生物炭与有机肥配合对藜蒿产量及品质的影响
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摘要
以藜蒿(Artemisia selengensis Turcz)为试材,采用田间试验方法,设置4个处理:B2.7M2.25(低量生物炭、中量有机肥)、B2.7M1.2(低量生物炭、低量有机肥)、B5.4M2.25(中量生物炭、中量有机肥)、B5.4M1.2(中量生物炭、低量有机肥),以B0M0为对照(CK,无生物炭及有机肥),研究了等氮条件下生物炭与有机肥配合对稻-菜轮作体系中藜蒿产量和品质的影响,以期为藜蒿科学施肥提供参考依据。结果表明:与对照相比,生物炭与有机肥配合,可以阻止土壤酸化,土壤pH提高0.24～0.25个单位,有机质含量增加0.36%～1.47%,土壤碱解N、速效P和速效K等养分含量也同步增加;藜蒿产量提高7.90%～16.61%,品质得到改善,维生素C、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量分别增加4.80%～6.40%、1.86%～3.65%、0.74%～2.22%。
Artemisn selengensis Turcz was used as test material,by field test method,the effects of biochar and organic fertilizer on the yield and quality of Artemisn selengensis Turcz in rice-vegetable rotation system were studied in order to provide reference for the scientific fertilization of Artemisn selengensis Turcz.The trial was set up with 4 treatments,B2.7 M2.25(low biomass carbon,medium organic Fertilizer),B2.7 M1.2(low biomass carbon,low organic fertilizer),B5.4 M2.25(medium biomass carbon,medium organic fertilizer),B5.4 M1.2(medium biomass carbon,low organic fertilizer),B0 M0 was CK.The results showed that,compared with the control,biochar and organic fertilizer could prevent soil acidification,soil pH increased 0.24-0.25 units,organic matter content increased 0.36%-1.47%,soil alkali solution N,quick-acting P,and available K and other nutrient content also increased synchronously;increased yield of Artemisia selengensis 7.90%-16.61%,the quality has been improved,vitamin C,soluble sugar,soluble protein and other content,respectively,increase 4.80%-6.40%,1.86%-3.65%,0.74%-2.22%.
Artemisn selengensis Turcz was used as test material,by field test method,the effects of biochar and organic fertilizer on the yield and quality of Artemisn selengensis Turcz in rice-vegetable rotation system were studied in order to provide reference for the scientific fertilization of Artemisn selengensis Turcz.The trial was set up with 4 treatments,B2.7 M2.25(low biomass carbon,medium organic Fertilizer),B2.7 M1.2(low biomass carbon,low organic fertilizer),B5.4 M2.25(medium biomass carbon,medium organic fertilizer),B5.4 M1.2(medium biomass carbon,low organic fertilizer),B0 M0 was CK.The results showed that,compared with the control,biochar and organic fertilizer could prevent soil acidification,soil pH increased 0.24-0.25 units,organic matter content increased 0.36%-1.47%,soil alkali solution N,quick-acting P,and available K and other nutrient content also increased synchronously;increased yield of Artemisia selengensis 7.90%-16.61%,the quality has been improved,vitamin C,soluble sugar,soluble protein and other content,respectively,increase 4.80%-6.40%,1.86%-3.65%,0.74%-2.22%.
引文
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[6]LIANG B,LEHMANN J,SOLOMON D,et al.Black carbon in creases cation exchange capacity in soil[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2006(5):1719-1730.
[7]文曼,郑纪勇.生物碳不同粒径及不同添加量对土壤收缩特征的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012(1):46-55.
[8]YOSHIZAWA S,TANAKA S.Acceleration of composting of food garbage and livestock waste by addition of biomass charcoal powder[J].Asian Environmental Research,2008(1):45.
[9]WARNOCK D D,MUMMEY D L,MCBRIDE B,et al.Influences of non-herbaceous biochar on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal abundances in roots and soils:Results from growth-chamber and field experiments[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2010,46:450-456.
[10]RIVERA-UTRILLA J,BAUTISTA-TOLEDO I,FERROGARCIA M A,et al.Activated carbon surface modifications by adsorption of bacteria and their effect on aqueous lead adsorption[J].Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,2001,76:1209-1215.
[11]LAIRD D A,FLEMING P,DAVIS D D,et al.Impact of biochar amendments on the quality of a typical mid western agricultural soil[J].Geoderma,2010,158:443-449.
[12]TRYON E H.Effect of charcoal on certain physical,chemical,and biological properties of forest soils[J].Ecol Monographs,1948(18):81-115.
[13]MAJOR J,RONDON M,MOLINA D,et al.Maize yield and nutrition during 4years after biochar application to a Colombiansavanna oxisol[J].Plant and Soil,2010,333(1-2):117-128.
[14]谢祖彬,刘琦,许燕萍,等.生物炭研究进展及其研究方向[J].土壤,2011,43(6):857-861.
[15]何绪生,耿增超,佘雕,等.生物炭生产与农用的意义及国内外动态[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(2):1-7.
[16]詹其厚,袁朝良,张效朴.有机物料对砂姜黑土的改良效应及其机制[J].土壤学报,2003,40(3):420-425.
[17]曾木祥,张玉洁.秸秆还田对农田生态环境的影响[J].农业环境与发展,1997,14(1):1-7.
[18]吴婕,朱钟麟,郑家国,等.秸秆覆盖还田对土壤理化性质及作物产量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2006,19(2):192-195.
[19]田慎重,王瑜,李娜,等.耕作方式和秸秆还田对华北地区农田土壤水稳性团聚体分布及稳定性的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(22):7116-7124.
[20]王晓娟,贾志宽,梁连友,等.旱地施有机肥对土壤有机质和水稳性团聚体的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(1):159-165.
[21]周江敏,陈华林,唐东民,等.秸秆施用后土壤溶解性有机质的动态变化[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(4):678-684.
[22]高学振,张丛志,张佳宝,等.生物炭、秸秆和有机肥对砂姜黑土改性效果的对比研究[J].土壤,2016,48(3):468-474.
[23]刘新源.生物炭与无机有机肥料混合施用对土壤理化特性和烟叶产量品质的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2014.
[24]陈伟,周波,束怀瑞.生物炭和有机肥处理对平邑甜茶根系和土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(18):3850-3856.
[25]代银分,李永梅,李丽,等.秸秆生物炭对施猪粪有机肥土壤磷流失及白菜产量的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,36(11):793.
[26]李九玉,赵安珍,袁金华,等.农业废弃物制备的生物质炭对红壤酸度和油菜产量的影响[J].土壤,2016,47(2):334-339.
[27]TAGHIZADEH T A,CLOUGH T J,SHERLOCK R R,et al.Biochar adsorbed ammonia is bioavailable[J].Plant and Soil,2012,350(1-2):57-69.
[28]张玉平,荣湘民,刘强,等.有机无机肥配施对旱地作物养分利用率及氮磷流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(3):44-48.
[29]彭辉辉,刘强,荣湘民,等.生物炭、有机肥与化肥配施对春玉米养分利用及产量的影响[J].南方农业学报,2015,46(8):1396-1400.
[30]康日峰,张乃明,史静,等.生物炭基肥料对小麦生长、养分吸收及土壤肥力的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2014(6):33-38.
[31]邵云,赵院利,冯荣成,等.耕层调控和有机物料还田对小麦产量及氮磷钾分配利用的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(1):117-122.
[32]杨庆炎.特种蔬菜栽培[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999.
[33]刘保才.蔬菜高产栽培技术大全[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1998.
[34]李司童,毛凯伦,郑璞帆,等.生物炭与菜籽饼配施对土壤养分及烟叶产质量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(4):37-43.
[35]尹承苗,陈学森,沈向,等.不同浓度有机物料发酵液对连作苹果幼树生物量及土壤环境的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(6):1450-1458.
[36]WANG Y,FU F,LI J,et al.Effects of seaweed fertilizer on the growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd.seedlings,soil enzyme activities and fungal communities under replant condition[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2016,75:1-7.
[37]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2007.
[38]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999.
[39]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[40]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[41]刘玉学,王耀锋,吕豪豪,等不同稻秆炭和竹炭施用水平对小青菜产量、品质以及土壤理化性质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(6):1438-1444.
[42]武春成,李天来,曹霞,等.添加生物炭对连作营养基质理化性质及黄瓜生长的影响[J].核农学报,2014,28(8):1534-1539.
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