柴达木西北缘大通沟南山基性-超基性岩地球化学特征及找矿前景分析
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摘要
大通沟南山地区基性-超基性岩体位于柴达木地块西北缘,侵位于新元古代地层。岩体多呈北东向展布,脉状、透镜状产出,岩石类型主要为橄榄辉石岩、辉石角闪石岩、辉石橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩等,铜镍矿化主要赋存于橄榄辉石岩、辉石角闪石岩中。岩石表现出低硅、中镁、高钛、高钙等特征,富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(Th、U、Rb),相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)。岩石学及岩石地球化学研究表明岩浆在演化过程中发生了一定程度的结晶分异和同化混染,显示出良好的铜镍矿成矿条件。岩石MgO含量、m/f值等指标显示岩体具有良好的铜镍矿含矿性。通过对岩体形成环境、岩石地球化学、物化探特征综合研究,表明大通沟南山地区基性-超基性岩具有良好的铜镍硫化物矿床形成条件和找矿前景。
The Datongnanshan basic-ultrabasic rocks are located at the northwest margin of Qaidam block,which were intruded into the Neoproterozoic formation.These rocks are distributed in the northeast direction,which are mainly occurred as vein and lens.The rocks are composed of olivine pyroxenite,pyroxene amphibolite,pyroxene peridotite and olivine websterite,The Cu-Ni mineralization is primarily occurred in olivine pyroxenite and pyroxene amphibolite.These rocks are characterized by low silicon,middle magnesium,high titanium and high calcium,which are enriched in light rare earth elements and large ion lithopile elements(Th,U,Rb),and relatively depleted in high field strength elements(Nb,Ta,Ti).Petrological and geochemical studies indicate that the crystallization differentiation and crustal contamination were occurred during the process of magma evolution,showing agood potential for forming copper and nickel deposits.The MgO content and m/f ratios of these rocks indicate that they have a good property of bearing copper and nickel.After studying the formation environment,petrogeochemistry,geophysical and geochemical characteristics of these rocks comprehensively,the results show that the Datonggounanshan basic-ultrabasic rocks have good prospecting prospect and forming conditions of CuNi sulfide deposits.
The Datongnanshan basic-ultrabasic rocks are located at the northwest margin of Qaidam block,which were intruded into the Neoproterozoic formation.These rocks are distributed in the northeast direction,which are mainly occurred as vein and lens.The rocks are composed of olivine pyroxenite,pyroxene amphibolite,pyroxene peridotite and olivine websterite,The Cu-Ni mineralization is primarily occurred in olivine pyroxenite and pyroxene amphibolite.These rocks are characterized by low silicon,middle magnesium,high titanium and high calcium,which are enriched in light rare earth elements and large ion lithopile elements(Th,U,Rb),and relatively depleted in high field strength elements(Nb,Ta,Ti).Petrological and geochemical studies indicate that the crystallization differentiation and crustal contamination were occurred during the process of magma evolution,showing agood potential for forming copper and nickel deposits.The MgO content and m/f ratios of these rocks indicate that they have a good property of bearing copper and nickel.After studying the formation environment,petrogeochemistry,geophysical and geochemical characteristics of these rocks comprehensively,the results show that the Datonggounanshan basic-ultrabasic rocks have good prospecting prospect and forming conditions of CuNi sulfide deposits.
引文
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赵双喜,王永刚,黎存林,等.柴达木盆地西北缘牛鼻子梁铜镍矿矿床特征及其发现意义[J].西北地质,2012,45(1):202-210.ZHAO Shuangxi,WANG Yonggang,LI Cunlin,et al.The Copper-nickle Mine Features of Niubiziliang in Northwest Margin of Chaidamu Basin,and Discoverable Significance[J].Northwestern Geology,2012,45(1):202-210(in Chinese with English abstract).
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凌锦兰,宋艳芳,姜常义,等.柴达木地块北缘牛鼻子梁镍铜矿床铂族元素和Re-Os同位素特征[J].地质与勘探,2014b,50(1):138-144.LING Jinlan,SONG Yanfang,JIANG Changyi,et al.Platinum-group elements and Re-Os isotopic characters of the Niubiziliang Ni-Cu deposit in the northe margin of the Qaidam block,Northwest China[J].Geology and Exploration,2014b,50(1):138-144(in Chinese with English abstract).
钱兵,张照伟,张志炳,等.柴达木盆地西北缘牛鼻子梁镁铁-超镁铁质岩体年代学及其地质意义[J].中国地质,2015,42(3):482-493.QIAN Bing,ZHANG Zhaowei,ZHANG Zhibing,et al.Zircon U-Pb geochronology of Niubiziliang mafic-ultramafic intrusion on the northwest margin of Qaidam Basin,Qinghai[J].Geology in China,2015,42(3):482-493.
钱兵,张照伟,王亚磊,等.柴达木北缘东段呼德生镁铁-超镁铁质岩体锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及成岩成矿分析[J].地质与勘探,2017a,53(5):838-854.QIAN Bing,ZHANG Zhaowei,WANG Yalei,et al.Zircon U-Pb geochronology,geochemistry and metallogenisis of the Hudesheng mafic-ultramafic intrusion in the eastern section of northern Qaidam Basin[J].Geology and Exploration,2017a,53(5):838-854(in Chinese with English abstract).
钱兵,张照伟,刘会文,等.柴达木西北缘古生代镁铁-超镁铁质岩体Cu-Ni成矿条件与找矿潜力分析[J].西北地质,2017b,50(1):35-49.QIAN Bing,ZHANG Zhaowei,LIU Huiwen,et al.Analysis on the Prospecting Potentiality and Cu-Ni Metallogenic Conditions of the Paleozoic Mafic-ultramafic in the Northwestern Margin of Qaidam Basin[J].Northwestern Geology,2017b,50(1):35-49.
任军虎,柳益群,冯乔,等.东昆仑清水泉辉绿岩脉地球化学及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年[J].岩石学报,2009,25(5):1135-1145.REN Junhu,LIU Yiqun,FENG Qiao,et al.LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating and geochemical characteristics of diabase-dykes from the Qingshuiquan area,eastern Kunlun orogenic belt[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2009,25(5):1135-1145(in Chinese with English abstract).
宋述光,张聪,李献华,等.柴北缘超高压带中锡铁山榴辉岩的变质时代[J].岩石学报,2011,27(4):1191-1197.SONG Shuguang,ZHANG Cong,LI Xianhua,et al.HP/UHP metamorphic time of eclogite in the Xitieshan terrane,North Qaidam UHPM belt,NW China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(4):1191-1197(in Chinese with English abstract).
宋忠宝,姜常义,凌锦兰,等.青海基性超基性岩与岩浆型铜镍硫化物矿床[M].北京:地质出版社,2015,1-286.SONG Zhongbao,JIANG Changyi,LING Jinlan,et al.Basic-ultrabasic rock and magmatic Cu-Ni sulfide deposit in Qinghai Province[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2015,1-286(in Chinese).
吴利仁.论中国基性岩、超基性岩的成矿专属性[J].地质科学,1963,4(1):29-41.WU Liren.On metallogenic specialization of mafic and ultrabasic rocks in China[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,1963,4(1):29-41.
夏林圻,夏祖春,徐学义,等.天山岩浆作用[M].北京:中国大地出版社,2007a,1-350XIA Linqi,XIA Zuchun,XU Xueyi,et al.The magmatism in Tianshan[M].Beijing:China-Land Press,2007a,1-350(in Chinese).
夏林圻,夏祖春,徐学义,等.利用地球化学方法判别大陆玄武岩和岛弧玄武岩[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2007b,26(1):77-89.XIA Linqi,XIA Zuchun,XU Xueyi,et al.The discrimination between continental basalt and island arc basalt based on geochemical method[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,2007b,26(1):77-89(in Chinese with English abstract).
于胜尧,张建新,李金平.柴北缘都兰高压麻粒岩的变质演化及形成的动力学背景[J].岩石学报,2009,25(9):2224-2234.YU Shengyao,ZHANG Jianxin,LI Jinping.Metamorphism history and dynamics of high-pressure granulites in the Dulan area of the North Qaidam Mountains,Northwest China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2009,25(9):2224-2234(in Chinese with English abstract).
张贵宾,张立飞.柴北缘沙柳河地区洋壳超高压变质单元中异剥钙榴岩的发现及其地质意义[J].地学前缘,2011,18(2):151-157.ZHANG Guibin,ZHANG Lifei.Rodingite from oceanic lithology of Shaliuhe Terrane in North Qaidam UHPMbelt and its geological implication[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2011,18(2):151-157(in Chinese with English abstract).
赵双喜,王永刚,黎存林,等.柴达木盆地西北缘牛鼻子梁铜镍矿矿床特征及其发现意义[J].西北地质,2012,45(1):202-210.ZHAO Shuangxi,WANG Yonggang,LI Cunlin,et al.The Copper-nickle Mine Features of Niubiziliang in Northwest Margin of Chaidamu Basin,and Discoverable Significance[J].Northwestern Geology,2012,45(1):202-210(in Chinese with English abstract).
张照伟,李文渊,钱兵,等.东昆仑夏日哈木岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床成矿时代的厘定及其找矿意义[J].中国地质,2015,42(3):438-451.ZHANG Zhaowei,LI Wenyuan,QIAN Bing,et al.Metallogenic epoch of the Xiarihamu magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposit in eastern Kunlun orogenic belt and its prospecting significance[J].Geology in China,2015,42(3)438-451(in Chinese with English abstract).
COLEMAN RG.Ophiolites-Ancient Oceanic Lithosphere?[M].Berlin:Springer Verlag,1977.
FREY F A,Green DH,Roy SD.Integrated Models of Basalt Petro-genesis:A Study of Quartz Tholeiites to Olivine Melilities from South Eastern Australia Utilizing Geochemical and Experimental Petrological Data[J].Journal of Petrology,1978,19(3):463-513.
GREEN DH.Genesis of Archean peridotic magmas and constraints on Archean geothermal gradients and tectonics[J].Geology,1975,3(1):15-18.
HESS PC.Phase equilibria constraints on the origin of ocean floor basalts[J].In:Morgan JP,Blackman DK and Sinton JM(eds.)[J].Geophysical Monograph,American Geophysical Union,1992,71:67-102.
HOFNANN AW.Chemical differentiation of the Earth:the relationship between mantle,continental crust,and oceanic crust[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letter,1988,90:297-314.
IRVINE TN.Crystallization sequences in the Muskox intrusion and other layered intrusion-Ⅱ:Origin of chromitite layers and similar deposits of other magmatic ores[J].Geochimica ET Cosmochimica Acta,1975,39(6):991-1020.
LIGHTFOOT PC,HAWKESWORTH CJ,OLSHEFSKYK,et al.Geochemistry of Tertiary tholeiites and picrites from Qeqertarssuaq(Disko Island)and Nuussuaq,West Greenland with implications for the mineral potential of comagmatic intrusions[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,1997,128(2):139-163.
MIYASHIRO A.Volcanic rock series in island arcs and active continental margins[J].Am.J.Sci.,1974,274:317-327.
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