雨季青藏高原东部MCC移动特征及其热动力原因分析
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摘要
利用2012-2016年5-9月风云二号静止卫星资料结合ERA_Interim再分析资料,对雨季青藏高原东部中尺度对流复合体MCC的移动特征进行了对比分析。结果发现,根据高原MCC的移动特征可以将其分为三类:东北移型NE-MCC、东移型NE-MCC和局地生消型L-MCC。NE-MCC一般是高原上生成的,而E-MCC和L-MCC生成源地在高原南坡。对流强的MCC系统通常不能移出高原,而对流强度中等、生命期较长的MCC系统东移特征更为明显,主要是由于强对流MCC一般位于高原南坡且生命周期短。与NE-MCC和E-MCC相比,L-MCC型云盖面积最小、云顶黑体亮温TBB最低、上下两层散度差最大,冰水含量IWC(ice water content)和液水含量LWC(liquid water content)最大,强烈的辐合上升气流使对流加强并形成正反馈机制; NE-MCC与E-MCC相比,生命期较长、系统所处位置相对湿度较低。500 h Pa高度上,NE-MCC的移动受气旋性环流中的西南气流影响,E-MCC受短波槽底部的西风气流影响,L-MCC位于局地气旋性环流中;三类MCC位于高温中心或高温梯度上,可能来源于夏季高原热源的贡献。低层辐合、高层辐散、低层正涡度、高层负涡度或正负涡度梯度的环境配置场有利于MCC的发生发展; MCC中心的垂直剖面上,辐合和辐散中心的散度梯度方向可以判断系统的移动趋势,地形阻挡作用使L-MCC缺乏向北的移动分量。
Based on the TBB data from Fengyun-2 stationary meteorological satellite and the reanalysis data ERA_Interim from ECM WF from May to September during 2012-2016,we conducted a contrastive analysis on the moving characteristics of mesoscale convective complex(MCC)over Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP)in rainy season.The results showed that MCC over the QTP can be divided into three types according to its moving characteristics,which are MCC that move out of the QTP in northeast direction(NE-MCC)and in east direction(E-MCC)and decay locally over the QTP(L-MCC).NE-MCC are usually born in the middle of the QTP while E-MCC and L-MCC are in the southern slope of the QTP.Generally,MCC that can move out of the QTP are not that strong due to its location and lifespan,while MCC that with moderate convective intensity and longer lifespan shows obvious eastward or north-eastward moving feature.Compared with NE-MCC and E-MCC,L-MCC is with the smallest cloud cover,the strongest TBB,the highest IWC and LWC and the maximum divergence difference between two levels that can lead to intense updrafts to enhance the development of L-MCC and at the same time forming a positive feedback mechanism.Compared with E-MCC,NE-MCC have longer lifetime and located in the lower relative humidity place.At the height of 500 hPa,the movement of NE-MCC is affected by the southwest airflowfrom the cyclonic circulation while E-MCC is affected by the westerly air flowat the bottom of the shortwave trough and L-MCC is located in the cyclonic circulation.The three types of MCC are located at the high temperature center or nearby,which may be derived from the contribution of the summer plateau heat source.It is beneficial for the development of MCC if the environmental configuration field has been convergence and positive vorticity in the lowlevel coupled with divergence and negative vorticity or its gradient in the high level.The divergence gradient direction in the vertical section of the system center shows the movement trend of the system.The effect of topography prevents the L-MCC from moving north.
Based on the TBB data from Fengyun-2 stationary meteorological satellite and the reanalysis data ERA_Interim from ECM WF from May to September during 2012-2016,we conducted a contrastive analysis on the moving characteristics of mesoscale convective complex(MCC)over Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP)in rainy season.The results showed that MCC over the QTP can be divided into three types according to its moving characteristics,which are MCC that move out of the QTP in northeast direction(NE-MCC)and in east direction(E-MCC)and decay locally over the QTP(L-MCC).NE-MCC are usually born in the middle of the QTP while E-MCC and L-MCC are in the southern slope of the QTP.Generally,MCC that can move out of the QTP are not that strong due to its location and lifespan,while MCC that with moderate convective intensity and longer lifespan shows obvious eastward or north-eastward moving feature.Compared with NE-MCC and E-MCC,L-MCC is with the smallest cloud cover,the strongest TBB,the highest IWC and LWC and the maximum divergence difference between two levels that can lead to intense updrafts to enhance the development of L-MCC and at the same time forming a positive feedback mechanism.Compared with E-MCC,NE-MCC have longer lifetime and located in the lower relative humidity place.At the height of 500 hPa,the movement of NE-MCC is affected by the southwest airflowfrom the cyclonic circulation while E-MCC is affected by the westerly air flowat the bottom of the shortwave trough and L-MCC is located in the cyclonic circulation.The three types of MCC are located at the high temperature center or nearby,which may be derived from the contribution of the summer plateau heat source.It is beneficial for the development of MCC if the environmental configuration field has been convergence and positive vorticity in the lowlevel coupled with divergence and negative vorticity or its gradient in the high level.The divergence gradient direction in the vertical section of the system center shows the movement trend of the system.The effect of topography prevents the L-MCC from moving north.
引文
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