单多普勒雷达对一次龙卷过程的观测和分析
|
摘要
本文利用泰州S波段多普勒雷达观测资料和探空、地面资料对2013年7月7日发生在江苏高邮的一次龙卷过程进行分析讨论。此次龙卷过程由超级单体风暴引发,环境分析显示高邮地区低层位于急流辐合区,高层位于急流辐散区,有利于对流发展。龙卷发生前具有强对流不稳定度和中等风切变。雷达回波资料分析显示超级单体在成熟阶段出现明显的钩状回波,有界回波区以及悬垂回波的特征。旋转速度最强时,有龙卷产生,之后超级单体进入消亡过程。底层强垂直风切变和垂直速度不均匀分布,有利于激发龙卷天气的发生或者促进龙卷天气的维持发展。
The single Doppler radar data, sounding and surface observations of Taizhou, on July 7, 2013 were used to analyze the tornado near Gaoyou, Jiangsu Province. This tornado was induced by the supercell storm. The environment analysis showed that the low level of Gaoyou was located at the convergence area of jet, and the high level at the divergence area of jet, which provided a favorable condition for the development of convection. Before the tornado occurred, there are strong convective instability and moderate wind shear. Radar echo data analysis showed that the supercell had obvious hook echoes, bounded echo regions and overhanging echoes at the maturity stage. When the rotation speed reached the fastest, a tornado was generated, and then the supercell began to extinct. The uneven distribution of strong vertical wind shear and vertical velocity at the bottom, is conducive to inducing the tornado or promoting its sustainable development.
The single Doppler radar data, sounding and surface observations of Taizhou, on July 7, 2013 were used to analyze the tornado near Gaoyou, Jiangsu Province. This tornado was induced by the supercell storm. The environment analysis showed that the low level of Gaoyou was located at the convergence area of jet, and the high level at the divergence area of jet, which provided a favorable condition for the development of convection. Before the tornado occurred, there are strong convective instability and moderate wind shear. Radar echo data analysis showed that the supercell had obvious hook echoes, bounded echo regions and overhanging echoes at the maturity stage. When the rotation speed reached the fastest, a tornado was generated, and then the supercell began to extinct. The uneven distribution of strong vertical wind shear and vertical velocity at the bottom, is conducive to inducing the tornado or promoting its sustainable development.
引文
[1] Stout g e,huff f a.Radar records Illinois tornado genesis.Bull.Amer.Meteor.Soc.,1953,34:281-284.
[2] 古金霞.双多普勒天气雷达联合探测大气风场技术进展.气象科学,2004,24(2):246-252.GU Jinxia.The technique and development about joint retrieval of atmospheric wind by Dual-Doppler radar.Scientia Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese),2004,24(2):246-252.
[3] 廖玉芳,潘志祥,郭庆.基于单多普勒天气雷达产品的强对流天气预报预警方法.气象科学,2006,26(5):564-571.LIAO Yufang,PAN Zhixiang,GUO Qing.Technique for forecasting and warning of severe convective weather based on single Doppler weather radar products.Scientia Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese),2006,26(5):564-571.
[4] 邵玲玲,黄宁立,邬锐,等.一次强飑线天气过程分析和龙卷强度级别判定.气象科学,2006,26(6):627-632.SHAO Lingling,HUANG Ningli,WU Rui,et al.The analysis of a strong squall line process and classification of tornado intensity.Scientia Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese),2006,26(6):627-632.
[5] 俞小鼎,郑媛媛,张爱民,等.安徽一次强烈龙卷的多普勒天气雷达分析.高原气象,2006,25(5):914-924.YU Xiaoding,ZHENG Yuanyuan,ZHANG Aimin,et al.The detection of a severe tornado event in Anhui with China new generation weather radar.Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),2006,25(5):914-924.
[6] 宋子忠,刘娟,张健,等.灵璧强龙卷个例的多普勒天气雷达分析.气象科学,2006,26(6):689-695.SONG Zizhong,LIU Juan,ZHANG Jian,et al.Analysis of a severe tornado in Lingbi county with Doppler radar Fuyang CINRAD/SA's products.Scientia Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese),2006,26(6):689-695.
[7] 姚叶青,俞小鼎,郝莹,等.两次强龙卷过程的环境背景场和多普勒雷达资料的对比分析.热带气象学报,2007,23(5):483-490.YAO Yeqing,YU Xiaoding,HAO Ying,et al.The contrastive analysis of synoptic situation and Doppler radar data for two intense tornado cases.Journal of Tropical Meteorology (in Chinese),2007,23(5):483-490.
[8] 郑媛媛,朱红芳,方翔,等.强龙卷超级单体风暴特征分析与预警研究.高原气象,2009,28(3):617-625.ZHENG Yuanyuan,ZHU Hongfang,FANG Xiang,et al.Characteristic analysis and early-warning of tornado supercell storm.Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),2009,28(3):617-625.
[9] 朱江山,刘娟,边智,等.一次龙卷生成中风暴单体合并和涡旋特征的雷达观测研究.气象,2015,41(2):182-191.ZHU Jiangshan,LIU Juan,BIAN Zhi,et al.Analysis of cell merger and vortex signature during generation of tornado in Anhui based on Doppler radar observation.Meteorological Monthly(in Chinese),2015,41(2):182-191.
[10] 林应,陈铁,张树民,等.海门一次F1级龙卷的多普勒天气雷达特征分析.气象科学,2011,31(S1):126-133.LIN Ying,CHEN Tie,ZHANG Shumin,et al.Analysis on Doppler radar characteristic of grade F1 tornado in Haimen.Journal of the Meteorological Sciences (in Chinese),2011,31(S1):126-133.
[11] 张一平,俞小鼎,吴秦,等.区域暴雨过程中两次龙卷风事件分析.气象学报,2012,70(5):961-973.ZHANG Yiping,YU Xiaoding,WU Qin,et al.Analysis of the two tornado events during a process of regional torrential rain.Acta Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese),2012,70(5):961-973.
[12] 郑峰,钟建锋,张灵杰.超强台风“圣帕”引发温州类龙卷的特征分析.高原气象,2012,31(1):231-238.ZHENG Feng,ZHONG Jianfeng,ZHANG Lingjie.Analysis on a severe storm of Wenzhou similar tornado in the outer-region of the super typhoon ‘Sepat’.Plateau Meteorology (in Chinese),2012,31(1):231-238.
[13] Browning K A,Donaldson R J.Airflow and structure of a tornadic storm.J.Atmos.Sci.,1963,20(6):533-545.
[14] Ray P S,Doviak R J,Walker G B,et al.Dual-Doppler observation of a tornadic storm.J.Appl.Meteorol.,1975,14(8):1521-1530.
[15] 魏文秀,赵亚民.中国龙卷风的若干特征.气象,1995,21(5):36-40.WEI Wenxiu,ZHAO Yamin.The characteristics of tornadoes in China.Meteorological Monthly (in Chinese),1995,21(5):36-40.
[16] SHEN Yan,ZHAO Ping,PAN Yang,et al.A high spatiotemporal gauge-satellite merged precipitation analysis over China.J.Geophys.Res.,2014,119(6):3063-3075.
[17] Brown R A,Wood V T.Imprved severe storm warning using Doppler radar.Nat.Wea.Digast,1983,8(3):19-27.
[18] Johnson R H,Bresch J F.Diagnosed characteristics of precipitation systems over Taiwan during the May-June 1987 TAMEX.Mon.Wea.Rev.,1991,119(11):2540-2557.
[19] 卓智祥.梅雨季北台灣雷暴系統之中尺度分析[硕士论文].台湾:台湾大学大气科学研究所,2006.ZHUO Zhixiang.Mesoscale analysis of thunderstorm system in northern Taiwan during Meiyu season[D].Taiwan:Insititute of Meteorological Sciences of Taiwan University(in Chinese),2006.
[20] 潘玉洁,赵坤,潘益农.一次强飑线内强降水超级单体风暴的单多普勒雷达分析.气象学报,2008,66(4):621-636.PAN Yujie,ZHAO Kun,PAN Yinong.Single-Doppler radar observation of a heavy precipitation supercell on a severe squall line.Acta Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese),2008,66(4):621-636.
[2] 古金霞.双多普勒天气雷达联合探测大气风场技术进展.气象科学,2004,24(2):246-252.GU Jinxia.The technique and development about joint retrieval of atmospheric wind by Dual-Doppler radar.Scientia Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese),2004,24(2):246-252.
[3] 廖玉芳,潘志祥,郭庆.基于单多普勒天气雷达产品的强对流天气预报预警方法.气象科学,2006,26(5):564-571.LIAO Yufang,PAN Zhixiang,GUO Qing.Technique for forecasting and warning of severe convective weather based on single Doppler weather radar products.Scientia Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese),2006,26(5):564-571.
[4] 邵玲玲,黄宁立,邬锐,等.一次强飑线天气过程分析和龙卷强度级别判定.气象科学,2006,26(6):627-632.SHAO Lingling,HUANG Ningli,WU Rui,et al.The analysis of a strong squall line process and classification of tornado intensity.Scientia Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese),2006,26(6):627-632.
[5] 俞小鼎,郑媛媛,张爱民,等.安徽一次强烈龙卷的多普勒天气雷达分析.高原气象,2006,25(5):914-924.YU Xiaoding,ZHENG Yuanyuan,ZHANG Aimin,et al.The detection of a severe tornado event in Anhui with China new generation weather radar.Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),2006,25(5):914-924.
[6] 宋子忠,刘娟,张健,等.灵璧强龙卷个例的多普勒天气雷达分析.气象科学,2006,26(6):689-695.SONG Zizhong,LIU Juan,ZHANG Jian,et al.Analysis of a severe tornado in Lingbi county with Doppler radar Fuyang CINRAD/SA's products.Scientia Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese),2006,26(6):689-695.
[7] 姚叶青,俞小鼎,郝莹,等.两次强龙卷过程的环境背景场和多普勒雷达资料的对比分析.热带气象学报,2007,23(5):483-490.YAO Yeqing,YU Xiaoding,HAO Ying,et al.The contrastive analysis of synoptic situation and Doppler radar data for two intense tornado cases.Journal of Tropical Meteorology (in Chinese),2007,23(5):483-490.
[8] 郑媛媛,朱红芳,方翔,等.强龙卷超级单体风暴特征分析与预警研究.高原气象,2009,28(3):617-625.ZHENG Yuanyuan,ZHU Hongfang,FANG Xiang,et al.Characteristic analysis and early-warning of tornado supercell storm.Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),2009,28(3):617-625.
[9] 朱江山,刘娟,边智,等.一次龙卷生成中风暴单体合并和涡旋特征的雷达观测研究.气象,2015,41(2):182-191.ZHU Jiangshan,LIU Juan,BIAN Zhi,et al.Analysis of cell merger and vortex signature during generation of tornado in Anhui based on Doppler radar observation.Meteorological Monthly(in Chinese),2015,41(2):182-191.
[10] 林应,陈铁,张树民,等.海门一次F1级龙卷的多普勒天气雷达特征分析.气象科学,2011,31(S1):126-133.LIN Ying,CHEN Tie,ZHANG Shumin,et al.Analysis on Doppler radar characteristic of grade F1 tornado in Haimen.Journal of the Meteorological Sciences (in Chinese),2011,31(S1):126-133.
[11] 张一平,俞小鼎,吴秦,等.区域暴雨过程中两次龙卷风事件分析.气象学报,2012,70(5):961-973.ZHANG Yiping,YU Xiaoding,WU Qin,et al.Analysis of the two tornado events during a process of regional torrential rain.Acta Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese),2012,70(5):961-973.
[12] 郑峰,钟建锋,张灵杰.超强台风“圣帕”引发温州类龙卷的特征分析.高原气象,2012,31(1):231-238.ZHENG Feng,ZHONG Jianfeng,ZHANG Lingjie.Analysis on a severe storm of Wenzhou similar tornado in the outer-region of the super typhoon ‘Sepat’.Plateau Meteorology (in Chinese),2012,31(1):231-238.
[13] Browning K A,Donaldson R J.Airflow and structure of a tornadic storm.J.Atmos.Sci.,1963,20(6):533-545.
[14] Ray P S,Doviak R J,Walker G B,et al.Dual-Doppler observation of a tornadic storm.J.Appl.Meteorol.,1975,14(8):1521-1530.
[15] 魏文秀,赵亚民.中国龙卷风的若干特征.气象,1995,21(5):36-40.WEI Wenxiu,ZHAO Yamin.The characteristics of tornadoes in China.Meteorological Monthly (in Chinese),1995,21(5):36-40.
[16] SHEN Yan,ZHAO Ping,PAN Yang,et al.A high spatiotemporal gauge-satellite merged precipitation analysis over China.J.Geophys.Res.,2014,119(6):3063-3075.
[17] Brown R A,Wood V T.Imprved severe storm warning using Doppler radar.Nat.Wea.Digast,1983,8(3):19-27.
[18] Johnson R H,Bresch J F.Diagnosed characteristics of precipitation systems over Taiwan during the May-June 1987 TAMEX.Mon.Wea.Rev.,1991,119(11):2540-2557.
[19] 卓智祥.梅雨季北台灣雷暴系統之中尺度分析[硕士论文].台湾:台湾大学大气科学研究所,2006.ZHUO Zhixiang.Mesoscale analysis of thunderstorm system in northern Taiwan during Meiyu season[D].Taiwan:Insititute of Meteorological Sciences of Taiwan University(in Chinese),2006.
[20] 潘玉洁,赵坤,潘益农.一次强飑线内强降水超级单体风暴的单多普勒雷达分析.气象学报,2008,66(4):621-636.PAN Yujie,ZHAO Kun,PAN Yinong.Single-Doppler radar observation of a heavy precipitation supercell on a severe squall line.Acta Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese),2008,66(4):621-636.