建筑结构抗爆设防性能目标研究
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摘要
近年来建筑结构的爆炸事件频繁发生,而我国目前还没有统一的建筑结构抗爆设防目标。基于安全性风险评估理论,利用爆炸风险平均发生概率和爆炸风险破坏程度的等级划分,确定爆炸风险的平均影响程度。结合我国《建筑结构可靠度设计统一标准》和实际爆炸事件的特点,提出基于建筑结构重要性的抗爆设防等级分类方法,从而确定抗爆安全等级。根据我国国情综合考虑建筑结构抗爆安全等级和爆炸超压强度等级,确定不同类型建筑结构的抗爆设防指标。建立了以建筑结构设防目标作为工程抗爆设计的基础原则,通过对以往爆炸事件的统计分析,确定不同爆炸超压荷载对人员伤亡和建筑结构损伤程度的设防目标,为建筑结构抗爆设防指标提供一种新的方法。
Recently,explosive events occur on the building structure frequently,while no anti-explosive precautionary target for building structures was put forward in China. Based on the safety risk assessment,the average probability of explosion and the classification of explosion damage,the average explosion severity is determined. According to characteristics of the standard of building structure reliability design and the actual explosion event,a method for anti-explosion classification based on the importance of building structure is proposed to determine the anti-explosion safety level. According to national safety grade of building structure and explosion overpressure strength,the anti-explosion index of various building structures is determined. The basic anti-explosion design principle for building structure fortification is established. The statistical analysis of previous explosion events helps to determine the fortification targets concerning the casualties and building damage,which provides a new method for the anti-explosion index of building structure.
Recently,explosive events occur on the building structure frequently,while no anti-explosive precautionary target for building structures was put forward in China. Based on the safety risk assessment,the average probability of explosion and the classification of explosion damage,the average explosion severity is determined. According to characteristics of the standard of building structure reliability design and the actual explosion event,a method for anti-explosion classification based on the importance of building structure is proposed to determine the anti-explosion safety level. According to national safety grade of building structure and explosion overpressure strength,the anti-explosion index of various building structures is determined. The basic anti-explosion design principle for building structure fortification is established. The statistical analysis of previous explosion events helps to determine the fortification targets concerning the casualties and building damage,which provides a new method for the anti-explosion index of building structure.
引文
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[26]丁阳,方磊,李忠献,等.防恐建筑结构抗爆防护分类设防标准研究[J].建筑结构学报,2013,34(4):57-64.(in Chinese)DING Yang,FANG Lei,LI Zhong-xian,et al.Research on categorized explosion protection criterion of anti-terrorism building structures[J].Journal of Building Structures,2013,34(4):57-64.(in Chinese)
[27]于润清,方秦,陈力,等.建筑结构构件基于性能的抗爆设计方法[J].工程力学,2016,33(11):75-83.YU Run-qing,FANG Qin,CHEN Li,et al.Performancebased blast-resistant design of bulding structure components[J].Engineering Mechanics,2016,33(11):75-83.(in Chinese)
[28]孔德森,张伟伟,孟庆辉,等.TNT当量法估算地铁恐怖爆炸中的炸药当量[J].地下空间与工程学报,2010,6(1):197-200.ONG De-sen,ZHANG Wei-wei,MENG Qing-hui,et al.Estimation and evaluation of terror explosion equivalent in underground by TNT equivalent[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2010,6(1):197-200.(in Chinese)
[29]陈亮,韩豫,毛龙泉,等.大型公共建筑风险评估框架研究[J].江苏建筑,2011(3):111-114.CHEN Liang,HAN Yu,MAO Long-quan,et al.General framework of large-scale public building's risk assessment[J].Jiangsu Construction,2011(3):111-114.
[30]周云,王烨华,邓雪松,等.高层钢结构性能目标的建立[J].钢结构,2007,22(6):1-5.ZHOU Yun,WANG Ye-hua,DENG Xue-feng,et al.The establishment of performance objectives for high-rise steel structure[J].Steel Construction,2007,22(6):1-5.(in Chinese)
[2]UFC 3-340-01.Design and analysis of hardened structures to conventional weapons effects[S].Washington D C:US Departments of the Army,the Navy and the Air Force,and the Defense Special Weapons Agency,2002.
[3]UFC3-340-2.Structures to resist the effects of accidental explosions[S].Washington D C:USA Department of Defense,2008.
[4]ACI 349-01.Code requirement for nuclear safety related concrete structures[S].Washington D C:American Concrete Institute,2001.
[5]PDC TR-06-08.Single-degree-of-freedom structural response limits for antiterrorism design[S].Omaha:the US Army Corps of Engineers,2006.
[6]ASCE/SEI 59-11.Blast protection of buildings[S].New York:American Society of Civil Engineers,Structural Engineering Institute,2011.
[7]ASTM E1300-07.Standard practice for determining load resistance of glass in buildings[S].PA:ASTM International,West Conshohocken,2007.
[8]SPILLER K,PACKER J A,SEICA Mi V,et al.Prediction of annealed glass window response to blast loading[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2016(88):189-200.
[9]US-HAZL.Window fragment hazard level analysis army corps of engineers[S].US Army Corps of Engineers,2004.
[10]ASTM F 2248-03.Standard practice for specifying an equivalent 3s durations design loading for blast resistant glazing fabricated with laminated glass[S].PA:ASTM International,West Conshohocken,2009.
[11]FEMA426.Reference manual to mitigate potential terrorist attacks against buildings[S].Washington D C:United Stated Government Printing,2004.
[12]FEMA 427.Primer for design of commercial building to mitigate terrorist attacks[S].Washington DC:Federal Emergency Management Agency,Department of Homeland Security,2003.
[13]FEMA 428.Primer to design safe school projects in case of terrorist attacks[S].Washington DC:Federal Emergency Management Agency,Department of Homeland Security,2003.
[14]FEMA 452.Risk assessment a how to guide to mitigate potential terrorist attacks against buildings[S].Washington DC,Federal Emergency Management Agency.Department of Homeland Security,2005.
[15]FEMA 453.Safe rooms and shelters[S].Washington DC,Federal Emergency Management Agency of Homeland Security,2006.
[16]高康华,赵天辉,孙松,等.建筑屋内气体爆炸效应简化计算综述[J].爆炸与冲击,2018,38(2):206-217.GAO Kang-hua,ZHAO Tian-hui,SUN Song,et al.Simplified calculation of gas explosion effect in building structure[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2018,38(2):206-217.(in Chinese)
[17]刘赛,赵金城.室内爆炸荷载作用下钢柱动力响应参数分析[J].建筑结构,2018,48(4):72-77.LIU Sai,ZHAO Jin-cheng.Parameter analysis of the dynamic responses of steel column under internal blast loading[J].Building Structural,2018,48(4):72-77.(in Chinese)
[18]徐维铮,吴卫国.封闭空间爆炸载荷特性研究[J].爆破,2017,34(4):40-45.XU Wei-heng,WU Wei-guo.Investigation on characteristics of blasting loading in closed space[J].Blasting,2017,34(4):40-45.(in Chinese)
[19]刘中宪,王治坤,张欢欢,等.地下超高性能钢纤维混凝土隧道衬砌抗爆性能模拟研究[J].工业建筑,2018,48(2):116-112.LIU Zhong-xian,WANG Zhi-kun,ZHANG Huan-huan,et al.Numerical simulation of blast-resistant performance of underground tunnel with ultra-high performance steel fiber reinforced concrete lining[J].Industrial Construction,2018,48(2):116-112.(in Chinese)
[20]宁尧,肖正直,温航,等.爆炸冲击荷载作用下高压输电塔钢管构件抗爆性能试验研究[J].钢结构,2018,33(229):33-40.NING Yao,XIAO Zheng-zhi,WEI Hang,et al.Experimental research on anti-explosion performance of the steel tube members of high-voltage transmission tower under blast load[J].Steel Construction,2018,33(229):22-40.(in Chinese)
[21]徐毅君.内爆炸下K8型钢网壳的破坏模式与防爆方法研究[D].厦门:华侨大学,2017:28-36.XU Yi-jun.Study on failure mode and explosion-proof method for k8-type steel reticulated shell under internal explosion[D].Xiamen:Huaqiao University,2017:28-36.(in Chinese)
[22]徐慎春,刘中宪,吴成清.圆形中空夹层钢管超高性能钢纤维混凝土柱抗爆性能野外实验与数值模拟[J].爆炸与冲击,2017,37(4):649-660.XU Shen-chun,LIU Zhong-xian,WU Cheng-qing.Field blast test and numerical simulation of ultra-high performance steel fiber reinforced concret-filled double skin steel tube column under blast loaing[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2017,37(4):649-660.(in Chinese)
[23]潘胜蓝.爆炸荷载下钢筋混凝土框架毁伤效应的数值仿真[D].南京:南京理工大学,2017:35-48.PAN Sheng-lan.Numerical simulation of damage effect of reinforced concrete frame under explosive load[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science and Technology,2017:35-48.(in Chinese)
[24]肖正直,李彦琪,胡李俐,等.爆炸冲击荷载作用下高压输电塔等边角钢构件抗爆性能试验研究[J].工业建筑,2017,47(5):151-157.XIAO Zheng-zhi,LI Yan-qi,HU Li-li,et al.Experimental research on anti-explosion performance of the equilateral-angle steel member of HV transmission tower under blast load[J].Industrial Construction,2017,47(5):151-157.(in Chinese)
[25]张宇,李国强.国外建筑结构抗爆设计标准现状[J].爆破,2014,31(2):153-160.ZHANG Yu,LI Guo-qiang.Status of blast-resistant structure standards for architectural structure[J].Blasting,2014,31(2):153-160.(in Chinese)
[26]丁阳,方磊,李忠献,等.防恐建筑结构抗爆防护分类设防标准研究[J].建筑结构学报,2013,34(4):57-64.(in Chinese)DING Yang,FANG Lei,LI Zhong-xian,et al.Research on categorized explosion protection criterion of anti-terrorism building structures[J].Journal of Building Structures,2013,34(4):57-64.(in Chinese)
[27]于润清,方秦,陈力,等.建筑结构构件基于性能的抗爆设计方法[J].工程力学,2016,33(11):75-83.YU Run-qing,FANG Qin,CHEN Li,et al.Performancebased blast-resistant design of bulding structure components[J].Engineering Mechanics,2016,33(11):75-83.(in Chinese)
[28]孔德森,张伟伟,孟庆辉,等.TNT当量法估算地铁恐怖爆炸中的炸药当量[J].地下空间与工程学报,2010,6(1):197-200.ONG De-sen,ZHANG Wei-wei,MENG Qing-hui,et al.Estimation and evaluation of terror explosion equivalent in underground by TNT equivalent[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2010,6(1):197-200.(in Chinese)
[29]陈亮,韩豫,毛龙泉,等.大型公共建筑风险评估框架研究[J].江苏建筑,2011(3):111-114.CHEN Liang,HAN Yu,MAO Long-quan,et al.General framework of large-scale public building's risk assessment[J].Jiangsu Construction,2011(3):111-114.
[30]周云,王烨华,邓雪松,等.高层钢结构性能目标的建立[J].钢结构,2007,22(6):1-5.ZHOU Yun,WANG Ye-hua,DENG Xue-feng,et al.The establishment of performance objectives for high-rise steel structure[J].Steel Construction,2007,22(6):1-5.(in Chinese)