通道控制的岩浆型矿床:以加拿大沃伊西湾铜镍矿床为例
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摘要
加拿大沃伊西湾铜镍矿床是20世纪末加拿大发现的最大矿床,而且近年还有新增储量的发现。该矿床储量不仅在世界同类矿床中排在前几名,而且是岩浆通道模式最经典的矿床。岩体控制矿体,该基性侵入体位于加拿大拉布拉多半岛(Labrador)北部中元古代奈恩深层岩套(Nain plutonic suite)中,岩体主要由西帝普斯岩体和东帝普斯岩体组成,它们由一条隐伏的岩浆通道所连接,矿体就位于岩浆通道中,形成典型岩浆通道成矿系统。岩浆通道的膨大部分形成了奥韦尔德矿床。对该矿成矿特征及其成矿模式的总结,对于寻找与岩浆通道成矿有关的矿床具有指导意义。
The Voisey′s Bay copper-nickel deposit is the largest deposit found by the end of 20th century in Canada,and in recent years there are still new reserves discovered.The Voisey′s Bay deposit is not only one the world top rankings of Cu-Ni ores for its reserves,but also is the most classic deposit of magma channel model.The plutons control the ore body,and the mafic intruded the Mesoproterozoic Nain Plutonic Suite located in Labrador,Canada.The pluton is composed of two intrusions,one is the heavily mineralized Eastern Deeps intrusion and another is buried Western Deeps intrusion.They are connected by an insidious magma channel,and the ore body emplaced in the magma conduit,forming a typical magma conduit mineralization system.The Ovoid deposit was formed at the enlargement place of the magma conduit partially.We sum up the mineralization characteristics and metallogenic model of this deposit,which will be helpful to guide the future ore exploration on magma conduit derived ore mineralization.
The Voisey′s Bay copper-nickel deposit is the largest deposit found by the end of 20th century in Canada,and in recent years there are still new reserves discovered.The Voisey′s Bay deposit is not only one the world top rankings of Cu-Ni ores for its reserves,but also is the most classic deposit of magma channel model.The plutons control the ore body,and the mafic intruded the Mesoproterozoic Nain Plutonic Suite located in Labrador,Canada.The pluton is composed of two intrusions,one is the heavily mineralized Eastern Deeps intrusion and another is buried Western Deeps intrusion.They are connected by an insidious magma channel,and the ore body emplaced in the magma conduit,forming a typical magma conduit mineralization system.The Ovoid deposit was formed at the enlargement place of the magma conduit partially.We sum up the mineralization characteristics and metallogenic model of this deposit,which will be helpful to guide the future ore exploration on magma conduit derived ore mineralization.
引文
[1]Lesher C M,Lightfoot P C.Preface for thematic issue on Ni-CuPGE deposits[J].Mineralium Deposita,2012,47(1/2):1-2.
[2]刘凤山.加拿大近十年固体矿产勘查进展[J].地质科技情报,2001,20(4):57-62.
[3]Naldrett A J.Magmatic sulfide deposits:Geology,geochemistry and exploration[M].New York:Springer Berli Heidekberg,2004:1-727.
[4]Lightfoot P C,Keays R R,Evans-Lamswood D,et al.Saturation history of Nain plutonic suite mafic intrusions:origin of the Voisey's Bay Ni-Cu-Co sulfide deposit,Labrador,Canada[J].Mineralium Deposita,2012,47(1/2):23-50.
[5]汤中立,闫海卿,焦建刚,等.中国小岩体镍铜(铂族)矿床的区域成矿规律[J].地学前缘,2007,14(5):92-103.
[6]李文渊.岩浆Cu-Ni-PGE矿床研究现状及发展趋势[J].西北地质,2007,40(2):1-28.
[7]高辉,Hronsky J,曹殿华,等.金川铜镍矿床成矿模式、控矿因素分析与找矿[J].地质与勘探,2009,45(3):218-229.
[8]曹新志,张旺生,孙华山.我国深部找矿研究进展综述[J].地质科技情报,2009,28(2):104-109.
[9]姜常义,夏昭德,凌锦兰,等.寄主岩浆硫化物和氧化物矿床的镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体对比分析与成矿过程评述[J].岩石学报,2011,27(10):3005-3024.
[10]Evans-Lamswood D M,Butt D P,Jackson R S,et al.Physical controls associated with the distribution of sulfides in the Voisey's Bay Ni-Cu-Co deposit,Labrador[J].Economic Geology,2000,95:749-769.
[11]Lightfoot P C.Geological and geochemical relationships in the Reid Brook intrusive complex,Labrador:Implications for the origin of the Voisey’s Bay magmatic Ni-Cu-Co ores[C]∥EOS.Transactions of the American Geophysical Union,1997,78:810.
[12]Ryan B,Wardle R J,Gower C.Nickel-copper sulfide mineralization in Labrador:The Voisey Bay discovery and its exploration implications.Report 95-1[R].Newfoundland:Department of Natural Resources,Geological Survey Branch,1995:177-204
[13]Lightfoot P C,Naldrett A J.Geological and geochemical relationships in the Voisey′s Bay intrusion,Nain plutonic suite,Labrador,Canada[C]∥Keays R R,Lesher C M,Lightfoot P C,et al.Dynamic processes in magmatic ore deposits and their application to mineral exploration.[S.l.]:Geological Association of Canada Short Course Notes,1999,13:1-30.
[14]Naldrett A J,Li C S.The Voisey′s Bay deposit,Labrador,Canada[C]∥Goodfellow W D.Mineral deposits of Canada:A synthesis of major deposit-types,district metallogeny,the evolution of geological provinces,and exploration methods.[S.l.]:Geological Association of Canada,Mineral Deposits Division,Special Publication,2007,5:387-407.
[15]Evans-Lamswood D M.A new sulfide domain:Geometric relationships and sulfide distribution within the Reid Brook Zone,part of the Voisey′s Bay Ni-Cu-Co deposit[C]∥Anon.Geological Association of Canada-Mineralogical Association of Canada Joint Annual Meeting,Abstract.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2005.
[16]Li C S,Lightfoot P C,Amelin Y,et al.Contrasting petrological and geochemical relationships in the Voisey′s Bay and Mushuau intrusions,Labrador,Canada:Implications for ore genesis[J].Econ.Geol.,2000,95:771-801
[17]Evans-Lamswood D M,Butt DP,Jackson RS,et al.Physical controls associated with the distribution of sulfides in the Voisey′s Bay Ni-Cu-Co deposit Labrador[J].Econ.Geol.,2000,95:749-770
[18]Lightfoot P C.Advances in Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide deposit models and implications for exploration.Program with Abstracts[C]∥Anon.CIM mineral resources review.St John′s,Newfoundland program with abstracts.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2009.
[19]Naldrett A J,Keats H,Sparkes K,et al.Geology of the Voisey′s Bay Ni-Cu-Co deposit,Labrador,Canada[J].Expl.Mining Geol.,1996,5:169-179.
[20]Naldrett A J,Singh J,Krstic S,et al.The mineralogy of the Voisey′s Bay Ni-Cu-Co deposit Northern Labrador Canada:Influence of oxidation state on textures and mineral compositions[J].Econ.Geol.,2000,95:889-900
[21]Lightfoot P C,Muggride M G,Bell C C.Sulfide stauration history of the Voisey′s Bay intrusion,and formation of the nickel sulphide deposits[J].Geological Association of Canada.Abstracts,2001,86:27
[22]Naldrett A J,Li C.The Voisey′s Bay deposit,Labrador,Canada[C]∥Goodfellow W D.Mineral deposits of Canada:A synthesis of major deposit-types,district metallogeny,the evolution of geological provinces,and exploration methods.[S.l.]:Geological Survey of Canada and Geological Association of Canada,2007:387-408.
[2]刘凤山.加拿大近十年固体矿产勘查进展[J].地质科技情报,2001,20(4):57-62.
[3]Naldrett A J.Magmatic sulfide deposits:Geology,geochemistry and exploration[M].New York:Springer Berli Heidekberg,2004:1-727.
[4]Lightfoot P C,Keays R R,Evans-Lamswood D,et al.Saturation history of Nain plutonic suite mafic intrusions:origin of the Voisey's Bay Ni-Cu-Co sulfide deposit,Labrador,Canada[J].Mineralium Deposita,2012,47(1/2):23-50.
[5]汤中立,闫海卿,焦建刚,等.中国小岩体镍铜(铂族)矿床的区域成矿规律[J].地学前缘,2007,14(5):92-103.
[6]李文渊.岩浆Cu-Ni-PGE矿床研究现状及发展趋势[J].西北地质,2007,40(2):1-28.
[7]高辉,Hronsky J,曹殿华,等.金川铜镍矿床成矿模式、控矿因素分析与找矿[J].地质与勘探,2009,45(3):218-229.
[8]曹新志,张旺生,孙华山.我国深部找矿研究进展综述[J].地质科技情报,2009,28(2):104-109.
[9]姜常义,夏昭德,凌锦兰,等.寄主岩浆硫化物和氧化物矿床的镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体对比分析与成矿过程评述[J].岩石学报,2011,27(10):3005-3024.
[10]Evans-Lamswood D M,Butt D P,Jackson R S,et al.Physical controls associated with the distribution of sulfides in the Voisey's Bay Ni-Cu-Co deposit,Labrador[J].Economic Geology,2000,95:749-769.
[11]Lightfoot P C.Geological and geochemical relationships in the Reid Brook intrusive complex,Labrador:Implications for the origin of the Voisey’s Bay magmatic Ni-Cu-Co ores[C]∥EOS.Transactions of the American Geophysical Union,1997,78:810.
[12]Ryan B,Wardle R J,Gower C.Nickel-copper sulfide mineralization in Labrador:The Voisey Bay discovery and its exploration implications.Report 95-1[R].Newfoundland:Department of Natural Resources,Geological Survey Branch,1995:177-204
[13]Lightfoot P C,Naldrett A J.Geological and geochemical relationships in the Voisey′s Bay intrusion,Nain plutonic suite,Labrador,Canada[C]∥Keays R R,Lesher C M,Lightfoot P C,et al.Dynamic processes in magmatic ore deposits and their application to mineral exploration.[S.l.]:Geological Association of Canada Short Course Notes,1999,13:1-30.
[14]Naldrett A J,Li C S.The Voisey′s Bay deposit,Labrador,Canada[C]∥Goodfellow W D.Mineral deposits of Canada:A synthesis of major deposit-types,district metallogeny,the evolution of geological provinces,and exploration methods.[S.l.]:Geological Association of Canada,Mineral Deposits Division,Special Publication,2007,5:387-407.
[15]Evans-Lamswood D M.A new sulfide domain:Geometric relationships and sulfide distribution within the Reid Brook Zone,part of the Voisey′s Bay Ni-Cu-Co deposit[C]∥Anon.Geological Association of Canada-Mineralogical Association of Canada Joint Annual Meeting,Abstract.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2005.
[16]Li C S,Lightfoot P C,Amelin Y,et al.Contrasting petrological and geochemical relationships in the Voisey′s Bay and Mushuau intrusions,Labrador,Canada:Implications for ore genesis[J].Econ.Geol.,2000,95:771-801
[17]Evans-Lamswood D M,Butt DP,Jackson RS,et al.Physical controls associated with the distribution of sulfides in the Voisey′s Bay Ni-Cu-Co deposit Labrador[J].Econ.Geol.,2000,95:749-770
[18]Lightfoot P C.Advances in Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide deposit models and implications for exploration.Program with Abstracts[C]∥Anon.CIM mineral resources review.St John′s,Newfoundland program with abstracts.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2009.
[19]Naldrett A J,Keats H,Sparkes K,et al.Geology of the Voisey′s Bay Ni-Cu-Co deposit,Labrador,Canada[J].Expl.Mining Geol.,1996,5:169-179.
[20]Naldrett A J,Singh J,Krstic S,et al.The mineralogy of the Voisey′s Bay Ni-Cu-Co deposit Northern Labrador Canada:Influence of oxidation state on textures and mineral compositions[J].Econ.Geol.,2000,95:889-900
[21]Lightfoot P C,Muggride M G,Bell C C.Sulfide stauration history of the Voisey′s Bay intrusion,and formation of the nickel sulphide deposits[J].Geological Association of Canada.Abstracts,2001,86:27
[22]Naldrett A J,Li C.The Voisey′s Bay deposit,Labrador,Canada[C]∥Goodfellow W D.Mineral deposits of Canada:A synthesis of major deposit-types,district metallogeny,the evolution of geological provinces,and exploration methods.[S.l.]:Geological Survey of Canada and Geological Association of Canada,2007:387-408.