邯郸市黑碳气溶胶浓度变化及影响因素分析
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摘要
根据2013年3月—2017年2月邯郸市河北工程大学站点的黑碳气溶胶、PM2.5、大气污染物的小时浓度数据及常规气象数据,对邯郸市黑碳浓度的时间变化特征及影响因素进行分析.结果表明,4年来邯郸市黑碳浓度呈逐年下降的趋势:与2013年相比,2014—2016年黑碳气溶胶浓度分别下降了5%、16%、24%;邯郸市黑碳气溶胶浓度的季节变化趋势基本一致且季节变化特征明显,冬季黑碳气溶胶浓度最高,秋季次之,春夏两季最低,其中,冬季平均浓度分别是春、夏、秋季的2.07、2.77、1.49倍;其日变化呈单峰单谷状,且4个季节的日变化趋势相同,峰值均出现在6:00—8:00,谷值均出现在14:00—15:00.黑碳与PM2.5的相关系数r为0.860,相关性显著,说明黑碳气溶胶和PM2.5的来源大部分是一致的;风速和风向对黑碳气溶胶浓度也有影响,黑碳气溶胶浓度随风速增加而降低;4个季节高频风向为南-西南方向,且该风向下黑碳气溶胶浓度均较高,冬季南-西南风向下的黑碳浓度最高;应用后向轨迹对研究时段内4段重污染期间的气流轨迹进行模拟发现,邯郸市黑碳气溶胶浓度较高的主要原因是本地源排放和近距离传输,远距离传输贡献较小.
This study used the hourly concentrations of black carbon( BC) aerosol,PM2.5,major gaseous pollutants,and meteorological data from March2013 to February 2017,observed at the site in Hebei University of Engineering located in Handan,to analyze the temporal characteristics of BC concentrations and its influencing factors. Our results showed that the concentration of BC in Handan kept decreasing in the past 4 years,and its concentrations decreased by 5%,16%,and 24% respectively,in 2014—2016 comparing with 2013. The seasonal variations of BC concentrations in Handan were consistent in the past 4 years,the highest concentration occurred in winter,followed by autumn,spring,and summer. The average concentrations of BC in winter was 2. 07,2. 77,and 1. 49 times of those in spring,summer and autumn,respectively. The daily variations presented unimodal,and the peak value appeared at 6:00—8:00,the valley value appeared at 14:00—15:00,which was same to four seasons. We also found that the r of BC and PM2.5 was 0.860,indicating that the sources of BC and PM2.5 are very consistent. Wind speed and wind direction also had influence on BC concentration,its concentrations would decrease when wind speed increased,and the south-southwest direction had higher frequencies in all seasons which accompanied by higher BC concentrations. The highest BC concentrations occurred under south-southwest wind direction. By applying the backward trajectory for 4 heavy pollution processes,we found that the main contributor for the high concentrations of BC in Handan was local source emissions,and the long distance transport contributed only a small fraction.
This study used the hourly concentrations of black carbon( BC) aerosol,PM2.5,major gaseous pollutants,and meteorological data from March2013 to February 2017,observed at the site in Hebei University of Engineering located in Handan,to analyze the temporal characteristics of BC concentrations and its influencing factors. Our results showed that the concentration of BC in Handan kept decreasing in the past 4 years,and its concentrations decreased by 5%,16%,and 24% respectively,in 2014—2016 comparing with 2013. The seasonal variations of BC concentrations in Handan were consistent in the past 4 years,the highest concentration occurred in winter,followed by autumn,spring,and summer. The average concentrations of BC in winter was 2. 07,2. 77,and 1. 49 times of those in spring,summer and autumn,respectively. The daily variations presented unimodal,and the peak value appeared at 6:00—8:00,the valley value appeared at 14:00—15:00,which was same to four seasons. We also found that the r of BC and PM2.5 was 0.860,indicating that the sources of BC and PM2.5 are very consistent. Wind speed and wind direction also had influence on BC concentration,its concentrations would decrease when wind speed increased,and the south-southwest direction had higher frequencies in all seasons which accompanied by higher BC concentrations. The highest BC concentrations occurred under south-southwest wind direction. By applying the backward trajectory for 4 heavy pollution processes,we found that the main contributor for the high concentrations of BC in Handan was local source emissions,and the long distance transport contributed only a small fraction.
引文
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肖思晗,于兴娜,朱彬,等.2016.南京北郊黑碳气溶胶污染特征及影响因素分析[J].环境科学,37(9):3280-3289
徐鹏.2017.北京城区亚微米气溶胶特征及其有机气溶胶的来源解析[D].重庆:西南大学
徐文帅,张大伟,李云婷,等.2016.北京两次沙尘污染过程中PM2.5浓度变化特征[J].气候与环境研究,21(1):78-86
姚青,蔡子颖,韩素芹,等.2012.天津城区秋冬季黑碳气溶胶观测与分析[J].环境化学,31(3):324-329
张宸赫,程兴宏,赵天良,等.2017.不同季节气象条件对北京城区高黑碳浓度变化的影响[J].环境科学学报,37(6):2255-2264
张芬芬,王丽涛,苏捷,等.2015.邯郸市PM2.5中含碳组分的特征及来源分析[J].环境科学与技术,38(8):94-100
张华,马井会,郑有飞.2008.黑碳气溶胶辐射强迫全球分布的模拟研究[J].大气科学,32(05):1147-1158
张磊,张镭,张丁玲,等.2011.兰州远郊区黑碳气溶胶浓度特征[J].中国环境科学,31(8):1248-1255
Zhang Q,Streets D G,Carmichael G R,et al.2009.Asian emissions in2006 for the NASA INTEX-B mission[J].Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics,9(14):5131-5153
赵肖奕.2014.北京市黑碳及PM2.5对代谢综合征患者心血管健康影响的临床及机制研究[D].北京:北京协和医学院
郑超.2016.成都大气中黑碳浓度及其颗粒物特征研究[D].成都:西南交通大学
Zhou X H,Gao J,Wang T,et al.2009.Measurement of black carbon aerosols near two Chinese megacities and the implications for improving emission inventories[J].Atmospheric Environment,43(25):3918-3924
Bibi S,Alam K,Chishtie F,et al.2017.Temporal variation of black carbon concentration using aethalometer observations and its relationships with meteorological variables in Karachi,Pakistan[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics,157-158:67-77
Bhat M A,Romshoo S A,Beig G.2017.Aerosol black carbon at an urban site-Srinagar,northwestern Himalaya,India:Seasonality,sources,meteorology and radiative forcing[J].Atmospheric Environment,165:336-348
杜川利,唐晓,李兴敏,等.2014.城市边界层高度变化特征与颗粒物浓度影响分析[J].高原气象,33(5):1383-1392
丁铭,邹强,葛顺,等.2014.苏州市黑碳气溶胶的污染特征分析[J].中国环境监测,(6):67-71
黄观,刘伟,刘志红,等.2015.黑碳气溶胶研究概况[J].灾害学,30(2):205-214
Jin Q,Fang X,Wen B,et al.2017.Spatio-temporal variations of PM2.5emission in China from 2005 to 2014[J].Chemosphere,183:429-436
Klompmaker J O,Montagne D R,Meliefste K,et al.2015.Spatial variation of ultrafine particles and black carbon in two cities:Results from a short-term measurement campaign.[J].Science of the Total Environment,508:266-275
Kondo Y,Komazaki Y,Miyazaki Y,et al.2006.Temporal variations of elemental carbon in Tokyo[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,111(D12):2193-2214
Kucbel M,Corsaro A,védováB,et al.2017.Temporal and seasonal variations of black carbon in a highly polluted European city:Apportionment of potential sources and the effect of meteorological conditions[J].Journal of Environmental Management,203:1178-1189
李燕军.2014.兰州市区和郊区黑碳浓度特征及其来源分析[D].兰州:兰州大学
李扬,曹军骥,张小曳,等.2005.2003年秋季西安大气中黑碳气溶胶的演化特征及其来源解析[J].气候与环境研究,10(2):229-237
Liu D,Allan J D,Young D E,et al.2014.Size distribution,mixing state and source apportionment of black carbon aerosol in London during wintertime[J].Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics,14(18):10061-10084
马思萌,王丽涛,魏哲,等.2016.邯郸市PM2.5及其化学组分的季节性变化[J].环境工程学报,10(7):3743-3750
Massling A,Nielsen I E,Kristensen D,et al.2015.Atmospheric black carbon and sulfate concentrations in Northeast Greenland[J].Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics,15(16):11465-11493
孟琛琛.2015a.邯郸市PM2.5化学组分特征研究[D].邯郸:河北工程大学
孟琛琛,王丽涛,张芬芬,等.2015b.邯郸市PM2.5中水溶性无机离子污染特征及来源解析[J].环境科学学报,35(11):3443-3451
Qin D,Stocker T,Boschung J,et al.2007.Climate change 2007:the physical science basis:Contributions of working group 1 to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change[J].Computational Geometry,18(2):95-123
秦世广,汤洁,石广玉,等.2007.四川温江黑碳气溶胶浓度观测研究[J].环境科学学报,27(8):1370-1376
Quaas J.2011.Global warming:The soot factor.[J].Nature,471(7339):456-457
汤洁,温玉璞,周凌晞.1999.中国西部大气清洁地区黑碳气溶胶的观测研究[J].应用气象学报,10(2):160-170
王洪强,贺千山,陈勇航,等.2014.2008-2012年上海黑碳浓度变化特征分析[J].环境科学,35(4):1215-1222
Wang R,Tao S,Wang W,et al.2012.Black carbon emissions in China from 1949 to 2050[J].Environmental Science&Technology,46(14):7595-7603
肖思晗,于兴娜,朱彬,等.2016.南京北郊黑碳气溶胶污染特征及影响因素分析[J].环境科学,37(9):3280-3289
徐鹏.2017.北京城区亚微米气溶胶特征及其有机气溶胶的来源解析[D].重庆:西南大学
徐文帅,张大伟,李云婷,等.2016.北京两次沙尘污染过程中PM2.5浓度变化特征[J].气候与环境研究,21(1):78-86
姚青,蔡子颖,韩素芹,等.2012.天津城区秋冬季黑碳气溶胶观测与分析[J].环境化学,31(3):324-329
张宸赫,程兴宏,赵天良,等.2017.不同季节气象条件对北京城区高黑碳浓度变化的影响[J].环境科学学报,37(6):2255-2264
张芬芬,王丽涛,苏捷,等.2015.邯郸市PM2.5中含碳组分的特征及来源分析[J].环境科学与技术,38(8):94-100
张华,马井会,郑有飞.2008.黑碳气溶胶辐射强迫全球分布的模拟研究[J].大气科学,32(05):1147-1158
张磊,张镭,张丁玲,等.2011.兰州远郊区黑碳气溶胶浓度特征[J].中国环境科学,31(8):1248-1255
Zhang Q,Streets D G,Carmichael G R,et al.2009.Asian emissions in2006 for the NASA INTEX-B mission[J].Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics,9(14):5131-5153
赵肖奕.2014.北京市黑碳及PM2.5对代谢综合征患者心血管健康影响的临床及机制研究[D].北京:北京协和医学院
郑超.2016.成都大气中黑碳浓度及其颗粒物特征研究[D].成都:西南交通大学
Zhou X H,Gao J,Wang T,et al.2009.Measurement of black carbon aerosols near two Chinese megacities and the implications for improving emission inventories[J].Atmospheric Environment,43(25):3918-3924