林火燃烧环境对灭火效果的影响研究
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摘要
以2017年8月23日珠海市遭受强台风"天鸽"的正面袭击后凤凰山森林可燃物调查和2017年12月20日发生在凤凰山森林火灾火行为变化为基础,根据台风灾害前后森林可燃物载量的变化状况,分析了的台风灾害后林火特点,比较了不同灭火方法对灭火效果的差异。结果表明,随着台风灾害后林火燃烧环境的改变,导致灭火的难度增加,采取以水灭火和直升机吊桶洒水灭火,能有效扑灭可燃物大幅度增加后的森林火灾,灭火效果较好。研究发现,台风灾害后导致的森林可燃物大量增加,影响林火燃烧环境和林火行为,对于此类的森林火灾,应根据林火环境特征采取针对性灭火措施,从而提高灭火效果,有效保护森林资源。
This paper is based on the investigation of forest fuel load in Fenghuang Mountain,which finished after the attack of strong typhoon "Tiange" in Zhuhai city on August 23, 2017 and the change of forest fire behavior on December 20, 2017. According to the change of forest fuel load before and after typhoon disaster,the characteristics of forest fire after typhoon disaster were analyzed, and the differences in fire suppression effect between different fire suppression methods were compared. The results showed that with the change of forest fire environment after typhoon disaster, the difficulty of fire suppression was increased. Water fire suppression and helicopter bucket sprinklers were used to extinguish fires, which could effectively extinguish forest fires with greatly increased combustibles, and the fire suppression effect was better. It was found that the increase of forest fuel load after typhoon disasters affects the burning environment and behavior of forest fires. For such forest fires,specific fire suppression measures should be taken according to the environmental characteristics of forest fires, so as to improve the fire suppression effect and effectively protect forest resources.
This paper is based on the investigation of forest fuel load in Fenghuang Mountain,which finished after the attack of strong typhoon "Tiange" in Zhuhai city on August 23, 2017 and the change of forest fire behavior on December 20, 2017. According to the change of forest fuel load before and after typhoon disaster,the characteristics of forest fire after typhoon disaster were analyzed, and the differences in fire suppression effect between different fire suppression methods were compared. The results showed that with the change of forest fire environment after typhoon disaster, the difficulty of fire suppression was increased. Water fire suppression and helicopter bucket sprinklers were used to extinguish fires, which could effectively extinguish forest fires with greatly increased combustibles, and the fire suppression effect was better. It was found that the increase of forest fuel load after typhoon disasters affects the burning environment and behavior of forest fires. For such forest fires,specific fire suppression measures should be taken according to the environmental characteristics of forest fires, so as to improve the fire suppression effect and effectively protect forest resources.
引文
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[6]刘斌,潘澜,薛立.台风对森林的影响[J].生态学报,2010,32(5):1596-1605.
[7]WANG Q,YU D,LI Z Q.The effect of typhoons on the diversity and distribution pattern of aquatic plants on Hainan Island,South China[J].Biotropica,2008,40(6):692-699.
[8]李意德,周光益,林明献,等.台风对热带森林群落机械损伤的研究[J].生态学杂志,1998,17(Sl):9-14.
[9]WU Z M,DU Z H,LIN M X,et al.Effect of tropical cyclone and typhoon on the litterfall of the tropical mountain rain forests in Hainan Island[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,1998,17(Sl):26-30.
[10]周光益,陈步峰,李意德,等.热带林生态系统对台风暴雨的再分配规律[J].生态学杂志,1998,17(Sl):31-36.
[11]周光益,吴仲民,陈步峰,等.尖峰岭不同降水条件下无林与有林地坡面土壤流失量比较[J].生态学杂志,1998,17(Sl):42-47.
[12]仝川,杨玉盛.飓风和台风对沿海地区森林生态系统的影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(12):5337-5344.
[13]胡海清,罗碧珍,魏书精,等.大兴安岭5种典型林型森林生物碳储量[J].生态学报,2015,35(17):5745-5760.
[14]胡海清,罗碧珍,魏书精,等.小兴安岭7种典型林型林分生物量碳密度与固碳能力[J].植物生态学报,2015,39(2):140-158.
[15]杨昆,管东生.珠江三角洲地区可燃物载量及其动态[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(4):705-712.
[16]杨昆,管东生.珠江三角洲森林的生物量和生产力研究[J].生态环境,2006,15(1):84-88.