大亚湾黑鲷标志放流及回捕率调查
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摘要
为评价大亚湾海域黑鲷(Acanthopagrusschlegelii)增殖放流效果,使用塑料椭圆标志牌(plasticovaltags,POTs),开展了黑鲷幼鱼标志保持率与生长实验。结果显示,背鳍鳍棘基部第4～6鳍棘下方5mm左右的背部肌肉为最适标志位置, 90 d后标志保持率为81.76%。POTs标志黑鲷幼鱼45 d内生长与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05),而90 d后标志组生长显著缓于对照组(P<0.05)。并于2014—2016年每年1次在大亚湾开展黑鲷幼鱼标志放流试验。采用有奖回收方式进行标志鱼回捕,测量体长、体重,收集回捕日期、回捕地点、回捕方式等信息,整理分析相关数据。3年共放流标志黑鲷幼鱼60115尾,共2758尾回捕标志鱼被定置网、流刺网及垂钓捕获(总回捕率4.59%);大规格放流苗种回捕率高于小规格放流苗种;垂钓回捕鱼数量占总回捕数量的比例为62.08%。通过对反馈信息的分析,认为放流后的标志鱼最初主要沿湾内和湾外两个方向呈近岸辐射状扩散,最远扩散距离约70 km。放流后1～2个月标志黑鲷生长较慢,随后相对加快,放流5～7个月后,黑鲷幼鱼体长、体重分别增长59.51%～127.20%和322.75%～989.83%。结论认为,POT是黑鲷幼鱼体外标志的适宜选择;在研究海域,放流后的标志黑鲷更易于被垂钓方式捕获;丰富的食物和可供躲避敌害的空间是影响其扩散、生长的因素。
To assess the effect of enhancement of black porgy(Acanthopagrus schlegelii) in Daya Bay. Plastic oval tags(POTs) were used to study in vitro marking technology in juvenile black porgys. The results of experiment on tag retention rate and growth showed that the back muscles, approximately 5 mm below the 4th–6th spine at the base of the dorsal fin, were the optimal tagging position; after 90 days, the POTs retention rate was 81.76%. There was no significant difference in growth between the tagged group and the control group after 45 days(P>0.05), but the growth of the tagged group was significantly slower than that of the control group after 90 days(P<0.05). Based on this technique, the release experiment in Daya Bay was carried out once a year from 2014 to 2016. The reward-recapture method was used to collect the tagged fish, and the body length and body weight of each recaptured fish was measured. Information such as the recapture date and place, and how the fish were tagged was gathered, and the relevant data were subsequently analyzed. In the period of 3 years, a total of 60115 tagged black porgy juveniles were released, and the tagged fish were mainly recaptured by set-nets, drift-nets, and through angling, with a total number of 2758(total recapture rate of 4.59%) recaptured individuals. The recapture rate of the larger juveniles was higher than that of the smaller juveniles. The tagged fish that were recaptured through angling accounted for 62.08% of the total recaptured fish. An analysis of the gathered information showed that the released tagged fish juveniles primarily migrated radially to the inner and outer areas of the bay; the maximum migration distance was over 70 km from the release site. In 1–2 months after released, the growth of black porgys were relatively slow and then relatively accelerated. After 5 to 7 months, the body length and body weight of the black porgys increased by 59.51%–127.20% and 322.75%–989.83%, respectively. The results indicated that, POT was a potential choice for juvenile black porgy. In the study area, tagged black porgy were easier to be recaptured by angling after released. The abundant food and the space available to avoid the enemy were the factors which influenced their distribution and growth.
To assess the effect of enhancement of black porgy(Acanthopagrus schlegelii) in Daya Bay. Plastic oval tags(POTs) were used to study in vitro marking technology in juvenile black porgys. The results of experiment on tag retention rate and growth showed that the back muscles, approximately 5 mm below the 4th–6th spine at the base of the dorsal fin, were the optimal tagging position; after 90 days, the POTs retention rate was 81.76%. There was no significant difference in growth between the tagged group and the control group after 45 days(P>0.05), but the growth of the tagged group was significantly slower than that of the control group after 90 days(P<0.05). Based on this technique, the release experiment in Daya Bay was carried out once a year from 2014 to 2016. The reward-recapture method was used to collect the tagged fish, and the body length and body weight of each recaptured fish was measured. Information such as the recapture date and place, and how the fish were tagged was gathered, and the relevant data were subsequently analyzed. In the period of 3 years, a total of 60115 tagged black porgy juveniles were released, and the tagged fish were mainly recaptured by set-nets, drift-nets, and through angling, with a total number of 2758(total recapture rate of 4.59%) recaptured individuals. The recapture rate of the larger juveniles was higher than that of the smaller juveniles. The tagged fish that were recaptured through angling accounted for 62.08% of the total recaptured fish. An analysis of the gathered information showed that the released tagged fish juveniles primarily migrated radially to the inner and outer areas of the bay; the maximum migration distance was over 70 km from the release site. In 1–2 months after released, the growth of black porgys were relatively slow and then relatively accelerated. After 5 to 7 months, the body length and body weight of the black porgys increased by 59.51%–127.20% and 322.75%–989.83%, respectively. The results indicated that, POT was a potential choice for juvenile black porgy. In the study area, tagged black porgy were easier to be recaptured by angling after released. The abundant food and the space available to avoid the enemy were the factors which influenced their distribution and growth.
引文
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[4]Jiang Y Z,Lin N,Liu Z L,et al.Effectiveness of Nibea albiflora stock enhancement in Xiangshan Bay and prioritization of fishing strategy for the released stock[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2016,23(3):641-647.[姜亚洲,林楠,刘尊雷,等.象山港黄姑鱼增殖放流效果评估及增殖群体利用方式优化[J].中国水产科学,2016,23(3):641-647.]
[5]Lv H J.Experimental studies of marking techniques and mark-recapture for juvenile black rockfish(Sebastes schlegelii)and Japanese flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2013:67-83.[吕红健.许氏平鲉和褐牙鲆标志技术与标志放流追踪评价[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013:67-83.]
[6]Liu Y,Sun D R,Geng Q,et al.Comparative study on immersion marking with alizarin red S and calcein for black porgy Acanthopagrus schlegelii of different sizes[J].South China Fisheries Science,2016,12(6):17-24.[刘岩,孙典荣,耿倩,等.茜素红与钙黄绿素标记不同规格黑鲷幼鱼的比较研究[J].南方水产科学,2016,12(6):17-24.]
[7]Liu X Z,Xu Y J,Zhou X Z,et al.Study on tagging of the Tongue sole using T-bar tags[J].Advances in Marine Science,2013,31(2):273-280.[柳学周,徐永江,陈学周,等.半滑舌鳎苗种体外挂牌标志技术研究[J].海洋科学进展,2013,31(2):273-280.]
[8]Sánchez-Lamadrid A.Effectiveness of four methods for tagging juveniles of farm-reared gilthead sea bream,Sparus aurata,L.[J].Fisheries Management and Ecology,2001,8(3):271-278.
[9]Jolivet A,de Pontual H,Garren F,et al.Effects of T-bar and DST tagging on survival and growth of European hake[M]//Tagging and Tracking of Marine Animals with Electronic Devices.Dordrecht:Springer,2009,9:181-193.
[10]Ma X L,Zhou Y D,Xu K D,et al.The tagging release of great yellow croaker,Pseudosciaena crocea in Zhejiang coastal waters[J].Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Natural Science),2016,35(1):24-29.[马晓林,周永东,徐开达,等.浙江沿岸大黄鱼标志放流及回捕率调查研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2016,35(1):24-29.]
[11]Chen P M,Yuan H R,Jia X P,et al.Changes in fishery resources of Yangmeikeng artificial reef area in Daya Bay[J].South China Fisheries Science,2013,9(5):100-108.[陈丕茂,袁华荣,贾晓平,等.大亚湾杨梅坑人工鱼礁区渔业资源变动初步研究[J].南方水产科学,2013,9(5):100-108.]
[12]Wang Y S,Wang Z D,Huang L M.Environment changes and trends in Daya Bay in recent 20 years[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2004,23(5):85-95.[王友绍,王肇鼎,黄良民.近20年来大亚湾生态环境的变化及其发展趋势[J].热带海洋学报,2004,23(5):85-95.]
[13]Wang X H,Du F Y,Qiu Y S,et al.Variations of fish species diversity,faunal assemblage,and abundances in Daya Bay in1980-2007[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2010,21(9):2403-2410.[王雪辉,杜飞雁,邱永松,等.1980-2007年大亚湾鱼类物种多样性、区系特征和数量变化[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(9):2403-2410.]
[14]Guo J Z,Chen Z Z,Xu Y W,et al.The effects of anthropogenic activities on the diversity and succession of fish community in Daya Bay[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2018,25(3):595-607.[郭建忠,陈作志,许友伟,等.人类活动对大亚湾海域鱼类群落多样性及其演替的影响[J].中国水产科学,2018,25(3):595-607.]
[15]Schmalenbach I,Mehrtens F,Janke M,et al.Amark-recapture study of hatchery-reared juvenile European lobsters,Homarus gammarus,released at the rocky island of Helgoland(German Bight,North Sea)from 2000 to 2009[J].Fisheries Research,2011,108(1):22-30.
[16]Lv H,Zhang X,Zhang P,et al.The implement of plastic oval tags for mark-recapture in juvenile japanese flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)on the northeast coast of shandong province,China[J].African Journal of Biotechnology,2011,10(61):13263-13277.
[17]Liu J F,Weng Z C,Tang X G,et al.Tagging techniques of Pseudosciaena crocea(Richardson)in Guanjingyang Sea area and a preliminary study on ecological habites and characteristics of early tagged fish[J].Marine Sciences,1994,18(5):53-58.[刘家富,翁忠钗,唐晓刚,等.官井洋大黄鱼标志放流技术与放流标志鱼早期生态习性的初步研究[J].海洋科学,1994,18(5):53-58.]
[18]Xu K D,Zhou Y D,Wang W D,et al.The tagging and releasing experiment of Sparus macrocephalus(Basilewsky)in the Zhoushan sea area[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2008,17(1):93-97.[徐开达,周永东,王伟定,等.舟山海域黑鲷标志放流试验[J].上海海洋大学学报,2008,17(1):93-97.]
[19]Astorga N,Afonso J M,Zamorano M J,et al.Evaluation of visible implant elastomer tags for tagging juvenile gilthead seabream(Sparus auratus L.):effects on growth,mortality,handling time and tag loss[J].Aquaculture Research,2005,36(8):733-738.
[20]Luo X,Zhang Q Z,Cui M.Tagging techniques applied to Ctenopharyngodon idellus[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2011,32(6):135-140.[罗新,张其中,崔淼.草鱼标志技术的初步研究[J].水生态学杂志,2011,32(6):135-140.]
[21]Wang M Y,Huang H G,Lai M Y,et al.Study on the tagging techniques for the release and enhancement of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(9):261-263.[王茂元,黄洪贵,赖铭勇,等.鲢鱼增殖放流标志技术研究[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(9):261-263.]
[22]Leaf R T,Rogers-Bennett L,Haaker P L.Spatial,temporal,and size-specific variation in mortality estimates of red abalone,Haliotis rufescens,from mark-recapture data in California[J].Fisheries Research,2007,83(2-3):341-350.
[23]Stewart J.Long-term recaptures of tagged Scyllarid lobsters(Ibacus peronii)from the east coast of Australia[J].Fisheries Research,2003,63(2):261-264.
[24]Pi?eiro C,Rey J,Pontual H D,et al.Tag and recapture of European hake(Merluccius merluccius,L.)off the Northwest Iberian Peninsula:First results support fast growth hypothesis[J].Fisheries Research,2007,88(1-3):150-154.
[25]Fujita T,Mizuno T,Nemoto Y.Stocking effectiveness of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fingerlings released in the coast of Fukushima prefecture[J].Saibai Gyogyo Gijutsu Kaihatsu Kenkyu,1993(22):67-73.
[26]Kallio-Nyberg I,Romakkaniemi A,Jokikokko E,et al.Differences between wild and reared Salmo salar,stocks of two northern Baltic Sea rivers[J].Fisheries Research,2015,165:85-95.
[27]Gonzalez E B,Umino T,Nagasawa K.Stock enhancement programme for black sea bream,Acanthopagrus schlegelii(Bleeker),in Hiroshima Bay,Japan:a review[J].Aquaculture Research,2010,39(12):1307-1315.
[28]Tsuyuki A,Umino T.Spatial movement of black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegelii,around the oyster farming area in Hiroshima Bay,Japan[J].Fisheries Science,2017,83(2):1-10.
[29]Fujita T,Umino T,Saito H,et al.Seasonal variations in dorsal muscle constituents of wild black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegelii in Hiroshima Bay,Western Japan[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,2011,77(6):1034-1042.
[30]Bai H P.Food habit of black pargy(Sparus macrocephalus)in Xiangshan Port[J].Journal of Ningbo University(NSEE),1999,12(4):42-47.[柏怀萍.象山港黑鲷的摄食习性[J].宁波大学学报(理工版),1999,12(4):42-47.]
[2]Lin J B,Chen T,Chen L,et al.The techniques of Sparus marocephalus tagged and released in Daya Bay[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2001,25(1):79-83.[林金錶,陈涛,陈琳,等.大亚湾黑鲷标志放流技术[J].水产学报,2001,25(1):79-83.]
[3]Liang J,Wang W D,Lin G Z,et al.Effect and assessment of enhancement release of Nibea japonica and Sparus macrocephalus in artificial reef habitat waters of Zhoushan,Zhejiang[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2010,17(5):1075-1084.[梁君,王伟定,林桂装,等.浙江舟山人工生境水域日本黄姑鱼和黑鲷的增殖放流效果及评估[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(5):1075-1084.]
[4]Jiang Y Z,Lin N,Liu Z L,et al.Effectiveness of Nibea albiflora stock enhancement in Xiangshan Bay and prioritization of fishing strategy for the released stock[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2016,23(3):641-647.[姜亚洲,林楠,刘尊雷,等.象山港黄姑鱼增殖放流效果评估及增殖群体利用方式优化[J].中国水产科学,2016,23(3):641-647.]
[5]Lv H J.Experimental studies of marking techniques and mark-recapture for juvenile black rockfish(Sebastes schlegelii)and Japanese flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2013:67-83.[吕红健.许氏平鲉和褐牙鲆标志技术与标志放流追踪评价[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013:67-83.]
[6]Liu Y,Sun D R,Geng Q,et al.Comparative study on immersion marking with alizarin red S and calcein for black porgy Acanthopagrus schlegelii of different sizes[J].South China Fisheries Science,2016,12(6):17-24.[刘岩,孙典荣,耿倩,等.茜素红与钙黄绿素标记不同规格黑鲷幼鱼的比较研究[J].南方水产科学,2016,12(6):17-24.]
[7]Liu X Z,Xu Y J,Zhou X Z,et al.Study on tagging of the Tongue sole using T-bar tags[J].Advances in Marine Science,2013,31(2):273-280.[柳学周,徐永江,陈学周,等.半滑舌鳎苗种体外挂牌标志技术研究[J].海洋科学进展,2013,31(2):273-280.]
[8]Sánchez-Lamadrid A.Effectiveness of four methods for tagging juveniles of farm-reared gilthead sea bream,Sparus aurata,L.[J].Fisheries Management and Ecology,2001,8(3):271-278.
[9]Jolivet A,de Pontual H,Garren F,et al.Effects of T-bar and DST tagging on survival and growth of European hake[M]//Tagging and Tracking of Marine Animals with Electronic Devices.Dordrecht:Springer,2009,9:181-193.
[10]Ma X L,Zhou Y D,Xu K D,et al.The tagging release of great yellow croaker,Pseudosciaena crocea in Zhejiang coastal waters[J].Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Natural Science),2016,35(1):24-29.[马晓林,周永东,徐开达,等.浙江沿岸大黄鱼标志放流及回捕率调查研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2016,35(1):24-29.]
[11]Chen P M,Yuan H R,Jia X P,et al.Changes in fishery resources of Yangmeikeng artificial reef area in Daya Bay[J].South China Fisheries Science,2013,9(5):100-108.[陈丕茂,袁华荣,贾晓平,等.大亚湾杨梅坑人工鱼礁区渔业资源变动初步研究[J].南方水产科学,2013,9(5):100-108.]
[12]Wang Y S,Wang Z D,Huang L M.Environment changes and trends in Daya Bay in recent 20 years[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2004,23(5):85-95.[王友绍,王肇鼎,黄良民.近20年来大亚湾生态环境的变化及其发展趋势[J].热带海洋学报,2004,23(5):85-95.]
[13]Wang X H,Du F Y,Qiu Y S,et al.Variations of fish species diversity,faunal assemblage,and abundances in Daya Bay in1980-2007[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2010,21(9):2403-2410.[王雪辉,杜飞雁,邱永松,等.1980-2007年大亚湾鱼类物种多样性、区系特征和数量变化[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(9):2403-2410.]
[14]Guo J Z,Chen Z Z,Xu Y W,et al.The effects of anthropogenic activities on the diversity and succession of fish community in Daya Bay[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2018,25(3):595-607.[郭建忠,陈作志,许友伟,等.人类活动对大亚湾海域鱼类群落多样性及其演替的影响[J].中国水产科学,2018,25(3):595-607.]
[15]Schmalenbach I,Mehrtens F,Janke M,et al.Amark-recapture study of hatchery-reared juvenile European lobsters,Homarus gammarus,released at the rocky island of Helgoland(German Bight,North Sea)from 2000 to 2009[J].Fisheries Research,2011,108(1):22-30.
[16]Lv H,Zhang X,Zhang P,et al.The implement of plastic oval tags for mark-recapture in juvenile japanese flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)on the northeast coast of shandong province,China[J].African Journal of Biotechnology,2011,10(61):13263-13277.
[17]Liu J F,Weng Z C,Tang X G,et al.Tagging techniques of Pseudosciaena crocea(Richardson)in Guanjingyang Sea area and a preliminary study on ecological habites and characteristics of early tagged fish[J].Marine Sciences,1994,18(5):53-58.[刘家富,翁忠钗,唐晓刚,等.官井洋大黄鱼标志放流技术与放流标志鱼早期生态习性的初步研究[J].海洋科学,1994,18(5):53-58.]
[18]Xu K D,Zhou Y D,Wang W D,et al.The tagging and releasing experiment of Sparus macrocephalus(Basilewsky)in the Zhoushan sea area[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2008,17(1):93-97.[徐开达,周永东,王伟定,等.舟山海域黑鲷标志放流试验[J].上海海洋大学学报,2008,17(1):93-97.]
[19]Astorga N,Afonso J M,Zamorano M J,et al.Evaluation of visible implant elastomer tags for tagging juvenile gilthead seabream(Sparus auratus L.):effects on growth,mortality,handling time and tag loss[J].Aquaculture Research,2005,36(8):733-738.
[20]Luo X,Zhang Q Z,Cui M.Tagging techniques applied to Ctenopharyngodon idellus[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2011,32(6):135-140.[罗新,张其中,崔淼.草鱼标志技术的初步研究[J].水生态学杂志,2011,32(6):135-140.]
[21]Wang M Y,Huang H G,Lai M Y,et al.Study on the tagging techniques for the release and enhancement of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(9):261-263.[王茂元,黄洪贵,赖铭勇,等.鲢鱼增殖放流标志技术研究[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(9):261-263.]
[22]Leaf R T,Rogers-Bennett L,Haaker P L.Spatial,temporal,and size-specific variation in mortality estimates of red abalone,Haliotis rufescens,from mark-recapture data in California[J].Fisheries Research,2007,83(2-3):341-350.
[23]Stewart J.Long-term recaptures of tagged Scyllarid lobsters(Ibacus peronii)from the east coast of Australia[J].Fisheries Research,2003,63(2):261-264.
[24]Pi?eiro C,Rey J,Pontual H D,et al.Tag and recapture of European hake(Merluccius merluccius,L.)off the Northwest Iberian Peninsula:First results support fast growth hypothesis[J].Fisheries Research,2007,88(1-3):150-154.
[25]Fujita T,Mizuno T,Nemoto Y.Stocking effectiveness of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fingerlings released in the coast of Fukushima prefecture[J].Saibai Gyogyo Gijutsu Kaihatsu Kenkyu,1993(22):67-73.
[26]Kallio-Nyberg I,Romakkaniemi A,Jokikokko E,et al.Differences between wild and reared Salmo salar,stocks of two northern Baltic Sea rivers[J].Fisheries Research,2015,165:85-95.
[27]Gonzalez E B,Umino T,Nagasawa K.Stock enhancement programme for black sea bream,Acanthopagrus schlegelii(Bleeker),in Hiroshima Bay,Japan:a review[J].Aquaculture Research,2010,39(12):1307-1315.
[28]Tsuyuki A,Umino T.Spatial movement of black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegelii,around the oyster farming area in Hiroshima Bay,Japan[J].Fisheries Science,2017,83(2):1-10.
[29]Fujita T,Umino T,Saito H,et al.Seasonal variations in dorsal muscle constituents of wild black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegelii in Hiroshima Bay,Western Japan[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,2011,77(6):1034-1042.
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