高原低涡东移加深过程的结构分析
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摘要
利用NCEP再分析资料、常规观测资料和FY-2E黑体亮温(TBB)资料对2010年7月21-26日一次成熟阶段垂直厚度大于500 h Pa的深厚高原涡的结构和演变特征进行了综合分析,探讨了此次深厚型低涡的发生发展与高层环流的关系。结果表明:(1)深厚型高原涡生成阶段,低涡内辐合弱,下沉运动强,动力辐合作用不是该低涡发展至对流层高层的原因。南亚高压北侧、东侧高空急流的下沉支流将高层高位涡、高动量的空气向下输送,促使该低涡生成、发展。深厚型高原涡的演变与南亚高压联系密切,南亚高压东部脊线北抬,形成"东北-西南"向,其东南侧的东北气流引导深厚型低涡向西移动。(2)浅薄型高原涡500 h Pa上暖心明显,其上为冷性结构。深厚型高原涡在热力结构上分层明显,时空演变较为复杂,低涡在250 h Pa上与南压高压具有相同的暖性结构,250 h Pa以下为冷性结构,冷性结构的转变过程在不同高度上存在差异。(3)对比不同阶段深厚型高原涡与浅薄型高原涡的动力差异发现,低涡形成前期,深厚型高原涡有强辐合和上升运动,而浅薄型高原涡辐合较弱,以下沉运动为主;在消散期,深厚型高原涡主要减弱因子是水平涡度平流,而垂直涡度转换成水平涡度是造成浅薄型高原涡垂直涡度下降的主要原因。
A present understanding of Plateau Vortex( PV) is regarded as a shallowvortex. However,some studies have pointed out that PV is not always a shallowsystem. A case of PV with a vertical thickness greater than 500 h Pa were analyzed using the NCAR/NCEP reanalysis data,the conventional observations as well as the TBB data from FY-2 E,and we discussed the relationship between the deep plateau vortex and the upper circulation. The results show:( 1) In the developing stage,the convergence of vortex is weak while the downdrafts are strong,convergence is not the reason for the development of the deep plateau vortex which extended to the upper troposphere. The downdrafts of the high potential vorticity and high momentum form the upper air transported by the upper-level jet stream which in the north and east of the South Asian High( SAH) led to the generation and development of vortex. The evolution of the deep plateau vortex is related to SAH. Therefore,the eastern ridge of the SAH moved to the north and a "northeast-southwest"pattern was formed,the northeast flowof southeast SAH led the deep plateau vortex to the west.( 2) The shallowPV has a warm character in thermal structure with a warm core at 500 h Pa. The deep vortex has stratification in thermal structure and complex variety in time and space,Besides,it has a warmer structure as same as the SAH at 250 h Pa and a colder structure below250 h Pa,the changes of the cold part of the vortex vary from height in different stages.( 3) Comparing the dynamic characters between deep and shallowvortices in various stages,we found the deep PV has a stronger convergence and ascending motion in the early than the shallowPV which dominated by the subsidence movement. During the dissipation stage,horizontal vorticity advection is the main factor which causes the deep PV become weaker. On the other hand,the vertical vorticity conversion to the horizontal is the main reason for the decrease of the shallowPV.
A present understanding of Plateau Vortex( PV) is regarded as a shallowvortex. However,some studies have pointed out that PV is not always a shallowsystem. A case of PV with a vertical thickness greater than 500 h Pa were analyzed using the NCAR/NCEP reanalysis data,the conventional observations as well as the TBB data from FY-2 E,and we discussed the relationship between the deep plateau vortex and the upper circulation. The results show:( 1) In the developing stage,the convergence of vortex is weak while the downdrafts are strong,convergence is not the reason for the development of the deep plateau vortex which extended to the upper troposphere. The downdrafts of the high potential vorticity and high momentum form the upper air transported by the upper-level jet stream which in the north and east of the South Asian High( SAH) led to the generation and development of vortex. The evolution of the deep plateau vortex is related to SAH. Therefore,the eastern ridge of the SAH moved to the north and a "northeast-southwest"pattern was formed,the northeast flowof southeast SAH led the deep plateau vortex to the west.( 2) The shallowPV has a warm character in thermal structure with a warm core at 500 h Pa. The deep vortex has stratification in thermal structure and complex variety in time and space,Besides,it has a warmer structure as same as the SAH at 250 h Pa and a colder structure below250 h Pa,the changes of the cold part of the vortex vary from height in different stages.( 3) Comparing the dynamic characters between deep and shallowvortices in various stages,we found the deep PV has a stronger convergence and ascending motion in the early than the shallowPV which dominated by the subsidence movement. During the dissipation stage,horizontal vorticity advection is the main factor which causes the deep PV become weaker. On the other hand,the vertical vorticity conversion to the horizontal is the main reason for the decrease of the shallowPV.
引文
Cheng X L,Li Y Q,Xu L,2016.An analysis of an extreme rainstorm caused by the interaction of the Tibetan Plateau vortex and the Southwest China vortex from an intensive observation[J].Meteor Atmos Phys,128(3):373-399.
Fu S M,Li W L,Sun J H,et al,2015.Universal evolution mechanisms and energy conversion characteristics of long-lived mesoscale vortices over the Sichuan Basin[J].Atmos Sci Lett,16(2):127-134.
Fu S M,Yu F,Wang D H,et al,2013.A comparison of two kinds of eastward-moving mesoscale vortices during the mei-yu period of2012[J].Science China Earth Sciences,56(2):282-300.
Kirk J R,2007.A phase-plot method for diagnosing vorticity concentration mechanisms in mesoscale convective vortices[J].Mon Wea Rev,135:801-820.
Xiang S Y,Li Y Q,Li D,et al,2013.An analysis of heavy precipitation caused by a retracing plateau vortex based on TRMMdata[J].Meteor Atmos Phys,122:3-45.
陈伯民,钱正安,张立盛,1996.夏季青藏高原低涡形成和发展的数值模拟[J].大气科学,20(4):491-502.Chen B M,Qian Z A,Zhang L S,1996.Numerical simulation of the formation and development of vortices over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in summer[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci,20(4):491-502.
董元昌,李国平,2014.凝结潜热在高原涡东移发展不同阶段作用的初步研究[J].成都信息工程学院学报,29(4):400-407.Dong Y C,Li G P,2014.A preliminary study on the role played by latent heating during the different periods of the Tibetan Plateau Vortex's eastward movement and developmet[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Information Technology,29(4):400-407.
傅昺珊,岳艳霞,李国翠,2006.TBB资料的处理及应用[J].气象,32(2):40-45.Fu B S,Yue Y X,Li G C,2006.TBB data processing and application[J].Meteor Mon,32(2):40-45.
何光碧,高文良,屠妮妮,2009.两次高原低涡东移特征及发展机制动力诊断[J].气象学报,67(4):599-612.He G B,Gao W L,Tu N N,2009.The dynamic diagnosis on easterwards moving characteristics and developing mechanism of two Tibetan Plateau vortex processes[J].Acta Meteor Sinica,67(4):599-612.
李国平,蒋静,2000,一类奇异孤波解及其在高原低涡结构分析中的应用[J].气象学报,58(4):447-456.Li G P,Jiang J,2000.A type of singular solitary wave and its application of structure analysis of the Tibetan Plateau vortex[J].Acta Meteor Sinica,58(4):447-456.
李国平,卢会国,黄楚惠,等,2016.青藏高原夏季地面热源的气候特征及其对高原低涡生成的影响[J].大气科学,40(1):131-141.Li G P,Lu H G,Huang C H,et al,2016.A climatology of the surface heat source on the Tibetan Plateau in summer and its impacts on the formation of the Tibetan Plateau Vortex[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci,40(1):131-141.
李国平,徐琪,2005.边界层动力“抽吸汞”对青藏高原低涡作用的初步研究[J].大气科学,29(6):965-972.Li G P,Xu Q,2005.Effect of dynamic pumping in the boundary layer on the Tibetan Plateau Vortices[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci,29(6):965-972.
李国平,赵邦杰,杨锦青,2002.地面感热对青藏高原低涡流场结构及发展的作用[J].大气科学,26(4):519-525.Li G P,Zhao BJ,Yang J Q,2002.A dynamical study of the role of surface sensible heating in the structure and intensification of the Tibetan Plateau Vortices[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci,26(4):519-525.
李国平,2013.高原涡、西南涡研究的新进展及有关科学问题[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,7(3):1-6.Li G P,2013.Advance in Tibetan Plateau Vortex and Southwest Vortex research and related scientific problems[J].Desert Oasis Meteor,7(3):1-6.
李跃清,郁淑华,彭骏,等,2012.青藏高原低涡切变线年鉴[M].北京:科学出版社,113.Li Y Q,Yu S H,Peng J,et al,2012.Yearbook of Tibet Plateau vortex and shear line in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[M].Beijing:Science Press,113.
林志强,2015.1979-2013年ERA-Interim资料的青藏高原低涡活动特征分析[J].气象学报,73(5):925-939.Lin Z Q,2015.An objective analysis of the Tibetan Plateau vortexes base on the ERA-interim reanalysis data:1979-2013[J].Acta Meteor Sinica,73(5):925-939.
刘福明,伏梅娟,1886.东移的青藏高原低涡的研究[J].高原气象,5(2):125-134.Liu F M,Fu MJ,1986.A study on the moving eastward lows over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Plateau Meteor,5(2):125-134.
刘英,王东海,张中锋,等,2012.东北冷涡的结构及其演变特征的个例综合分析[J].气象学报.70(03):354-370.Liu Y,Wang D H,Zhang Z F,et al,2012.A comprehensive analysis of the structure of a Northeast China-cold-vortex and its characteristics of evolution[J].Acta Meteor Sinica,70(3):354-370.
柳草,李跃清,李德俊,2010.高原低涡移出高原的动力结构特征分析[J].高原山地气象研究,29(3):8-11.Liu C,Li Y Q,Li DJ,2010.Analysis on the dynamic structure of vortex moving out of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Plateau Mountain Meteor Res,29(3):8-11.
罗四维,1992.青藏高原及其邻近地区几类天气系统的研究[M].北京:气象出版社,7-53.Luo S W,1992.The research of several synoptic systems over the Tibetan Plateau and nearby areas[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,7-53.
罗四维,杨洋,1992.一次青藏高原夏季低涡的数值模拟研究[J].高原气象,V11(1):39-48.Luo S W,Yang Y,1992.A case study on numerical simulation of summer vortex over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Plateau Meteor,V11(1):39-48.
吕君宁,钱正安,单扶民,等,1984.夏季青藏高原低涡的综合结构,青藏高原气象科学试验文集(二)[M],北京:科学出版社.LüJ N,Qian Z N,Shan F M,et al,1984.The discuss on climate factors and statistic analysis of the Tibetan Plateau vortex in 1979summer.In:The Tibetan Plateau Meteorological Experiment CorpusⅡ[M].Beijing:Science Press.
乔全明,张雅高,1994.青藏高原天气学[M].北京:气象出版社,147-155.Qiao Q M,Zhang Y G,1994.Synoptic meteorology of the Tibetan Plateau[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,147-155.
青藏高原气象科研拉萨会战组,1981.夏半年青藏高原500毫巴低涡切变线研究[M].北京:科学出版社.Lhasa group for Tibetan Plateau meteorology research,1981.Research of 500 h Pa shear lines over the Tibetan Plateau in summer[M].Beijing:Science Press.
寿绍文,2010.位涡理论及其应用[J].气象,36(3):9-18.Shou SW,2010.Theory and application of potential vorticity[J].Meteor Mon,36(3):9-18.
宋雯雯,李国平,2010.高原低涡结构特征模拟与诊断的初步研究[J].成都信息工程学院学报,25(3):281-285.Song W W,Li G P,2010.Study of character simulation and diagnoses of Plateau Vortex[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Information Technology,25(3):281-285.
王鑫,李跃清,郁淑华,等,2009.青藏高原低涡活动的统计研究[J].高原气象,(01):64-71.Wang X,Li Y Q,Yu S H,et al,2009.Statistical study on the plateau lowvortex activities[J].Plateau Meteor,28(1):64-71.
吴国雄,郑永骏,刘屹岷,2013.涡旋发展和移动的动力和热力问题Ⅱ:广义倾斜涡度发展[J].气象学报,71(2):198-208.Wu GX,Zheng Y J,Liu Y M,2013.Dynamical and thermal problems in vortex development and movement.Part II:Generalized slantwise vorticity development[J].Acta Meteor Sinica,71(2):198-208.
杨克明,林建,康志明,等,2006.2004年7月黄淮特大暴雨的天气动力学分析[J].高原气象,25(5):781-791.Yang K M,Lin J,Kang Z M,et al,2006.Synoptica diagnostic analysis on a heavy rainstorm between YellowRiver and Huaihe River in summer of 2004[J].Plateau Meteor,25(5):781-791.
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郁淑华,高文良,肖玉华,2008.冷空气对两例高原低涡移出高原影响的分析[J].高原气象,27(1):96-103.Yu S H,Gao W L,Xiao Y H,2008.Analysis for the influence of old air mass on two cases of plateau vortex moving out of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Plateau Meteor,27(1):96-103.
郁淑华,高文良,2006.高原低涡移出高原的观测事实分析[J].气象学报,64(3):392-399.Yu S H,Gao W L,2006.Observational analysis on the movement of vortices before/after moving out the Tibetan Plateau[J].Acta Meteor Sinica,64(3):392-399.
郁淑华,高文良,2010.1998年夏季两例青藏高原低涡结构特征的比较[J].高原气象,29(6):1357-1368.Yu S H,Gao W L,2010.Comparison on structure characteristics of two Tibetan Plateau vortexes in summer,1998[J].Plateau Meteor,29(6):1357-1368.
郁淑华,高文良,2016.高原涡移出高原后持续的对流层高层环流特征[J].高原气象,35(6):1441-1455.Yu S H,Gao W L,2016.Circulation features of sustained departure Qinghai-Xizang Plateau vortex at upper tropospheric level[J].Plateau Meteor,35(6):1441-1455.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2016.00026.
Fu S M,Li W L,Sun J H,et al,2015.Universal evolution mechanisms and energy conversion characteristics of long-lived mesoscale vortices over the Sichuan Basin[J].Atmos Sci Lett,16(2):127-134.
Fu S M,Yu F,Wang D H,et al,2013.A comparison of two kinds of eastward-moving mesoscale vortices during the mei-yu period of2012[J].Science China Earth Sciences,56(2):282-300.
Kirk J R,2007.A phase-plot method for diagnosing vorticity concentration mechanisms in mesoscale convective vortices[J].Mon Wea Rev,135:801-820.
Xiang S Y,Li Y Q,Li D,et al,2013.An analysis of heavy precipitation caused by a retracing plateau vortex based on TRMMdata[J].Meteor Atmos Phys,122:3-45.
陈伯民,钱正安,张立盛,1996.夏季青藏高原低涡形成和发展的数值模拟[J].大气科学,20(4):491-502.Chen B M,Qian Z A,Zhang L S,1996.Numerical simulation of the formation and development of vortices over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in summer[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci,20(4):491-502.
董元昌,李国平,2014.凝结潜热在高原涡东移发展不同阶段作用的初步研究[J].成都信息工程学院学报,29(4):400-407.Dong Y C,Li G P,2014.A preliminary study on the role played by latent heating during the different periods of the Tibetan Plateau Vortex's eastward movement and developmet[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Information Technology,29(4):400-407.
傅昺珊,岳艳霞,李国翠,2006.TBB资料的处理及应用[J].气象,32(2):40-45.Fu B S,Yue Y X,Li G C,2006.TBB data processing and application[J].Meteor Mon,32(2):40-45.
何光碧,高文良,屠妮妮,2009.两次高原低涡东移特征及发展机制动力诊断[J].气象学报,67(4):599-612.He G B,Gao W L,Tu N N,2009.The dynamic diagnosis on easterwards moving characteristics and developing mechanism of two Tibetan Plateau vortex processes[J].Acta Meteor Sinica,67(4):599-612.
李国平,蒋静,2000,一类奇异孤波解及其在高原低涡结构分析中的应用[J].气象学报,58(4):447-456.Li G P,Jiang J,2000.A type of singular solitary wave and its application of structure analysis of the Tibetan Plateau vortex[J].Acta Meteor Sinica,58(4):447-456.
李国平,卢会国,黄楚惠,等,2016.青藏高原夏季地面热源的气候特征及其对高原低涡生成的影响[J].大气科学,40(1):131-141.Li G P,Lu H G,Huang C H,et al,2016.A climatology of the surface heat source on the Tibetan Plateau in summer and its impacts on the formation of the Tibetan Plateau Vortex[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci,40(1):131-141.
李国平,徐琪,2005.边界层动力“抽吸汞”对青藏高原低涡作用的初步研究[J].大气科学,29(6):965-972.Li G P,Xu Q,2005.Effect of dynamic pumping in the boundary layer on the Tibetan Plateau Vortices[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci,29(6):965-972.
李国平,赵邦杰,杨锦青,2002.地面感热对青藏高原低涡流场结构及发展的作用[J].大气科学,26(4):519-525.Li G P,Zhao BJ,Yang J Q,2002.A dynamical study of the role of surface sensible heating in the structure and intensification of the Tibetan Plateau Vortices[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci,26(4):519-525.
李国平,2013.高原涡、西南涡研究的新进展及有关科学问题[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,7(3):1-6.Li G P,2013.Advance in Tibetan Plateau Vortex and Southwest Vortex research and related scientific problems[J].Desert Oasis Meteor,7(3):1-6.
李跃清,郁淑华,彭骏,等,2012.青藏高原低涡切变线年鉴[M].北京:科学出版社,113.Li Y Q,Yu S H,Peng J,et al,2012.Yearbook of Tibet Plateau vortex and shear line in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[M].Beijing:Science Press,113.
林志强,2015.1979-2013年ERA-Interim资料的青藏高原低涡活动特征分析[J].气象学报,73(5):925-939.Lin Z Q,2015.An objective analysis of the Tibetan Plateau vortexes base on the ERA-interim reanalysis data:1979-2013[J].Acta Meteor Sinica,73(5):925-939.
刘福明,伏梅娟,1886.东移的青藏高原低涡的研究[J].高原气象,5(2):125-134.Liu F M,Fu MJ,1986.A study on the moving eastward lows over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Plateau Meteor,5(2):125-134.
刘英,王东海,张中锋,等,2012.东北冷涡的结构及其演变特征的个例综合分析[J].气象学报.70(03):354-370.Liu Y,Wang D H,Zhang Z F,et al,2012.A comprehensive analysis of the structure of a Northeast China-cold-vortex and its characteristics of evolution[J].Acta Meteor Sinica,70(3):354-370.
柳草,李跃清,李德俊,2010.高原低涡移出高原的动力结构特征分析[J].高原山地气象研究,29(3):8-11.Liu C,Li Y Q,Li DJ,2010.Analysis on the dynamic structure of vortex moving out of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Plateau Mountain Meteor Res,29(3):8-11.
罗四维,1992.青藏高原及其邻近地区几类天气系统的研究[M].北京:气象出版社,7-53.Luo S W,1992.The research of several synoptic systems over the Tibetan Plateau and nearby areas[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,7-53.
罗四维,杨洋,1992.一次青藏高原夏季低涡的数值模拟研究[J].高原气象,V11(1):39-48.Luo S W,Yang Y,1992.A case study on numerical simulation of summer vortex over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Plateau Meteor,V11(1):39-48.
吕君宁,钱正安,单扶民,等,1984.夏季青藏高原低涡的综合结构,青藏高原气象科学试验文集(二)[M],北京:科学出版社.LüJ N,Qian Z N,Shan F M,et al,1984.The discuss on climate factors and statistic analysis of the Tibetan Plateau vortex in 1979summer.In:The Tibetan Plateau Meteorological Experiment CorpusⅡ[M].Beijing:Science Press.
乔全明,张雅高,1994.青藏高原天气学[M].北京:气象出版社,147-155.Qiao Q M,Zhang Y G,1994.Synoptic meteorology of the Tibetan Plateau[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,147-155.
青藏高原气象科研拉萨会战组,1981.夏半年青藏高原500毫巴低涡切变线研究[M].北京:科学出版社.Lhasa group for Tibetan Plateau meteorology research,1981.Research of 500 h Pa shear lines over the Tibetan Plateau in summer[M].Beijing:Science Press.
寿绍文,2010.位涡理论及其应用[J].气象,36(3):9-18.Shou SW,2010.Theory and application of potential vorticity[J].Meteor Mon,36(3):9-18.
宋雯雯,李国平,2010.高原低涡结构特征模拟与诊断的初步研究[J].成都信息工程学院学报,25(3):281-285.Song W W,Li G P,2010.Study of character simulation and diagnoses of Plateau Vortex[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Information Technology,25(3):281-285.
王鑫,李跃清,郁淑华,等,2009.青藏高原低涡活动的统计研究[J].高原气象,(01):64-71.Wang X,Li Y Q,Yu S H,et al,2009.Statistical study on the plateau lowvortex activities[J].Plateau Meteor,28(1):64-71.
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