北方农牧交错带土地利用结构特征定量研究——以西辽河流域为例
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摘要
北方农牧交错带是我国东、中部地区的重要生态屏障,西辽河流域处于北方农牧交错带的东段三北交界区,属于典型的生态脆弱区,近年来由于人类活动和自然环境的变化,该地区土地利用变化剧烈。为实现农牧交错带土地合理开发利用,而县级尺度是土地持续利用、管理和规划的最佳尺度,因此,文中以西辽河流域为研究区域,在运用RS与GIS技术获取研究区2015年土地利用数据的基础上,从土地利用总体组合类型、土地利用程度和土地利用结构区位意义等视角在分县尺度上定量评价了西辽河流域的土地利用结构特征。研究表明:(1)西辽河流域2015年土地利用组合类型齐全程度较低,且以耕地、林地和草地为主,说明西辽河流域土地利用的整体功能较差。(2)从空间分布来看,流域西南侧和东部的农区土地利用组合类型齐全程度较高,呈现耕地、林地和牧草地相间分布的特点;流域西北侧的半农半牧区未利用地所占比重较高,土地利用程度整体偏低。(3)对农牧交错带来说,各旗县耕地和林地区位意义相对较突出,草地区位意义不明显。据此,西辽河流域应在维持林地与耕地数量稳定的基础上,加强牧草地保护,防止土地沙漠化与水土流失。(4)研究结果表明对于农牧交错区,多样化指数、集中化指数与地类组合类型数之间的相关性并不高,应主要考虑农林牧用地的数量与空间布局是否合理。
As the intersection area and transitional zone of agriculture and animal husbandry,farming-pastoral zone of northern China is the important ecological barrier for east and central China.Affected by the increase of population as well as environmental degradation,great changes haven taken place in the structure and intensity of land use in the West Liaohe river basin which is located in the east of farming-pastoral zone of northern China.It is necessary to study the land use structure characteristics over the farming-pastoral zone.This research took the West Liaohe river basin as a case,by using the remote sensing land use date in 2015,the characteristics of land use structure at county level were quantitatively analyzed through quantitative geographical method.The results showed that: 1) The number of combination type was less and the overall function was poor; the first major land use combination was cropland-woodland-pasture in the West Liaohe river basin in 2015.2) Combination of land use types was relatively abundant in the agricultural area of southwest and east of watershed.Cropland,woodland and pasture were alternately distributed in the above different land use combination zones.The index of land use degree was in the low level and the proportion of unused land was high in the farming-pastoral area of northwest of watershed.3) The cropland and woodland had relatively outstanding location meaning in most counties,but the pasture did not have corresponding prominent location meaning although our study area was located in a farming-pastoral zone.According to the above result,we should not only maintain the stability of cropland and woodland,but strengthen the pasture protection to prevent land desertification and soil erosion.4) The correlations of diversification index,centralization index and combination type of land use were not high,so we should mainly considered whether the number and spatial distribution of cropland,woodland and pasture were reasonable in a farming-pastoral zone.
As the intersection area and transitional zone of agriculture and animal husbandry,farming-pastoral zone of northern China is the important ecological barrier for east and central China.Affected by the increase of population as well as environmental degradation,great changes haven taken place in the structure and intensity of land use in the West Liaohe river basin which is located in the east of farming-pastoral zone of northern China.It is necessary to study the land use structure characteristics over the farming-pastoral zone.This research took the West Liaohe river basin as a case,by using the remote sensing land use date in 2015,the characteristics of land use structure at county level were quantitatively analyzed through quantitative geographical method.The results showed that: 1) The number of combination type was less and the overall function was poor; the first major land use combination was cropland-woodland-pasture in the West Liaohe river basin in 2015.2) Combination of land use types was relatively abundant in the agricultural area of southwest and east of watershed.Cropland,woodland and pasture were alternately distributed in the above different land use combination zones.The index of land use degree was in the low level and the proportion of unused land was high in the farming-pastoral area of northwest of watershed.3) The cropland and woodland had relatively outstanding location meaning in most counties,but the pasture did not have corresponding prominent location meaning although our study area was located in a farming-pastoral zone.According to the above result,we should not only maintain the stability of cropland and woodland,but strengthen the pasture protection to prevent land desertification and soil erosion.4) The correlations of diversification index,centralization index and combination type of land use were not high,so we should mainly considered whether the number and spatial distribution of cropland,woodland and pasture were reasonable in a farming-pastoral zone.
引文
[1]刘洪来,王艺萌,窦潇,等.农牧交错带研究进展[J].生态学报,2009,29(8):4420-4425.
[2]李敏敏,延军平.华北段农牧交错带气候变化特征及其响应[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(5):100-106.
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[6]陈飞,高佩玲,郎新珠,等.基于GIS和Markov模型的土地利用时空变化研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(8):74-78.
[7]贾科利,常庆瑞.基于TM的陕北农牧交错带土地利用覆盖动态变化遥感监测[J].干旱地区农业研究,2007,25(3):175-179.
[8]何俊仕,王志新,付玉娟,等.西辽河平原土地利用/覆被变化特征分析[J].中国农村水利水电,2016(11):66-69.
[9]王晓峰,任志远,黄青.农牧交错区县域土地利用变化及驱动力分析-以陕北神木县为例[J].干旱区地理,2003,26(4):402-407.
[10]秦富仓,周佳宁,刘佳,等.内蒙古多伦县土地利用动态变化及驱动力[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(6):31-37.
[11]邹亚荣,张增祥,周全斌,等.中国农牧交错区土地利用变化空间格局与驱动力分析[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(2):222-227.
[12]任春颖,张柏,王宗明,等.松嫩平原西部农牧交错区土地利用变化及驱动力分析-以吉林省通榆县为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(6):96-102.
[13]刘季骢,李志刚,李兴.北方农牧交错带不同土地利用方式土壤呼吸速率探究[J].内蒙古民族大学学报(自然汉文版),2014(3):306-309.
[14]魏雯.基于生态服务价值的农牧交错区土地利用变化对环境影响的评价-以内蒙古太仆寺旗为例[J].草地学报,2014,22(2):249-254.
[15]蒋力,徐霞,刘颖慧,等.基于土地利用-生态系统耦合模型的生态系统服务价值评估-以中国北方农牧交错带为例[J].天津农业科学,2014,20(1):74-81.
[16]刘祗坤,吴全,苏根成.土地利用类型变化与生态系统服务价值分析-以赤峰市农牧交错带为例[J].中国农业资源与区划,2015,36(3):56-61.
[17]燕群,蒙吉军,康玉芳.中国北方农牧交错带土地集约利用评价研究-以内蒙古鄂尔多斯市为例[J].干旱区地理,2011,34(6):1017-1023.
[18]杨艳昭,张伟科,封志明,等.土地利用变化的水土资源平衡效应研究-以西辽河流域为例[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(3):437-449.
[19]陈百明,周小萍.《土地利用现状分类》国家标准的解读[J].自然资源学报,2007,22(6):994-1003.
[20]敖登高娃,李跃进,兀良哈·巴雅尔.脆弱草原带农牧交错区村域尺度土地利用结构定量分析[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(6):222-231.
[21]封志明,杨艳昭,宋玉,等.中国县域土地利用结构类型研究[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(5):552-561.
[22]周泽丽,周文佐,伦丹,等.三峡库区长寿段土地利用空间结构定量分析[J].西南师范大学学报自然科学版,2015,40(5):127-134.
[23]赛胜宝.内蒙古北部荒漠草原带的严重荒漠化及其治理[J].干旱区资源与环境,2001,15(4):34-37.
[24]邵战林,朱道林,李瀚鹏.农牧交错带农林牧用地管理矛盾及其解决对策[J].中国土地科学,2013,27(3):24-28.
[2]李敏敏,延军平.华北段农牧交错带气候变化特征及其响应[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(5):100-106.
[3]赵哈林,赵学勇,张铜会,等.北方农牧交错带的地理界定及其生态问题[J].地球科学进展,2002,17(5):739-747.
[4]罗承平,薛纪瑜.中国北方农牧交错带生态环境脆弱性及其成因分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,1995,9(1):1-7.
[5]张伟科,封志明,杨艳昭,等.北方农牧交错带土地利用/覆被变化分析-以西辽河流域为例[J].资源科学,2010,32(3):573-579.
[6]陈飞,高佩玲,郎新珠,等.基于GIS和Markov模型的土地利用时空变化研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(8):74-78.
[7]贾科利,常庆瑞.基于TM的陕北农牧交错带土地利用覆盖动态变化遥感监测[J].干旱地区农业研究,2007,25(3):175-179.
[8]何俊仕,王志新,付玉娟,等.西辽河平原土地利用/覆被变化特征分析[J].中国农村水利水电,2016(11):66-69.
[9]王晓峰,任志远,黄青.农牧交错区县域土地利用变化及驱动力分析-以陕北神木县为例[J].干旱区地理,2003,26(4):402-407.
[10]秦富仓,周佳宁,刘佳,等.内蒙古多伦县土地利用动态变化及驱动力[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(6):31-37.
[11]邹亚荣,张增祥,周全斌,等.中国农牧交错区土地利用变化空间格局与驱动力分析[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(2):222-227.
[12]任春颖,张柏,王宗明,等.松嫩平原西部农牧交错区土地利用变化及驱动力分析-以吉林省通榆县为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(6):96-102.
[13]刘季骢,李志刚,李兴.北方农牧交错带不同土地利用方式土壤呼吸速率探究[J].内蒙古民族大学学报(自然汉文版),2014(3):306-309.
[14]魏雯.基于生态服务价值的农牧交错区土地利用变化对环境影响的评价-以内蒙古太仆寺旗为例[J].草地学报,2014,22(2):249-254.
[15]蒋力,徐霞,刘颖慧,等.基于土地利用-生态系统耦合模型的生态系统服务价值评估-以中国北方农牧交错带为例[J].天津农业科学,2014,20(1):74-81.
[16]刘祗坤,吴全,苏根成.土地利用类型变化与生态系统服务价值分析-以赤峰市农牧交错带为例[J].中国农业资源与区划,2015,36(3):56-61.
[17]燕群,蒙吉军,康玉芳.中国北方农牧交错带土地集约利用评价研究-以内蒙古鄂尔多斯市为例[J].干旱区地理,2011,34(6):1017-1023.
[18]杨艳昭,张伟科,封志明,等.土地利用变化的水土资源平衡效应研究-以西辽河流域为例[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(3):437-449.
[19]陈百明,周小萍.《土地利用现状分类》国家标准的解读[J].自然资源学报,2007,22(6):994-1003.
[20]敖登高娃,李跃进,兀良哈·巴雅尔.脆弱草原带农牧交错区村域尺度土地利用结构定量分析[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(6):222-231.
[21]封志明,杨艳昭,宋玉,等.中国县域土地利用结构类型研究[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(5):552-561.
[22]周泽丽,周文佐,伦丹,等.三峡库区长寿段土地利用空间结构定量分析[J].西南师范大学学报自然科学版,2015,40(5):127-134.
[23]赛胜宝.内蒙古北部荒漠草原带的严重荒漠化及其治理[J].干旱区资源与环境,2001,15(4):34-37.
[24]邵战林,朱道林,李瀚鹏.农牧交错带农林牧用地管理矛盾及其解决对策[J].中国土地科学,2013,27(3):24-28.