虎斑乌贼室内规模化养殖技术研究
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摘要
为了加快虎斑乌贼产业化养殖进程,于2017年6月9日至9月9日在浙江象山来发水产育苗场的室内水泥池进行了虎斑乌贼规模化养殖试验。共放养人工繁育的虎斑乌贼苗种2000只(平均胴长为3.8 cm),放养初始密度50～60只/m~2,起捕前密度5～8只/m~2;养殖条件:水位80～120 cm,水温20℃～32℃、盐度22‰～33‰、pH 7.6～8.4,溶氧4.0 mg/L以上;每天投喂冰鲜小杂鱼虾2次,投饵量6%～18%;日换水1次,换水量80%～100%。结果表明:经90 d养殖,乌贼的体质量随养殖时间呈指数增长:W=10.718e~(0.045d),体质量为420～620 g,平均体质量为513 g;胴长随养殖时间呈线性增长:WL=0.1401d+3.1815,乌贼胴长达到15.3～18.6 cm,平均胴长为16.6 cm;养殖成活率达到61.5%,养殖平均饵料系数为4.36。表明虎斑乌贼是一种生长快、养殖周期短、经济效益高的养殖新品种,适合规模化养殖。
In order to speed up the industrial breeding process of Sepia pharaonis, we carried out the experiment on the indoor breeding of Sepia pharaonis in the Lai Fa Aquatic nursery in Xiangshan from June 9 to September 9, 2017, with the following methods: First, a total of 2000 artificially bred Sepia pharaonis(with an average length of 3.8 cm) were stocked with the initial density of 50-60/m~(2 ), and the precapture density of 5-8/m~2. Second, the aquaculture conditions were maintained as: water level of 80-120 cm, the water temperature 20-32℃, salinity of 22‰-33‰, pH 7.6-8.4, DO≥4.0 mg/L. Last, ice fresh shrimp and small fish were feld two times every day, the feeding amount of 6%-18%; the water was changed once a day, with the water volume of 80%-100%. The results were as follows: after 3 months of breeding, the body weight of cuttlefish grows exponentially with the time of cultivation: W=10.718 e~(0.045d), the body weight was 420-620 g, which the average body mass of 513 g. The body length of cuttlefish grew linearly with the culture time: WL=0.1401d+3.1815, the squid′s body length was 15.3-18.6 cm, with the average length of 16.6 cm. The survival rate of Sepia pharaonis was up to 61.5%, and the feed coefficient was 4.36. In summary: the Sepia pharaonis is a new kind of aquatic products with fast growth, short breeding cycle, low disease and high economic benefit, which is suitable for the large-scale cultivation and the prospects are very promising.
In order to speed up the industrial breeding process of Sepia pharaonis, we carried out the experiment on the indoor breeding of Sepia pharaonis in the Lai Fa Aquatic nursery in Xiangshan from June 9 to September 9, 2017, with the following methods: First, a total of 2000 artificially bred Sepia pharaonis(with an average length of 3.8 cm) were stocked with the initial density of 50-60/m~(2 ), and the precapture density of 5-8/m~2. Second, the aquaculture conditions were maintained as: water level of 80-120 cm, the water temperature 20-32℃, salinity of 22‰-33‰, pH 7.6-8.4, DO≥4.0 mg/L. Last, ice fresh shrimp and small fish were feld two times every day, the feeding amount of 6%-18%; the water was changed once a day, with the water volume of 80%-100%. The results were as follows: after 3 months of breeding, the body weight of cuttlefish grows exponentially with the time of cultivation: W=10.718 e~(0.045d), the body weight was 420-620 g, which the average body mass of 513 g. The body length of cuttlefish grew linearly with the culture time: WL=0.1401d+3.1815, the squid′s body length was 15.3-18.6 cm, with the average length of 16.6 cm. The survival rate of Sepia pharaonis was up to 61.5%, and the feed coefficient was 4.36. In summary: the Sepia pharaonis is a new kind of aquatic products with fast growth, short breeding cycle, low disease and high economic benefit, which is suitable for the large-scale cultivation and the prospects are very promising.
引文
[1]王鹏帅,蒋霞敏,彭瑞冰,等. 虎斑乌贼的胚胎耗氧率[J]. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(7):2357-2362.
[2]宋海棠,丁天明,徐开达. 东海经济头足类资源[M]. 北京:海洋出版社, 2009:1-2.
[3]KRISHNAMOORTHI J, RAMASAMY P, SHANMUGAM V, et al. Isolation and partial characterization of collagen from outer skin of Sepia pharaonis (Ehrenberg, 1831) from Puducherry coast[J]. Biochemistry & Biophysics Reports, 2017, 10:39-45.
[4]KARTHIK R, MANIGANDAN V, EBENEZAR K K, et al. In vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of posterior salivary gland toxin from the cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis, Ehrenberg (1831)[J]. Chemico-biological Interactions, 2017, 272:10-20.
[5]KARTHIK R, MANIGANDAN V, SARAVANAN R. Toxicity, teratogenicity and antibacterial activity of posterior salivary gland (PSG) toxin from the cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis, (Ehrenberg, 1831)[J]. Journal of Chromatography B, 2017, 1064:28-35.
[6]YASUMURO H, IKEDA Y. Environmental enrichment accelerates the ontogeny of cryptic behavior in pharaoh cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis)[J]. Zoological Science, 2016, 33(3):255-265.
[7]WEN J, ZHONG H, XIAO J, et al. A transcriptome resource for pharaoh cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) after ink ejection by brief pressing[J]. Marine Genomics, 2016, 28:53-56.
[8]彭瑞冰,乐可鑫,蒋霞敏,等. 虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄营养成分分析[J]. 水产学报, 2015, 39(7):1034-1042.
[9]江茂旺,蒋霞敏,梁晶晶,等. 不同生长时期虎斑乌贼内壳营养成分含量分析比较[J]. 动物营养学报, 2016, 28(7):2300-2308.
[10]PENG R B, WANG P S, JIANG M W, et al. Effect of salinity on embryonic development of the cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis[J]. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 2016, 47(6):864-876.
[11]王鹏帅,蒋霞敏,韩庆喜,等. 盐度和温度对不同规格虎斑乌贼幼体的耗氧率、排氨率和窒息点的影响[J]. 水生生物学报, 2017, 41(5):1027-1035.
[12]王双健,蒋霞敏,韩庆喜,等. 虎斑乌贼喷墨卵与正常卵的比较[J]. 水产学报, 2017, 41(3):366-373.
[13]陈道海,王雁,郑小东,等. 虎斑乌贼(Sepia pharaonis)胚胎发育及孵化历期观察[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2012, 43(2):394-400.
[14]蒋霞敏,彭瑞冰,唐锋,等. 虎斑乌贼规模化人工繁育技术研究[C]. 全国海水养殖学术研讨会, 2013:46-47.
[15]王亮,张秀梅,陈四清,等. 金乌贼繁殖行为与交配策略[J]. 生态学报, 2017, 37(6):1871-1880.
[16]蒋霞敏,唐少杰,王春琳,等. 曼氏无针乌贼胚胎发育形态及发育时序的研究[J]. 宁波大学学报(理工版), 2011, 24(2):1-7.
[17]韦柳枝, 高天翔, 韩志强,等. 日照近海金乌贼生物学的初步研究[J]. 中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)自然科学版, 2005, 35(6):923-928.
[18]施永海,徐嘉波,陆根海,等. 养殖美洲鲥的生长特性[J]. 动物学杂志, 2017, 52(4):638-645.
[19]陈慧,林国文,王兴春,等. 网箱养殖大黄鱼生长特性的研究[J]. 海洋科学, 2010, 34(11):1-5.
[20]张晨光,王兴强,陈百尧,等. 金乌贼人工养殖技术[J]. 河北渔业, 2016(11):21-23.
[21]游岚. 曼氏无针乌贼海水网箱养殖技术[J]. 中国水产, 2014(12):68-69.
[22]薄其康,郑小东,王培亮,等. 长蛸(Octopus minor)初孵幼体培育与生长研究[J]. 海洋与湖沼,2014,45(3):583-588.
[23]邵楚,王春琳,蒋霞敏,等. 曼氏无针乌贼室内水泥池人工育苗技术[J]. 中国水产,2011(1):49-50.
[24]彭瑞冰, 蒋霞敏, 乐可鑫,等. 盐度对拟目乌贼生长及生化成分的影响[J]. 海洋环境科学, 2014, 33(5):719-723.
[25]蒋霞敏, 彭瑞冰, 罗江,等. 温度对拟目乌贼胚胎发育及幼体的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2013, 24(5):1453-1460.
[26]尹飞, 王春琳, 宋微微. 曼氏无针乌贼幼体生态因子耐受性的研究[J]. 广东海洋大学学报, 2005, 25(4):39-43.
[27]乐可鑫,蒋霞敏,王春琳,等. 4种生态因子对虎斑乌贼幼体生长与存活的影响[J]. 生物学杂志,2014,31(4):33-37.
[28]江琴, 余柔刚. 大黄鱼配合饲料饲喂简报[J]. 应用海洋学学报, 1998,17(1):149-152.
[29]原居林, 郭建林, 刘梅,等. 不同饲料类型和放养密度对乌鳢生长特性及营养品质的影响[J]. 大连海洋大学学报, 2017,32(5):534-543.
[30]乐可鑫,彭瑞冰,蒋霞敏,等. 饥饿和再投喂对虎斑乌贼幼体存活、生长和消化酶活力的影响[J]. 应用生态学报,2016,27(6):2002-2008.
[31]阮鹏, 蒋霞敏, 韩庆喜,等. 社会等级因素对虎斑乌贼生长、存活及相关酶活的影响[J]. 水产学报, 2016, 40(12):1897-1905.
[32]郑小东,林祥志,李琪,等. 日本无针乌贼全人工养殖条件下生活史研究[J]. 海洋湖沼通报,2010(3):24-28.
[2]宋海棠,丁天明,徐开达. 东海经济头足类资源[M]. 北京:海洋出版社, 2009:1-2.
[3]KRISHNAMOORTHI J, RAMASAMY P, SHANMUGAM V, et al. Isolation and partial characterization of collagen from outer skin of Sepia pharaonis (Ehrenberg, 1831) from Puducherry coast[J]. Biochemistry & Biophysics Reports, 2017, 10:39-45.
[4]KARTHIK R, MANIGANDAN V, EBENEZAR K K, et al. In vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of posterior salivary gland toxin from the cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis, Ehrenberg (1831)[J]. Chemico-biological Interactions, 2017, 272:10-20.
[5]KARTHIK R, MANIGANDAN V, SARAVANAN R. Toxicity, teratogenicity and antibacterial activity of posterior salivary gland (PSG) toxin from the cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis, (Ehrenberg, 1831)[J]. Journal of Chromatography B, 2017, 1064:28-35.
[6]YASUMURO H, IKEDA Y. Environmental enrichment accelerates the ontogeny of cryptic behavior in pharaoh cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis)[J]. Zoological Science, 2016, 33(3):255-265.
[7]WEN J, ZHONG H, XIAO J, et al. A transcriptome resource for pharaoh cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) after ink ejection by brief pressing[J]. Marine Genomics, 2016, 28:53-56.
[8]彭瑞冰,乐可鑫,蒋霞敏,等. 虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄营养成分分析[J]. 水产学报, 2015, 39(7):1034-1042.
[9]江茂旺,蒋霞敏,梁晶晶,等. 不同生长时期虎斑乌贼内壳营养成分含量分析比较[J]. 动物营养学报, 2016, 28(7):2300-2308.
[10]PENG R B, WANG P S, JIANG M W, et al. Effect of salinity on embryonic development of the cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis[J]. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 2016, 47(6):864-876.
[11]王鹏帅,蒋霞敏,韩庆喜,等. 盐度和温度对不同规格虎斑乌贼幼体的耗氧率、排氨率和窒息点的影响[J]. 水生生物学报, 2017, 41(5):1027-1035.
[12]王双健,蒋霞敏,韩庆喜,等. 虎斑乌贼喷墨卵与正常卵的比较[J]. 水产学报, 2017, 41(3):366-373.
[13]陈道海,王雁,郑小东,等. 虎斑乌贼(Sepia pharaonis)胚胎发育及孵化历期观察[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2012, 43(2):394-400.
[14]蒋霞敏,彭瑞冰,唐锋,等. 虎斑乌贼规模化人工繁育技术研究[C]. 全国海水养殖学术研讨会, 2013:46-47.
[15]王亮,张秀梅,陈四清,等. 金乌贼繁殖行为与交配策略[J]. 生态学报, 2017, 37(6):1871-1880.
[16]蒋霞敏,唐少杰,王春琳,等. 曼氏无针乌贼胚胎发育形态及发育时序的研究[J]. 宁波大学学报(理工版), 2011, 24(2):1-7.
[17]韦柳枝, 高天翔, 韩志强,等. 日照近海金乌贼生物学的初步研究[J]. 中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)自然科学版, 2005, 35(6):923-928.
[18]施永海,徐嘉波,陆根海,等. 养殖美洲鲥的生长特性[J]. 动物学杂志, 2017, 52(4):638-645.
[19]陈慧,林国文,王兴春,等. 网箱养殖大黄鱼生长特性的研究[J]. 海洋科学, 2010, 34(11):1-5.
[20]张晨光,王兴强,陈百尧,等. 金乌贼人工养殖技术[J]. 河北渔业, 2016(11):21-23.
[21]游岚. 曼氏无针乌贼海水网箱养殖技术[J]. 中国水产, 2014(12):68-69.
[22]薄其康,郑小东,王培亮,等. 长蛸(Octopus minor)初孵幼体培育与生长研究[J]. 海洋与湖沼,2014,45(3):583-588.
[23]邵楚,王春琳,蒋霞敏,等. 曼氏无针乌贼室内水泥池人工育苗技术[J]. 中国水产,2011(1):49-50.
[24]彭瑞冰, 蒋霞敏, 乐可鑫,等. 盐度对拟目乌贼生长及生化成分的影响[J]. 海洋环境科学, 2014, 33(5):719-723.
[25]蒋霞敏, 彭瑞冰, 罗江,等. 温度对拟目乌贼胚胎发育及幼体的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2013, 24(5):1453-1460.
[26]尹飞, 王春琳, 宋微微. 曼氏无针乌贼幼体生态因子耐受性的研究[J]. 广东海洋大学学报, 2005, 25(4):39-43.
[27]乐可鑫,蒋霞敏,王春琳,等. 4种生态因子对虎斑乌贼幼体生长与存活的影响[J]. 生物学杂志,2014,31(4):33-37.
[28]江琴, 余柔刚. 大黄鱼配合饲料饲喂简报[J]. 应用海洋学学报, 1998,17(1):149-152.
[29]原居林, 郭建林, 刘梅,等. 不同饲料类型和放养密度对乌鳢生长特性及营养品质的影响[J]. 大连海洋大学学报, 2017,32(5):534-543.
[30]乐可鑫,彭瑞冰,蒋霞敏,等. 饥饿和再投喂对虎斑乌贼幼体存活、生长和消化酶活力的影响[J]. 应用生态学报,2016,27(6):2002-2008.
[31]阮鹏, 蒋霞敏, 韩庆喜,等. 社会等级因素对虎斑乌贼生长、存活及相关酶活的影响[J]. 水产学报, 2016, 40(12):1897-1905.
[32]郑小东,林祥志,李琪,等. 日本无针乌贼全人工养殖条件下生活史研究[J]. 海洋湖沼通报,2010(3):24-28.