贵州草海小龙虾型态差异与环境关系研究
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摘要
为了探清贵州草海不同生境条件下小龙虾身体型态间的差异与生境的关系,对贵州草海的8个样地生境进行监测调查,对286尾小龙虾外部结构进行测量,运用单因素方差分析法,通过计算小龙虾雌雄个体体重与身长的关系、肥满度,结合环境因素进行相关性分析。结果表明:4个样地小龙虾样本身体型态存在差异,喽啰山的体型最长,江家湾的体型最小;草海湖区小龙虾体重和身长的关系式为雌=0. 4529L~(0. 4271)(r~2=0. 9117 P<0. 05)、雄=0. 4955L~(0. 4063)(r~2=0. 9443 P <0. 05),雌虾生长速度大于雄虾;草海湖区小龙虾肥满度(K)平均为2. 92%、雌虾肥满度平均为2. 93%、雄虾肥满度平均为2. 91%,雌虾比雄虾肥满。4个样地水温和沉水植物覆盖度均与小龙虾数量呈极显著正相关,与身长呈显著负相关;水深与小龙虾数量呈低度负相关,与身长呈中低度正相关。说明水温和沉水植物覆盖度是对小龙虾身体型态产生差异的主要环境因素。
To explore the relationship between crayfish body types and habitats under different habitats in Caohai,Guizhou Province. Eight habitats of Caohai in Guizhou Province were monitored and investigated. The external structure of 286 crayfish was measured. The relationship between body weight and body length,fatness of male and female crayfish were calculated by single factor analysis of variance,and the correlation between body weight and body length was analyzed by combining environmental factors. The results showed that the body shape of crayfish samples in four plots was different. The body shape of Louluoshan was the longest and that of Jiangjiawan was the smallest. The relationship between body weight and body length of crayfish in Caohai Lake area was female =0. 4529 L~(0. 4271)( r~2= 0. 9117 P < 0. 05),male = 0. 4955 L~(0. 4063)( r~2= 0. 9443 P < 0. 05),and the growth rate of female shrimp was faster than that of male shrimp. In Caohai Lake area,crayfish fatness( K) averaged 2. 92%,female crayfish fatness averaged 2. 93%,male shrimp fatness averaged 2. 91%,female shrimp was fatter than male shrimp. The water temperature and submerged plant coverage were positively correlated with the number of crayfish,negatively correlated with body length,negatively correlated with water depth and the number of crayfish,and positively correlated with body length. Water temperature and submerged plant coverage were the main environmental factors that cause differences in body shape of crayfish.
To explore the relationship between crayfish body types and habitats under different habitats in Caohai,Guizhou Province. Eight habitats of Caohai in Guizhou Province were monitored and investigated. The external structure of 286 crayfish was measured. The relationship between body weight and body length,fatness of male and female crayfish were calculated by single factor analysis of variance,and the correlation between body weight and body length was analyzed by combining environmental factors. The results showed that the body shape of crayfish samples in four plots was different. The body shape of Louluoshan was the longest and that of Jiangjiawan was the smallest. The relationship between body weight and body length of crayfish in Caohai Lake area was female =0. 4529 L~(0. 4271)( r~2= 0. 9117 P < 0. 05),male = 0. 4955 L~(0. 4063)( r~2= 0. 9443 P < 0. 05),and the growth rate of female shrimp was faster than that of male shrimp. In Caohai Lake area,crayfish fatness( K) averaged 2. 92%,female crayfish fatness averaged 2. 93%,male shrimp fatness averaged 2. 91%,female shrimp was fatter than male shrimp. The water temperature and submerged plant coverage were positively correlated with the number of crayfish,negatively correlated with body length,negatively correlated with water depth and the number of crayfish,and positively correlated with body length. Water temperature and submerged plant coverage were the main environmental factors that cause differences in body shape of crayfish.
引文
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[16]贺刚,方春林,余智杰,等.雌性克氏原螯虾的生长模型与性腺发育的研究[J].江西水产科技,2011(03):19~21.
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[23]陈薛伟杰,郭健康,杨志,等.贵州境内3个野生大眼鳜群体的形态变异[J].中国水产科学,2018,25(1):34~43.
[24]王金庆,ZHOU Joe,吕卫光,张翰林,李双喜,郑宪清,张娟琴,刘长娥.水生植物覆盖度和水深对大型水生动物多样性的影响——基于长江下游池塘的研究[J].上海农业学报,2017,33(03):65~70.水位、水深和植被面积共同影响鱼虾类的捕获量。
[25]孙瑞杰,龚世园,马艳霞,等.克氏原螯虾产卵适宜生态环境的研究[J].淡水渔业,2008(04):16~19.
[26]雷晓青,肖鸣鹤,胡火庚,等.鄱阳湖克氏原螯虾生物学特性及生长繁殖习性的研究[J].江西水产科技,2009,1:2021.
[27]魏友海,张明.盘点2017年小龙虾养殖[J].科学养鱼,2017(10):13~16.
[28]温正乐.小龙虾养殖常见问题及对策[J].养殖与饲料,2018(04):34~35.
[29]郭黎,马爱军,王新安,黄智慧,于宏,杨志.盐度和温度对大菱鲆幼鱼抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2012,27(05):422~428.
[30]宋文华.养殖密度和温度对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodonidellus)生长和生理生化指标的影响[D].中国海洋大学,2012.
[31]陈永进,徐东坡,施炜纲.水生动物对环境因子行为偏好研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(20):18~24.
[32]倪静静,魏万红,郑友,李佳佳,严维辉,唐建清.不同水温对克氏原螯虾食性影响的研究[J].水产养殖,2015,36(10):11~14.
[33]温小波,库夭梅,罗静波.克氏原螯虾耗氧率及窒息点的研究[J].大连水产学院学报,2003(03):170~174.
[34]李庭古,罗刚,徐国成.不同水温对克氏螯虾受精卵孵化的影响[J].渔业现代化,2005(06):34~35.
[2] Reyonld J D. Growth and reoroductlon. Holdch D M. Blology of freshwater crayflsh[J]. Oxford,UK:Blackwell Sclence,2002,152~191.
[3] Gherardl F. Crayfish Invading Europe:The case study of Procambarus clarkll[J]. Marine and Freshwater Behavlour and Physlology,2006,39(3):175~191.
[4]张丽,谢春,唐建清,等.婚配后雄性克氏原螯虾的择偶行为[J].南京大学学报(自然科学),2014,50(06):890~894.
[5]唐建清,宋胜磊,潘建林,等.克氏原螯虾对几种人工洞穴的选择性[J].水产科学,2004(05):26~28.
[6]龚世园,李浪平,吕建林,等.克氏原螯虾掘洞行为研究[J].淡水渔业,2007(06):3~7.
[7]唐鑫生.克氏原螯虾[J].生物学通报,2001(09):19~20.
[8] Longshaw Matt. Diseases of crayfish:a review.[J].Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,2011,106(1).
[9] Ratcha Chaichana,Chinnawat Wanjit. Impacts,control and perception of introduced Crayfish in Thailand[J]. Aquatic Ecosystem Health&Management,2018,21(1).
[10] Zhang Xiao-Wen,Wang Xian-Wei,Sun Chen et al.. C-type lectin from red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii participates in cellular immune response.[J]. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology(Online),2011,76(3).
[11]蔡国俊.草海喀斯特高原湿地水体富营养化与水生植物关系研究[D].贵州大学,2016.
[12]蔡京兰,熊源新,张宇敏.草海自然保护区的藻类植物与水体富营养化关系初探[J].贵州林业科技,1996(02):22~24,39.
[13]黎杨,夏品华,葛皓,等.高原湖泊湿地草海沉积物胞外酶与有机碳的时空动态[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(07):2723~2730.
[14]魏华,成水平,柴培宏,等. 2009年秋季武汉大东湖北湖水系水生植物调查[J].湖泊科学,2011,23(03):401~408.
[15]张燕萍,陈文静,方春林,等.鄱阳湖区克氏原螯虾捕捞种群结构分析[J].江西水产科技,2014(02):6~9+19.
[16]贺刚,方春林,余智杰,等.雌性克氏原螯虾的生长模型与性腺发育的研究[J].江西水产科技,2011(03):19~21.
[17]中国科学院数学研究所统计组.方差分析[R].科学出版社,1977.
[18]张庆利. SPSS宝典[M],第二版.北京:电子工业出版社,2011:327~403.
[19]刘岩.环境因子对水生动物的影响[J].养殖技术顾问,2012(02):263.
[20]任信林,凌武海,纪翠萍.环境因子对克氏原螯虾养殖的影响[J].水产科学,2009,28(11):710~712.
[21]马爱军,王新安,孙志宾,等.红鳍东方鲀三个不同群体的形态差异分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2016,47(01):166~172.
[22]张秀秀,管德龙,覃凯华,等.秦岭地区中华蜜蜂5个地理种群翅形态差异的几何形态测量学研究[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(02):71~74.
[23]陈薛伟杰,郭健康,杨志,等.贵州境内3个野生大眼鳜群体的形态变异[J].中国水产科学,2018,25(1):34~43.
[24]王金庆,ZHOU Joe,吕卫光,张翰林,李双喜,郑宪清,张娟琴,刘长娥.水生植物覆盖度和水深对大型水生动物多样性的影响——基于长江下游池塘的研究[J].上海农业学报,2017,33(03):65~70.水位、水深和植被面积共同影响鱼虾类的捕获量。
[25]孙瑞杰,龚世园,马艳霞,等.克氏原螯虾产卵适宜生态环境的研究[J].淡水渔业,2008(04):16~19.
[26]雷晓青,肖鸣鹤,胡火庚,等.鄱阳湖克氏原螯虾生物学特性及生长繁殖习性的研究[J].江西水产科技,2009,1:2021.
[27]魏友海,张明.盘点2017年小龙虾养殖[J].科学养鱼,2017(10):13~16.
[28]温正乐.小龙虾养殖常见问题及对策[J].养殖与饲料,2018(04):34~35.
[29]郭黎,马爱军,王新安,黄智慧,于宏,杨志.盐度和温度对大菱鲆幼鱼抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2012,27(05):422~428.
[30]宋文华.养殖密度和温度对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodonidellus)生长和生理生化指标的影响[D].中国海洋大学,2012.
[31]陈永进,徐东坡,施炜纲.水生动物对环境因子行为偏好研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(20):18~24.
[32]倪静静,魏万红,郑友,李佳佳,严维辉,唐建清.不同水温对克氏原螯虾食性影响的研究[J].水产养殖,2015,36(10):11~14.
[33]温小波,库夭梅,罗静波.克氏原螯虾耗氧率及窒息点的研究[J].大连水产学院学报,2003(03):170~174.
[34]李庭古,罗刚,徐国成.不同水温对克氏螯虾受精卵孵化的影响[J].渔业现代化,2005(06):34~35.