气旋动力学引论[M].北京:气象出版社,317.
[3]李江南,闫敬华,魏晓琳,等.非地转强迫对Fitow(0114)暴雨的影响[J].气象学报,2005,63(1):69-76.
[4]江敦春,党人庆,陈联寿.卫星资料在台风暴雨数值模拟中的应用[J].热带气象学报,1994,10(4):318-324.
[5]郑庆林,吴军.地形对9216号台风增幅影响的数值研究[J].南京气象学院学报,1996,19(1):8-16.
[6]余贞寿,高守亭,任鸿翔.台风“海棠”特大暴雨数值模拟研究[J].气象学报,2007,65(6):864-876.
[7]钮学新,杜惠良,刘建勇.0216号台风降水及其影响降水机制的数值模拟试验[J].气象学报,2005,63(1):57-68.
[8]董美莹,陈联寿,程正泉,等.地形影响热带气旋“泰利”降水增幅的数值研究[J].高原气象,2011,30(3):700-710.
[9]郑庆林,宋青丽.一个台风暴雨模式和山地地面拖曳效应对登陆台风暴雨增幅影响的数值研究[M].台风科学、业务试验和天气动力学理论的研究(第四分册).北京:气象出版社,1996:215-221.
[10]WU C C.Numerical simulation of typhoon Gladys(1994)and its interaction with Taiwan terrain using the GFDL hurricane model[J].Mon Wea Rev,2001,129(10):1 533-1 549.
[11]LIN Y L,CHIAO S,WANG T A,et al.Some common ingredients of heavy orographic rainfall[J].Wea Forecasting,2001,16(6):633-660.
[12]于玉斌,姚秀萍.对华北一次特大台风暴雨过程的位涡诊断分析[J].高原气象,2000,19(1):111-120.
[13]李英,陈联寿,雷小途.高空槽对9711号台风变性加强影响的数值研究[J].气象学报,2006,64(5):552-563.
[14]孟智勇,徐祥德,陈联寿.9406号台风与中纬度系统相互作用的中尺度特征[J].气象学报,2002,60(1):31-39.
[15]丁治英,陈久康.有效位能和冷空气活动与台风暴雨增幅的研究[J].热带气象学报,1995,11(1):80-85.
[16]张沛源,陈荣林.多普勒速度图上的暴雨判据研究[J].应用气象学报.1995,16(3):373-378.
[17]俞小鼎,姚秀萍,熊廷南.多普勒天气雷达原理与业务应用[M].气象出版社,2006:94-94.
[18]CHEN S S,KNAFF J A,MARKS F D.Effect of vertical wind shear and storm motion on tropical cyclone rainfall asymmetries deduced from TRMM[J].Mon Wea Rev,2006,134(11):193-208.