施磷对机采棉养分吸收与磷利用效率的影响
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摘要
研究不同磷肥施用量对新疆机采棉主栽模式[1膜6行(10+66+10+66+10)cm]下棉花养分吸收与磷利用效率的影响,可为机采棉磷肥合理运筹提供理论依据。以新陆早57为研究对象,采用田间试验研究了5个不同磷肥(P_2O_5)处理(0、75 kg/hm~2、150 kg/hm~2、300 kg/hm~2、450 kg/hm~2)对机采棉干物质积累、各生育时期N、P、K素积累量、磷利用效率及产量的影响。结果表明:适量增加磷肥施用量有利于机采棉干物质积累量、产量和N、P、K素积累量的提高,尤以磷肥施用量在75~150 kg/hm~2范围内最高。花铃期机采棉干物质积累量、产量和各器官N、P、K素积累量分别较对照平均增加了9.85%、24.2%、6.24%、27.1%和51.6%;磷肥利用率、农学利用率和偏生产率随磷肥施用量的增加而降低,其中75 kg/hm~2处理最高,为2.4%、13.50 kg/hm~2和67.39 kg/hm~2;合理的磷肥施用量促进了机采棉产量的提高,75 kg/hm~2和150 kg/hm~2处理显著高于对照,分别增产了25.05%和38.53%。因此,本试验条件下磷肥施用量为75~150 kg/hm~2最佳。
This paper studied the effects of different phosphates fertilizer application rates on nutrient uptake and phosphorus use efficiency of cotton under machine harvest mode(10 cm+66 cm+10 cm+66 cm+10 cm)in Xinjiang,so as to provide theoretical basis for rational operation of phosphate fertilizer in cotton harvested by machine.Taking‘Xinluzao 57’as research object,the paper studied the 5 different P fertilizer(P_2O_5)treatments(0,75 kg/hm~2,150 kg/hm~2,300 kg/hm~2,450 kg/hm~2)on dry matter accumulation and N,P,K absorption of each growing period,P use efficiency and yield.The results indicated that moderately increasing P fertilizer was favorable for dry matter accumulation,yield and N,P,K accumulation increase.All these items reached the highest level especially under 75~150 kg/hm~2treatment.The dry matter accumulation,yield and N,P,K accumulation of various organ were 9.85%,24.2%,6.24%,27.1%and 51.6%higher than those of the control,respectively.Under75 kg/hm~2treatment,the phosphorus use efficiency,agronomic efficiency,and partial productivity were reduced along with the increase of P application rate.All these items were the highest under 75 kg/hm~2treatment as 2.4%,13.50 kg/hm~2and 67.39 kg/hm~2,respectively.Rational P application promoted the yield increase of mechanical harvest cotton,and under 75 kg/hm~2and 150 kg/hm~2treatments,the yield increased 25.05%and 38.53%,respectively,significantly higher than that of the control.Thus,the application of P_2O_5for 75~150 kg/hm~2was the optimal under the conditions of this experiment.
This paper studied the effects of different phosphates fertilizer application rates on nutrient uptake and phosphorus use efficiency of cotton under machine harvest mode(10 cm+66 cm+10 cm+66 cm+10 cm)in Xinjiang,so as to provide theoretical basis for rational operation of phosphate fertilizer in cotton harvested by machine.Taking‘Xinluzao 57’as research object,the paper studied the 5 different P fertilizer(P_2O_5)treatments(0,75 kg/hm~2,150 kg/hm~2,300 kg/hm~2,450 kg/hm~2)on dry matter accumulation and N,P,K absorption of each growing period,P use efficiency and yield.The results indicated that moderately increasing P fertilizer was favorable for dry matter accumulation,yield and N,P,K accumulation increase.All these items reached the highest level especially under 75~150 kg/hm~2treatment.The dry matter accumulation,yield and N,P,K accumulation of various organ were 9.85%,24.2%,6.24%,27.1%and 51.6%higher than those of the control,respectively.Under75 kg/hm~2treatment,the phosphorus use efficiency,agronomic efficiency,and partial productivity were reduced along with the increase of P application rate.All these items were the highest under 75 kg/hm~2treatment as 2.4%,13.50 kg/hm~2and 67.39 kg/hm~2,respectively.Rational P application promoted the yield increase of mechanical harvest cotton,and under 75 kg/hm~2and 150 kg/hm~2treatments,the yield increased 25.05%and 38.53%,respectively,significantly higher than that of the control.Thus,the application of P_2O_5for 75~150 kg/hm~2was the optimal under the conditions of this experiment.
引文
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[21]李建峰,梁福斌,陈厚川,等.棉花机采模式下株行距配置对农艺性状及产量的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2016,53(8):1390-1396.Li J F,Liang F B,Chen H C,et al..Effect of plant and row spacing on agronomic characters and yield of machine picked cotton[J].J.Xinjiang Agric.Sci.,2016,53(8):1390-1396.
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[23]赵亚丽,杨春收,王群,等.磷肥施用深度对夏玉米产量和养分吸收的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(23):4805-4813.Zhao Y L,Yang C S,Wang Q,et al..Effects of phosphorus placement depth on yield and nutrient uptake of summer maize[J].J.Sci.Agric.Sin.,2010,43(23):4805-4813.
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[25]邢丹,李淑文,夏博,等.磷肥施用对冬小麦产量及土壤氮素利用的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(2):437-442.Xing D,Li S W,Xia B,et al..Effects of phosphorus fertilization on yield of winter wheat and utilization of soil nitrogen[J].Chin.J.Appl.Ecol.,2015,26(2):437-442.
[26]彭正萍,张家铜,袁硕,等.不同供磷水平对玉米干物质和磷动态积累及分配的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(04):793-798.Peng Z P,Zhang J T,Yuan S,et al..Effects of different phosphrus application rates on the dynamic accumulation and distribution of dry matter and phosphrus in maize[J].J.Plant Nutr.Fert.Sci.,2009,15(4):793-798.
[27]陈波浪,吴海华,曹公利,等.不同肥力水平下立架栽培甜瓜干物质累积和氮、磷、钾养分吸收特性[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(1):142-149.Chen B L,Wu H H,Cao G L,et al..Characteristics of dry matter accumulation and N,P and K assimilations of trelliscultivated melon under different fertility rates[J].J.Plant Nutr.Fert.Sci.,2013,19(1):142-149.
[2]坤哥.棉花种植面积五年首升有感[J].营销界(农资与市场),2017,16:47-49.
[3]张建.“一带一路”背景下新疆机采棉发展问题研究[J].经济研究导刊,2017,5:23-25,37.Zhang J.Study on the problem of the development of Xinjiang machine picked cotton in the background of"Belt and Road Initiative"[J].J.Economic Research Guide,2017,5:23-25,37.
[4]郭濛濛,邱宝平,符云鹏,等.氮磷钾配施比例对晒红烟碳氮代谢关键酶活性及化学成分的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(5):95-98.
[5]Girma K Y,Roger K T,Kyle W F.Cotton lint yield and quality as affected by applications of N,P,K fertilizers[J].J.Cotton Sci.,2007,11(1):12-19.
[6]Steve P N,Charles E S J.Cotton growth,lint yield,and fiber quality as affected by rows pacing and cultivar[J].J.Cotton Sci.,2004,8(1):1-12.
[7]戴婷婷,盛建东,陈波浪.磷肥不同用量对棉花干物质及氮磷钾吸收分配的影响[J].棉花学报,2010,22(05):466-470.Dai T T,Sheng J D,Chen B L,et al..Effect of different phosphorus fertilizer rate on drymatter accumulation and the absorption and distribution of nitrogen,phosphorous,potassium of cotton[J].Cotton Sci.,2010,22(5):466-470.
[8]姚银坤,张炎,胡伟,等.施磷对长绒棉干物质积累、分配比例和产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2008,5:36-40.Yao Y K,Zhang Y,HU W,et al..Effects of phosphorus application on biomass accumulation,distribution rate and yield of sea island cotton[J].J.China Soils Fert.,2008,5:36-40.
[9]胡国智,张炎,胡伟,等.施磷对棉花磷素吸收、利用和产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2010,4:27-31.Hu G Z,Zhang Y,Hu W,et al..Effects of phosphate fertilizer application on P absorption,utilization and yield of cotton[J].J.China Soils Fert.,2010,4:27-31.
[10]刘涛,褚贵新,魏亦农,等.杂交棉干物质积累与养分吸收分配特点[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(6):1117-1124.Liu T,Chu G X,Wei Y N,et al..Characteristics of dry matter accumulation,nutrients uptake and distribution in hybrid cotton[J].J.Sci.Agric.Sin.,2011,44(6):1117-1124.
[11]杨明花,姜益娟,聂万林,等.施磷量对膜下滴灌杂交棉氮磷钾养分吸收利用及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(5):75-78.Yang M H,Jiang Y J,Nie W L,et al..Effect of phosphorus rates on nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium uptake andutilization and yield of hybrid cotton with drip irrigation under membrane[J].J.Agric.Res.Arid Areas,2010,28(5):75-78.
[12]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000,30-109.Bao S D.Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000,30-109.
[13]Landi L,Valori F,Ascher J,et al..Root exudates effects on the bacterial communities,CO2nitrogen evolution,transformations and ATP content of rhizosphere and bulk soils[J].Soil Biol.Biochem.,2006,38(3):509-516.
[14]张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):915-924.Zhang F S,Wang J Q,Zhang W F,et al..Nutrient use efficiencies of major cereal crops in china and measures for improvement[J].J.Acta Pedol.Sin.,2008,45(5):915-924.
[15]辛承松,董合忠,罗振,等.黄河三角洲盐渍土棉花施用氮、磷、钾肥的效应研究[J].作物学报,2010,3(10):1698-1706.Xin C S,Dong H Z,Luo Z,et al..Effects of N,P and Kfertilizer application on cotton grown in saline soil in yellow river selta[J].J.Acta Agron.Sin.,2010,3(10):1698-1706.
[16]卜容燕,任涛,鲁剑巍,等.水稻-油菜轮作条件下磷肥效应研究[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(06):1227-1234.Bo R Y,Ren T,Lu J W,et al..Analysis of P fertilizer efficiency under rice-rapeseed rotation system[J].J.Sci.Agric.Sin.,2014,47(06):1227-1234.
[17]陈远学,李汉邯,周涛,等.施磷对间套作玉米叶面积指数、干物质积累分配及磷肥利用效率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(10):2799-2806.Chen Y X,Li H H,Zhou T,et al..Effects of phosphorus fertilization on leaf area index,biomass accumulation and allocation,and phosphorus use efficiency of intercropped maize[J].Chin.J.Appl.Ecol.,2013,24(10):2799-2806.
[18]陈兵林,曹卫星,周治国.棉花单铃干物质积累分配的分期动态模拟及检验[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(3):487-493.Chen B L,Cao W X,Zhou Z G.Simulation and validation of dry matter accumulation and distribution of cotton bolls at different flowering stages[J].J.Sci.Agric.Sin.,2006,39(3):487-493.
[19]朱建军,张旺锋,勾玲,等.北疆高产棉田棉铃干物质积累规律研究[J].中国棉花,2004,31(7):10-12.Zhu J J,Zhang W F,Gou L,et al..Study on dry matter accumulation of cotton bolls in high yield in north Xinjiang[J].J.China Cott.,2004,31(7):10-12.
[20]姚银坤.施磷对棉花生长发育和养分吸收的影响[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,硕士学士论文,2008.Yao Y K.Effects on phosphorus application of cotton growth and nutrient absorption[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,Master Dissertation,2008.
[21]李建峰,梁福斌,陈厚川,等.棉花机采模式下株行距配置对农艺性状及产量的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2016,53(8):1390-1396.Li J F,Liang F B,Chen H C,et al..Effect of plant and row spacing on agronomic characters and yield of machine picked cotton[J].J.Xinjiang Agric.Sci.,2016,53(8):1390-1396.
[22]王秋媛,田江梅,韩叙,等.磷对淀粉型甘薯产量及养分吸收利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(5):1252-1260.Wang Q W,Tian J M,Han X,et al..Effect of phosphorus on yield and nutrient absorption and utilization in starch-type sweet potato[J].J.Plant Nutr.Fert.Sci.,2015,21(5):1252-1260.
[23]赵亚丽,杨春收,王群,等.磷肥施用深度对夏玉米产量和养分吸收的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(23):4805-4813.Zhao Y L,Yang C S,Wang Q,et al..Effects of phosphorus placement depth on yield and nutrient uptake of summer maize[J].J.Sci.Agric.Sin.,2010,43(23):4805-4813.
[24]闫湘,金继运,何萍,等.提高肥料利用率技术研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(2):450-459.Yan X,Jin J Y,He P,et al..Recent advances in technology of increasing fertilizer use efficiency[J].J.Sci.Agric.Sin.,2008,41(2):450-459.
[25]邢丹,李淑文,夏博,等.磷肥施用对冬小麦产量及土壤氮素利用的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(2):437-442.Xing D,Li S W,Xia B,et al..Effects of phosphorus fertilization on yield of winter wheat and utilization of soil nitrogen[J].Chin.J.Appl.Ecol.,2015,26(2):437-442.
[26]彭正萍,张家铜,袁硕,等.不同供磷水平对玉米干物质和磷动态积累及分配的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(04):793-798.Peng Z P,Zhang J T,Yuan S,et al..Effects of different phosphrus application rates on the dynamic accumulation and distribution of dry matter and phosphrus in maize[J].J.Plant Nutr.Fert.Sci.,2009,15(4):793-798.
[27]陈波浪,吴海华,曹公利,等.不同肥力水平下立架栽培甜瓜干物质累积和氮、磷、钾养分吸收特性[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(1):142-149.Chen B L,Wu H H,Cao G L,et al..Characteristics of dry matter accumulation and N,P and K assimilations of trelliscultivated melon under different fertility rates[J].J.Plant Nutr.Fert.Sci.,2013,19(1):142-149.