黑潮流域内在的平均流-低频变率-中尺度涡之间的非线性相互作用
|
摘要
利用一套新的泛函工具——多尺度子空间变换(MWT),以及基于MWT的局地多尺度能量分析和正则传输理论,文章将黑潮流域重构于平均流、年际低频变化和中尺度涡三个尺度子空间,并从气候态角度分析了这三者之间的能量传输和转换.结果表明台湾以东黑潮存在显著的逆尺度能量级串,平均流从年际尺度和涡旋尺度汲取动能,来自年际尺度的正向能量级串是这个区域涡旋发展和维持的一个内在的局地因素.东海黑潮海域不同尺度之间的能量传输主要表现为平均流和涡旋之间的相互作用,其中南段发生正压和斜压失稳,北段则表现为正压稳定和斜压失稳.日本南部是整个黑潮流域多尺度相互作用最为强烈的区域,该海区的黑潮不仅发生很强的正压、斜压失稳,将能量从平均流输送给涡旋,来自年际尺度的正向能量级串也是该海域涡旋能量的重要来源.同时我们发现该海域年际变化的能量主要来自平均流的正压不稳定,而非来自高频涡旋的逆尺度反馈.
引文
贾英来,刘秦玉,刘伟,林霄沛.2004.台湾以东黑潮流量的年际变化特征.海洋与湖沼,35:507-512
王兴智,李崇银,王桂华.2014.东海黑潮活跃区表层流场的半年内时间尺度变化研究.海洋学报,36:1-11
吴立新,刘秦玉,胡敦欣,李敦欣,左军成,俞永强,孙澈,王启.2007.北太平洋副热带环流变异及其对我国近海动力环境的影响.地球科学进展,22:1224-1230
许灵静,齐继峰,尹宝树,杨德周,陈海英.2017.台湾以东黑潮的低频变化及机制研究.海洋学报,39:15-25
袁东亮,郝佳佳,李健乐,何蕾.2018.不同温室气体排放背景下东海冬季跨陆架碳输运通量.中国科学:地球科学48:683-691
袁耀初,管秉贤.2007.中国近海及其附近海域若干涡旋研究综述Ⅱ.东海和琉球群岛以东海域.海洋学报,29:1-17
Andres M,Park J H,Wimbush M,Zhu X H,Nakamura H,Kim K,Chang K I.2009.Manifestation of the Pacific decadal oscillation in the Kuroshio.Geophys Res Lett,36:L16602
Chang Y L,Miyazawa Y,Guo X.2015.Effects of the STCC eddies on the Kuroshio based on the 20-year JCOPE2 reanalysis results.Prog Oceanogr,135:64-76
Chang Y L,Oey L Y.2011.Interannual and seasonal variations of Kuroshio transport east of Taiwan inferred from 29 years of tidegauge data.Geophys Res Lett,38:L08603
Chen R,Flierl G R,Wunsch C.2014.A description of local and nonlocal eddy-mean flow interaction in a global eddy-permitting state estimate.J Phys Oceanogr,44:2336-2352
Cheng Y H,Ho C R,Zheng Q,Kuo N J.2014.Statistical characteristics of mesoscale eddies in the North Pacific derived from satellite altimetry.Remote Sens,6:5164-5183
Cheng Y H,Ho C R,Zheng Q,Qiu B,Hu J,Kuo N J.2017.Statistical features of eddies approaching the Kuroshio east of Taiwan Island and Luzon Island.J Oceanogr,73:427-438
Ebuchi N,Hanawa K.2000.Mesoscale eddies observed by TOLEX-ADCP and TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter in the Kuroshio recirculation region south of Japan.J Oceanogr,56:43-57
Guo J,Zhang Z,Xia C,Guo B,Yuan Y.2018.Topographic-baroclinic instability and formation of Kuroshio current loop.Dyn Atmos Oceans,81:15-29
Harrison D E,Robinson A R.1978.Energy analysis of open regions of turbulent flows-Mean eddy energetics of a numerical ocean circulation experiment.Dyn Atmos Oceans,2:185-211
Holliday D,McIntyre M E.1981.On potential energy density in an incompressible,stratified fluid.J Fluid Mech,107:221-225
Holopainen E.1978.A Diagnostic study of the kinetic energy balance of the long-term mean flow and the associated transient fluctuations in the atmosphere.Geophysica,15:125-145
Hsin Y C,Qiu B,Chiang T L,Wu C R.2013.Seasonal to interannual variations in the intensity and central position of the surface Kuroshio east of Taiwan.J Geophys Res-Oceans,118:4305-4316
Huang R X.2005.Available potential energy in the world’s oceans.JMar Res,63:141-158
Hwang C,Kao R.2002.TOPEX/POSEIDON-derived space-time variations of the Kuroshio Current:Applications of a gravimetric geoid and wavelet analysis.Geophys J Int,151:835-847
Jan S,Mensah V,Andres M,Chang M H,Yang Y J.2017.EddyKuroshio interactions:Local and remote effects.J Geophys ResOceans,122:9744-9764
Jia Y,Liu Q,Liu W.2005.Primary study of the mechanism of eddy shedding from the Kuroshio Bend in Luzon Strait.J Oceanogr,61:1017-1027
Kang D,Curchitser E N.2015.Energetics of eddy-mean flow interactions in the Gulf Stream region.J Phys Oceanogr,45:1103-1120
Kawabe M.1995.Variations of current path,velocity,and volume transport of the Kuroshio in relation with the large meander.J Phys Oceanogr,25:3103-3117
Kurogi M,Akitomo K.2003.Stable paths of the Kuroshio south of Japan determined by the wind stress field.J Geophys Res,108:3332
Lee I H,Ko D S,Wang Y H,Centurioni L,Wang D P.2013.The mesoscale eddies and Kuroshio transport in the western North Pacific east of Taiwan from 8-year(2003-2010)model reanalysis.Ocean Dyn,63:1027-1040
Liang X S.2016.Canonical transfer and multiscale energetics for primitive and quasigeostrophic atmospheres.J Atmos Sci,73:4439-4468
Liang X S,Anderson D G M.2007.Multiscale window transform.Multiscale Model Simul,6:437-467
Liang X S,Robinson A R.2005.Localized multiscale energy and vorticity analysis:I.Fundamentals.Dyn Atmos Oceans,38:195-230
Liang X S,Robinson A R.2007.Localized multi-scale energy and vorticity analysis:II.Finite-amplitude instability theory and validation.Dyn Atmos Oceans,44:51-76
Liu Z,Gan J.2012.Variability of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea derived from satellite altimetry data.Deep-Sea Res Part I-Oceanogr Res Pap,59:25-36
Lorenz E N.1955.Available potential energy and the maintenance of the general circulation.Tellus,7:157-167
Ma L,Wang Q.2014.Interannual variations in energy conversion and interaction between the mesoscale eddy field and mean flow in the Kuroshio south of Japan.Chin J Ocean Limnol,32:210-222
Ma J,Liang X S.2017.Multiscale dynamical processes underlying the wintertime Atlantic blockings.J Atmos Sci,74:3815-3831
Menemenlis D,Fukumori I,Lee T.2005.Using Green’s functions to calibrate an ocean general circulation model.Mon Weather Rev,133:1224-1240
Miyazawa Y,Guo X,Yamagata T.2004.Roles of mesoscale eddies in the Kuroshio paths.J Phys Oceanogr,34:2203-2222
Na H,Wimbush M,Park J H,Nakamura H,Nishina A.2014.Observations of flow variability through the Kerama gap between the East China Sea and the Northwestern Pacific.J Geophys ResOceans,119:689-703
Oort A H,Ascher S C,Levitus S,Peixóto J P.1989.New estimates of the available potential energy in the world ocean.J Geophys Res,94:3187-3200
Pedlosky J.1987.Geophysical Fluid Dynamics.2nd ed.New York:Springer-Verlag.710
Plumb R A.1983.A new look at the energy cycle.J Atmos Sci,40:1669-1688
Qiu B,Miao W.2000.Kuroshio path variations south of Japan:Bimodality as a self-sustained internal oscillation.J Phys Oceanogr,30:2124-2137
Roullet G,Capet X,Maze G.2014.Global interior eddy available potential energy diagnosed from Argo floats.Geophys Res Lett,41:1651-1656
Shen M L,Tseng Y H,Jan S,Young C C,Chiou M D.2014.Long-term variability of the Kuroshio transport east of Taiwan and the climate it conveys.Prog Oceanogr,121:60-73
Soeyanto E,Guo X,Ono J,Miyazawa Y.2014.Interannual variations of Kuroshio transport in the East China Sea and its relation to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and mesoscale eddies.J Geophys ResOceans,119:3595-3616
Strang G,Nguyen T.1996.Wavelets and Filter Banks.2nd ed.Wellesley:Wellesley-Cambridge Press.520
Storch J S,Eden C,Fast I,Haak H,Hernández-Deckers D,MaierReimer E,Marotzke J,Stammer D.2012.An estimate of the Lorenz energy cycle for the world ocean based on the STORM/NCEPsimulation.J Phys Oceanogr,42:2185-2205
Tailleux R.2013.Available potential energy and exergy in stratified fluids.Annu Rev Fluid Mech,45:35-58
Tseng Y H,Shen M L,Jan S,Dietrich D E,Chiang C P.2012.Validation of the Kuroshio current system in the dual-domain Pacific Ocean Model framework.Prog Oceanogr,105:102-124
Usui T,McSween Jr H Y,Clark III B C.2008.Petrogenesis of highphosphorous Wishstone Class rocks in Gusev Crater,Mars.JGeophys Res,113:C08047
Usui N,Tsujino H,Nakano H,Matsumoto S.2013.Long-term variability of the Kuroshio path south of Japan.J Oceanogr,69:647-670
Wang J,Oey L Y.2014.Inter-annual and decadal fluctuations of the Kuroshio in East China Sea and connection with surface fluxes of momentum and heat.Geophys Res Lett,41:8538-8546
Waseda T,Mitsudera H,Taguchi B,Yoshikawa Y.2002.On the eddyKuroshio interaction:Evolution of the mesoscale eddy.J Geophys Res,107:3
Wu C R.2013.Interannual modulation of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO)on the low-latitude western North Pacific.Prog Oceanogr,110:49-58
Wunsch C,Heimbach P,Ponte R,Fukumori I.2009.The global general circulation of the ocean estimated by the ECCO-consortium.Oceanography,22:88-103
Xu F,Liang X S.2017.On the generation and maintenance of the 2012/13 sudden stratospheric warming.J Atmos Sci,74:3209-3228
Yan X,Zhu X H,Pang C,Zhang L.2016.Effects of mesoscale eddies on the volume transport and branch pattern of the Kuroshio east of Taiwan.J Geophys Res-Oceans,121:7683-7700
Yang G,Wang F,Li Y,Lin P.2013.Mesoscale eddies in the northwestern subtropical Pacific Ocean:Statistical characteristics and three-dimensional structures.J Geophys Res-Oceans,118:1906-1925
Yang Y,San Liang X.2016.The instabilities and multiscale energetics underlying the mean-interannual-eddy interactions in the Kuroshio extension region.J Phys Oceanogr,46:1477-1494
Yang Y,San Liang X,Qiu B,Chen S.2017.On the decadal variability of the eddy kinetic energy in the Kuroshio extension.J Phys Oceanogr,47:1169-1187
Yang Y,Liang X S.2018.On the seasonal eddy variability in the Kuroshio extension.J Phys Oceanogr,48:1675-1689
Yin Y,Lin X,He R,Hou Y.2017.Impact of mesoscale eddies on Kuroshio intrusion variability northeast of Taiwan.J Geophys ResOceans,122:3021-3040
Zemskova V E,White B L,Scotti A.2015.Available potential energy and the general circulation:Partitioning wind,buoyancy forcing,and diapycnal mixing.J Phys Oceanogr,45:1510-1531
Zhang D,Lee T N,Johns W E,Liu C T,Zantopp R.2001.The Kuroshio east of Taiwan:Modes of variability and relationship to interior ocean mesoscale eddies.J Phys Oceanogr,31:1054-1074
Zhang Q,Hou Y,Yan T.2012.Inter-annual and inter-decadal variability of Kuroshio heat transport in the East China Sea.Int JClimatol,32:481-488
Zhao Y B,Liang X S.2018.On the inverse relationship between the boreal wintertime Pacific jet strength and storm-track intensity.JClim,31:9545-9564
Zheng Q,Tai C K,Hu J,Lin H,Zhang R H,Su F C,Yang X.2011.Satellite altimeter observations of nonlinear Rossby eddy-Kuroshio interaction at the Luzon Strait.J Oceanogr,67:365-376
王兴智,李崇银,王桂华.2014.东海黑潮活跃区表层流场的半年内时间尺度变化研究.海洋学报,36:1-11
吴立新,刘秦玉,胡敦欣,李敦欣,左军成,俞永强,孙澈,王启.2007.北太平洋副热带环流变异及其对我国近海动力环境的影响.地球科学进展,22:1224-1230
许灵静,齐继峰,尹宝树,杨德周,陈海英.2017.台湾以东黑潮的低频变化及机制研究.海洋学报,39:15-25
袁东亮,郝佳佳,李健乐,何蕾.2018.不同温室气体排放背景下东海冬季跨陆架碳输运通量.中国科学:地球科学48:683-691
袁耀初,管秉贤.2007.中国近海及其附近海域若干涡旋研究综述Ⅱ.东海和琉球群岛以东海域.海洋学报,29:1-17
Andres M,Park J H,Wimbush M,Zhu X H,Nakamura H,Kim K,Chang K I.2009.Manifestation of the Pacific decadal oscillation in the Kuroshio.Geophys Res Lett,36:L16602
Chang Y L,Miyazawa Y,Guo X.2015.Effects of the STCC eddies on the Kuroshio based on the 20-year JCOPE2 reanalysis results.Prog Oceanogr,135:64-76
Chang Y L,Oey L Y.2011.Interannual and seasonal variations of Kuroshio transport east of Taiwan inferred from 29 years of tidegauge data.Geophys Res Lett,38:L08603
Chen R,Flierl G R,Wunsch C.2014.A description of local and nonlocal eddy-mean flow interaction in a global eddy-permitting state estimate.J Phys Oceanogr,44:2336-2352
Cheng Y H,Ho C R,Zheng Q,Kuo N J.2014.Statistical characteristics of mesoscale eddies in the North Pacific derived from satellite altimetry.Remote Sens,6:5164-5183
Cheng Y H,Ho C R,Zheng Q,Qiu B,Hu J,Kuo N J.2017.Statistical features of eddies approaching the Kuroshio east of Taiwan Island and Luzon Island.J Oceanogr,73:427-438
Ebuchi N,Hanawa K.2000.Mesoscale eddies observed by TOLEX-ADCP and TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter in the Kuroshio recirculation region south of Japan.J Oceanogr,56:43-57
Guo J,Zhang Z,Xia C,Guo B,Yuan Y.2018.Topographic-baroclinic instability and formation of Kuroshio current loop.Dyn Atmos Oceans,81:15-29
Harrison D E,Robinson A R.1978.Energy analysis of open regions of turbulent flows-Mean eddy energetics of a numerical ocean circulation experiment.Dyn Atmos Oceans,2:185-211
Holliday D,McIntyre M E.1981.On potential energy density in an incompressible,stratified fluid.J Fluid Mech,107:221-225
Holopainen E.1978.A Diagnostic study of the kinetic energy balance of the long-term mean flow and the associated transient fluctuations in the atmosphere.Geophysica,15:125-145
Hsin Y C,Qiu B,Chiang T L,Wu C R.2013.Seasonal to interannual variations in the intensity and central position of the surface Kuroshio east of Taiwan.J Geophys Res-Oceans,118:4305-4316
Huang R X.2005.Available potential energy in the world’s oceans.JMar Res,63:141-158
Hwang C,Kao R.2002.TOPEX/POSEIDON-derived space-time variations of the Kuroshio Current:Applications of a gravimetric geoid and wavelet analysis.Geophys J Int,151:835-847
Jan S,Mensah V,Andres M,Chang M H,Yang Y J.2017.EddyKuroshio interactions:Local and remote effects.J Geophys ResOceans,122:9744-9764
Jia Y,Liu Q,Liu W.2005.Primary study of the mechanism of eddy shedding from the Kuroshio Bend in Luzon Strait.J Oceanogr,61:1017-1027
Kang D,Curchitser E N.2015.Energetics of eddy-mean flow interactions in the Gulf Stream region.J Phys Oceanogr,45:1103-1120
Kawabe M.1995.Variations of current path,velocity,and volume transport of the Kuroshio in relation with the large meander.J Phys Oceanogr,25:3103-3117
Kurogi M,Akitomo K.2003.Stable paths of the Kuroshio south of Japan determined by the wind stress field.J Geophys Res,108:3332
Lee I H,Ko D S,Wang Y H,Centurioni L,Wang D P.2013.The mesoscale eddies and Kuroshio transport in the western North Pacific east of Taiwan from 8-year(2003-2010)model reanalysis.Ocean Dyn,63:1027-1040
Liang X S.2016.Canonical transfer and multiscale energetics for primitive and quasigeostrophic atmospheres.J Atmos Sci,73:4439-4468
Liang X S,Anderson D G M.2007.Multiscale window transform.Multiscale Model Simul,6:437-467
Liang X S,Robinson A R.2005.Localized multiscale energy and vorticity analysis:I.Fundamentals.Dyn Atmos Oceans,38:195-230
Liang X S,Robinson A R.2007.Localized multi-scale energy and vorticity analysis:II.Finite-amplitude instability theory and validation.Dyn Atmos Oceans,44:51-76
Liu Z,Gan J.2012.Variability of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea derived from satellite altimetry data.Deep-Sea Res Part I-Oceanogr Res Pap,59:25-36
Lorenz E N.1955.Available potential energy and the maintenance of the general circulation.Tellus,7:157-167
Ma L,Wang Q.2014.Interannual variations in energy conversion and interaction between the mesoscale eddy field and mean flow in the Kuroshio south of Japan.Chin J Ocean Limnol,32:210-222
Ma J,Liang X S.2017.Multiscale dynamical processes underlying the wintertime Atlantic blockings.J Atmos Sci,74:3815-3831
Menemenlis D,Fukumori I,Lee T.2005.Using Green’s functions to calibrate an ocean general circulation model.Mon Weather Rev,133:1224-1240
Miyazawa Y,Guo X,Yamagata T.2004.Roles of mesoscale eddies in the Kuroshio paths.J Phys Oceanogr,34:2203-2222
Na H,Wimbush M,Park J H,Nakamura H,Nishina A.2014.Observations of flow variability through the Kerama gap between the East China Sea and the Northwestern Pacific.J Geophys ResOceans,119:689-703
Oort A H,Ascher S C,Levitus S,Peixóto J P.1989.New estimates of the available potential energy in the world ocean.J Geophys Res,94:3187-3200
Pedlosky J.1987.Geophysical Fluid Dynamics.2nd ed.New York:Springer-Verlag.710
Plumb R A.1983.A new look at the energy cycle.J Atmos Sci,40:1669-1688
Qiu B,Miao W.2000.Kuroshio path variations south of Japan:Bimodality as a self-sustained internal oscillation.J Phys Oceanogr,30:2124-2137
Roullet G,Capet X,Maze G.2014.Global interior eddy available potential energy diagnosed from Argo floats.Geophys Res Lett,41:1651-1656
Shen M L,Tseng Y H,Jan S,Young C C,Chiou M D.2014.Long-term variability of the Kuroshio transport east of Taiwan and the climate it conveys.Prog Oceanogr,121:60-73
Soeyanto E,Guo X,Ono J,Miyazawa Y.2014.Interannual variations of Kuroshio transport in the East China Sea and its relation to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and mesoscale eddies.J Geophys ResOceans,119:3595-3616
Strang G,Nguyen T.1996.Wavelets and Filter Banks.2nd ed.Wellesley:Wellesley-Cambridge Press.520
Storch J S,Eden C,Fast I,Haak H,Hernández-Deckers D,MaierReimer E,Marotzke J,Stammer D.2012.An estimate of the Lorenz energy cycle for the world ocean based on the STORM/NCEPsimulation.J Phys Oceanogr,42:2185-2205
Tailleux R.2013.Available potential energy and exergy in stratified fluids.Annu Rev Fluid Mech,45:35-58
Tseng Y H,Shen M L,Jan S,Dietrich D E,Chiang C P.2012.Validation of the Kuroshio current system in the dual-domain Pacific Ocean Model framework.Prog Oceanogr,105:102-124
Usui T,McSween Jr H Y,Clark III B C.2008.Petrogenesis of highphosphorous Wishstone Class rocks in Gusev Crater,Mars.JGeophys Res,113:C08047
Usui N,Tsujino H,Nakano H,Matsumoto S.2013.Long-term variability of the Kuroshio path south of Japan.J Oceanogr,69:647-670
Wang J,Oey L Y.2014.Inter-annual and decadal fluctuations of the Kuroshio in East China Sea and connection with surface fluxes of momentum and heat.Geophys Res Lett,41:8538-8546
Waseda T,Mitsudera H,Taguchi B,Yoshikawa Y.2002.On the eddyKuroshio interaction:Evolution of the mesoscale eddy.J Geophys Res,107:3
Wu C R.2013.Interannual modulation of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO)on the low-latitude western North Pacific.Prog Oceanogr,110:49-58
Wunsch C,Heimbach P,Ponte R,Fukumori I.2009.The global general circulation of the ocean estimated by the ECCO-consortium.Oceanography,22:88-103
Xu F,Liang X S.2017.On the generation and maintenance of the 2012/13 sudden stratospheric warming.J Atmos Sci,74:3209-3228
Yan X,Zhu X H,Pang C,Zhang L.2016.Effects of mesoscale eddies on the volume transport and branch pattern of the Kuroshio east of Taiwan.J Geophys Res-Oceans,121:7683-7700
Yang G,Wang F,Li Y,Lin P.2013.Mesoscale eddies in the northwestern subtropical Pacific Ocean:Statistical characteristics and three-dimensional structures.J Geophys Res-Oceans,118:1906-1925
Yang Y,San Liang X.2016.The instabilities and multiscale energetics underlying the mean-interannual-eddy interactions in the Kuroshio extension region.J Phys Oceanogr,46:1477-1494
Yang Y,San Liang X,Qiu B,Chen S.2017.On the decadal variability of the eddy kinetic energy in the Kuroshio extension.J Phys Oceanogr,47:1169-1187
Yang Y,Liang X S.2018.On the seasonal eddy variability in the Kuroshio extension.J Phys Oceanogr,48:1675-1689
Yin Y,Lin X,He R,Hou Y.2017.Impact of mesoscale eddies on Kuroshio intrusion variability northeast of Taiwan.J Geophys ResOceans,122:3021-3040
Zemskova V E,White B L,Scotti A.2015.Available potential energy and the general circulation:Partitioning wind,buoyancy forcing,and diapycnal mixing.J Phys Oceanogr,45:1510-1531
Zhang D,Lee T N,Johns W E,Liu C T,Zantopp R.2001.The Kuroshio east of Taiwan:Modes of variability and relationship to interior ocean mesoscale eddies.J Phys Oceanogr,31:1054-1074
Zhang Q,Hou Y,Yan T.2012.Inter-annual and inter-decadal variability of Kuroshio heat transport in the East China Sea.Int JClimatol,32:481-488
Zhao Y B,Liang X S.2018.On the inverse relationship between the boreal wintertime Pacific jet strength and storm-track intensity.JClim,31:9545-9564
Zheng Q,Tai C K,Hu J,Lin H,Zhang R H,Su F C,Yang X.2011.Satellite altimeter observations of nonlinear Rossby eddy-Kuroshio interaction at the Luzon Strait.J Oceanogr,67:365-376