改良剂与水分对荒漠锦鸡儿生长与生理特性的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究适宜荒漠锦鸡儿幼苗在盐碱地中生长的改良,加快荒漠锦鸡儿在新疆盐旱逆境下的推广应用。【方法】以两年生荒漠锦鸡儿幼苗为材料,采用水分与改良剂正交设计进行大田试验,研究盐碱地中不同土壤水分条件和3种改良剂对荒漠锦鸡儿幼苗的生长和生理特性的影响。【结果】经改良剂和水分处理后的荒漠锦鸡儿幼苗生长和生理指标总体较对照好。在偏干旱(180.3 mm)环境下,施加以腐殖酸、水溶性有机酸为主要成分的改良剂效果最好,高于其对照的株高增长量(2.46 cm)、地径增长量(0.53 cm)主根长(12.63 cm)及生物量的增长,能显著提高幼苗抗氧化系统酶的活性,减少丙二醛的积累(46.3%)。【结论】施用以腐殖酸、水溶性有机酸为主要成分类改良剂可以有效促进幼苗生长,可应用于荒漠锦鸡儿在干旱盐碱区的苗木管理。
【Objective】 To screen suitable improvement schemes for the growth ofCaragana roborovskyi seedlings in saline-alkali soil, so as to accelerate the popularization and application ofC. roborovskyi seedlings under salt-drought stress. 【Method】Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different soil moisture conditions and three improvers on the growth and physiological characteristics ofC. roborovskyi seedlings in saline-alkali soil by using the orthogonal design of water and amendments. 【Result】The growth and physiological indexes ofC. roborovskyi seedlings treated with modifier and water were significantly better than those of the control. In a drought-prone(180.3 mm) environment, the application of humic acid and water-soluble organic acid as the main components of the modifier had the best effect, which were higher that those of the control in plant height(2.46 cm), ground diameter(0.53 cm), main root length(12.63 cm). At the same time, the activities of antioxidant enzymes in seedlings were significantly increased, and the accumulation of malondialdehyde was reduced(46.3%). 【Conclusion】The application of humic acid and water-soluble organic acid as main component improvers can effectively promote seedling growth and can be applied to the management ofC. roborovskyi seedlings in arid saline-alkali areas.
【Objective】 To screen suitable improvement schemes for the growth ofCaragana roborovskyi seedlings in saline-alkali soil, so as to accelerate the popularization and application ofC. roborovskyi seedlings under salt-drought stress. 【Method】Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different soil moisture conditions and three improvers on the growth and physiological characteristics ofC. roborovskyi seedlings in saline-alkali soil by using the orthogonal design of water and amendments. 【Result】The growth and physiological indexes ofC. roborovskyi seedlings treated with modifier and water were significantly better than those of the control. In a drought-prone(180.3 mm) environment, the application of humic acid and water-soluble organic acid as the main components of the modifier had the best effect, which were higher that those of the control in plant height(2.46 cm), ground diameter(0.53 cm), main root length(12.63 cm). At the same time, the activities of antioxidant enzymes in seedlings were significantly increased, and the accumulation of malondialdehyde was reduced(46.3%). 【Conclusion】The application of humic acid and water-soluble organic acid as main component improvers can effectively promote seedling growth and can be applied to the management ofC. roborovskyi seedlings in arid saline-alkali areas.
引文
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[12] 王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:15-22.WANG Xue-kui.(2006).Principles and Techniques of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Experiments [M].Beijing:Higher Education Press:15-22.(in Chinese)
[13] 吴珍珍.遮阴和水分处理对大百合生理特性的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学硕士毕业论文,2015.WU Zhen-zhen.(2015).Effects of shading and water treatment on physiological characteristics of Lily[D].Master Dissertation.Sichuan Agricultural University,Ya'an.(in Chinese)
[14] 韩敏.不同改良剂对碱化土壤性质及苜蓿生长的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学硕士毕业论文,2017.HAN Min.(2017).Effects of different amendments on alkali soil properties and alfalfa growth[D].Master Dissertation.Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Huhhot.(in Chinese)
[15] 宋沙沙,苟宇波,何欣燕,等.改良剂对盐碱土的改良效应及垂柳生长的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2017,39(5):89-97.SONG Sha-sha,GOU Yu-bo,HE Xin-yan,et al.(2017).Effects of modifier application on saline-alkali land amelioration and weeping willows growth [J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,39(5):89-97.(in Chinese)
[16] 邹春静,韩士杰,徐文铎,等.沙地云杉生态型对干旱胁迫的生理生态响应[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(9):1 446-1 450.ZOU Chun-jing,HAN Shi-jie,XU Wen-duo,et al.(2003).Eco-physiological responses of Picea mongolica ecotypes to drought stress [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,14(9):1,446-1,450.(in Chinese)
[17] 于丹丹,贾黎明,李宇,等.土壤改良剂对废弃砂石坑造林地土壤性质和银杏生理特性的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(9):56-61.YU Dan-dan,JIA Li-ming,LI Yu,et al.(2015).Effects of different soil conditioner on soil properties and physiological characteristics of Ginkgo biloba in the abandon gravel pit [J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,43(9):56-61.(in Chinese)
[18] 王竹承.黄土高原三种药用植物的耗水和抗旱特性研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学硕士毕业论文,2010.WANG Zhu-cheng.(2010).Water consumption and drought resistance of three medicinal plants on the Loess Plateau[D].Master Dissertation.Northwest University of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology,Yangling.(in Chinese)
[19] 魏建芬.水肥交互作用对毛竹幼苗生理特性及生物量的影响[D].杭州:浙江农林大学硕士毕业论文,2011,8.WEI Jian-fen.(2011).Effects of water and fertilizer interaction on physiological characteristics and biomass of Phyllostachys heterocyla cv.pubescens seedlings [D].Master Dissertation.Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University,Hangzhou.(in Chinese)
[20] 王明华,李明,高祺,等.改良剂对苏打盐碱土玉米幼苗生长和生理特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(11):2 966-2 973.WANG Ming-hua,LI Ming,GAO Qi,et al.(2016).Effects of amendments on growth and physiological characteristics of maize seedlings on saline-alkali soil [J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,35(11):2,966-2,973.(in Chinese)
[2] 张秀伏.固沙常见锦鸡儿属植物的研究[J].中国沙漠,1992,12(2):39-46.ZHANG Xiu-fu.(1992).Studies on the common fixators of genus Caragana Fabr.[J].Journal of Desert Research,12(2):39-46.(in Chinese)
[3] 中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志(第四十二卷,第一分册)[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.Editorial Board of Flora of China,Chinese Academy of Sciences.(1993).Flora of China (Volume 42,Issue 1) [M].Beijing:Science Press.(in Chinese)
[4] 胡明芳,田长彦,赵振勇,等.新疆盐碱地成因及改良措施研究进展[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(10):111-117.HU Ming-fang,TIAN Chang-yan,ZHAO Zhen-yong,et al.(2012).Salinization causes and research progress of technologies improving saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang [J].Journal of Northwest A& F University(Natural Science Ed.),40(10):111-117.(in Chinese)
[5] 宋彬.不同变温、盐分及水分条件对新疆四种锦鸡儿属植物种子萌发及幼苗的影响[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学硕士毕业论文,2011.SONG Bin.(2011).Effects of different temperature,salinity and water conditions on seed germination and seedling of four Caragana plants in Xinjiang [D].Master Dissertation.Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi.(in Chinese)
[6] 姚华,赵晓英,郭名军,等.三种锦鸡儿属植物幼苗出土对埋深的响应[J].新疆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2009,28(3):84-88.YAO Hua,ZHAO Xiao-ying,GUO Ming-jun,et al.(2009).Seeding emergence response of three Caragana species to soil burial depth [J].Journal of Xinjiang Normal University(Natural Science Edition),28(3):84-88.(in Chinese)
[7] 姚雨仙.新疆三种锦鸡儿容器育苗基质筛选的研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学硕士毕业论文,2014.YAO Yu-xian.(2014).Research on screening of container nursery matrix of three kinds of Xinjiang Caragana Fabr[D].Master Dissertation.Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi.(in Chinese)
[8] 曹兴,万瑜,陆辉,等.近30 a新疆达坂城风区大风特征及其变化规律[J].干旱区研究,2015,32(1):116-122.CAO Xing,WAN Yu,LU Hui,et al.(2015).Gale and its change in Dabancheng,Xinjiang in recent 30 years [J].Arid Zone Research,32(1):116-122.(in Chinese)
[9] 郭卫华,李波,黄永梅,等.不同程度的水分胁迫对中间锦鸡儿幼苗气体交换特征的影响[J].生态学报,2004,24(12):2 716-2 722.GUO Wei-hua,LI Bo,HUANG Yong-mei,et al.(2004).Effects of severity of water stress on gas exchange characteristics of Caragana intermedia seedlings [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,24(12):2,716-2,722.(in Chinese)
[10] 苏朝丞,谢葭颖.1988-2017年乌鲁木齐市降水变化特征分析[J].现代农业科技,2018,(16):188,191.SU Chao-cheng,XIE Jia-ying.(2018).Analysis of precipitation change characteristics in Urumqi from 1988 to 2017 [J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,(16):188,191.(in Chinese)
[11] 李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:21-22.LI He-sheng.(2006).Principles and Techniques of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Experiments [M].Beijing:Higher Education Press:21-22.(in Chinese)
[12] 王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:15-22.WANG Xue-kui.(2006).Principles and Techniques of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Experiments [M].Beijing:Higher Education Press:15-22.(in Chinese)
[13] 吴珍珍.遮阴和水分处理对大百合生理特性的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学硕士毕业论文,2015.WU Zhen-zhen.(2015).Effects of shading and water treatment on physiological characteristics of Lily[D].Master Dissertation.Sichuan Agricultural University,Ya'an.(in Chinese)
[14] 韩敏.不同改良剂对碱化土壤性质及苜蓿生长的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学硕士毕业论文,2017.HAN Min.(2017).Effects of different amendments on alkali soil properties and alfalfa growth[D].Master Dissertation.Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Huhhot.(in Chinese)
[15] 宋沙沙,苟宇波,何欣燕,等.改良剂对盐碱土的改良效应及垂柳生长的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2017,39(5):89-97.SONG Sha-sha,GOU Yu-bo,HE Xin-yan,et al.(2017).Effects of modifier application on saline-alkali land amelioration and weeping willows growth [J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,39(5):89-97.(in Chinese)
[16] 邹春静,韩士杰,徐文铎,等.沙地云杉生态型对干旱胁迫的生理生态响应[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(9):1 446-1 450.ZOU Chun-jing,HAN Shi-jie,XU Wen-duo,et al.(2003).Eco-physiological responses of Picea mongolica ecotypes to drought stress [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,14(9):1,446-1,450.(in Chinese)
[17] 于丹丹,贾黎明,李宇,等.土壤改良剂对废弃砂石坑造林地土壤性质和银杏生理特性的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(9):56-61.YU Dan-dan,JIA Li-ming,LI Yu,et al.(2015).Effects of different soil conditioner on soil properties and physiological characteristics of Ginkgo biloba in the abandon gravel pit [J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,43(9):56-61.(in Chinese)
[18] 王竹承.黄土高原三种药用植物的耗水和抗旱特性研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学硕士毕业论文,2010.WANG Zhu-cheng.(2010).Water consumption and drought resistance of three medicinal plants on the Loess Plateau[D].Master Dissertation.Northwest University of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology,Yangling.(in Chinese)
[19] 魏建芬.水肥交互作用对毛竹幼苗生理特性及生物量的影响[D].杭州:浙江农林大学硕士毕业论文,2011,8.WEI Jian-fen.(2011).Effects of water and fertilizer interaction on physiological characteristics and biomass of Phyllostachys heterocyla cv.pubescens seedlings [D].Master Dissertation.Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University,Hangzhou.(in Chinese)
[20] 王明华,李明,高祺,等.改良剂对苏打盐碱土玉米幼苗生长和生理特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(11):2 966-2 973.WANG Ming-hua,LI Ming,GAO Qi,et al.(2016).Effects of amendments on growth and physiological characteristics of maize seedlings on saline-alkali soil [J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,35(11):2,966-2,973.(in Chinese)