动态激励下高速列车齿轮传动系统振动特性分析
|
摘要
为了研究高速列车齿轮传动系统动态特性,内部激励考虑齿轮的时变啮合刚度和传递误差,扭矩波动表示输入端激励,负载端激励考虑由黏滑振动引起的负载波动。利用有限元方法得到高速列车齿轮系统时变啮合刚度,考虑齿轮啮合误差,并用傅里叶级数展开。结合非线性多尺度近似解析方法,利用单自由度扭转模型分析动态激励对系统振动的影响,同时建立考虑齿轮啮合的高速列车动力车整车动力学模型。研究表明:齿轮传动系统中存在谐波振动,扭矩波动不仅会增大轮齿的角加速度和啮合力,同时使齿轮箱的振动加剧,并改变系统的振动主频,可能引发共振。黏滑振动将使齿轮系统的各项指标急剧增大,严重影响齿轮的啮合平稳性,在实际运营中应尽量避免。
In order to study the dynamic characteristics of the gear transmission system of high-speed train,a dynamic model of the gear system subjected to internal and external excitations was developed.The internal excitations included the time-varying stiffness and transmission errors,the external excitations included the harmonic torques at the source end and the torque fluctuations caused by stick-slip vibrations at the load end.Timevarying mesh stiffness of meshing teeth pairs was calculated through finite element analysis.The mesh stiffness and transmission error were expressed using the technique of Fourier series expansion.The theory of the nonlinear multiple scales method was used to analyze the harmonic characteristics according to the single degree of freedom equation of torsional vibrations.The multi-body dynamics model of motor car including the driving system was established,and the force and moments generated in the gear mesh were considered.The results show as follows:The torque fluctuation increases the angular acceleration and meshing force of gear,intensifies the vibration of gearbox,and also changes the main vibration frequency,thus initiating resonance;stick-slip oscillations cause all performance indexes of gearbox to rise dramatically and affect gear mesh stability seriously,this should be avoided in operation as far as possible.
In order to study the dynamic characteristics of the gear transmission system of high-speed train,a dynamic model of the gear system subjected to internal and external excitations was developed.The internal excitations included the time-varying stiffness and transmission errors,the external excitations included the harmonic torques at the source end and the torque fluctuations caused by stick-slip vibrations at the load end.Timevarying mesh stiffness of meshing teeth pairs was calculated through finite element analysis.The mesh stiffness and transmission error were expressed using the technique of Fourier series expansion.The theory of the nonlinear multiple scales method was used to analyze the harmonic characteristics according to the single degree of freedom equation of torsional vibrations.The multi-body dynamics model of motor car including the driving system was established,and the force and moments generated in the gear mesh were considered.The results show as follows:The torque fluctuation increases the angular acceleration and meshing force of gear,intensifies the vibration of gearbox,and also changes the main vibration frequency,thus initiating resonance;stick-slip oscillations cause all performance indexes of gearbox to rise dramatically and affect gear mesh stability seriously,this should be avoided in operation as far as possible.
引文
[1]张卫华.动车组总体与转向架[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2011:197-204.
[2]李润方,王建军.齿轮系统动力学[M]北京:科学出版社,1997:1-8.
[3]赵怀耘,刘建新,翟婉明.异步牵引电机谐波转矩对机车动力学的影响[J].西南交通大学学报,2009,44(2):269-273.ZHAO Huai-yun,LIU Jian-xin,ZHAI Wan-ming.Effects of Harmonic Torques of a Synchronous Traction Motor on Locomotive Dynamics[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2009,44(2):269-273.
[4]SENEYSIRICHAI.Torsional Properties of Spur Gears in Mesh Using Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis[D].Perth:Curtin University of technology,School of Mechanical Engineering,1999.
[5]宋雷鸣.动车组传动与控制[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2007:130-132.
[6]POLACH O.A Fast Non-steady Creep Force Model Based on the Simplified Theory[J].Vehicle System Dynamics Supplement,1999,33:728-739.
[7]张卫华,周文祥,陈良麒,等.高速轮轨黏着机理试验研究[J].铁道学报,2000,22(2):20-25.ZHANG Wei-hua,ZHOU Wen-xiang,CHEN Liang-qi,et al.Experiment Research on Wheel/Rail Adhesion Characteristics for High-speed Railway[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2000,22(2):20-25.
[8]陈泽深,王成国.铁道车辆动力学与控制[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2004:31-34.
[9]姚远.机车黏着极限态动态特征研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2010.
[10]刘延柱,陈立群.非线性振动[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001:83-86.
[2]李润方,王建军.齿轮系统动力学[M]北京:科学出版社,1997:1-8.
[3]赵怀耘,刘建新,翟婉明.异步牵引电机谐波转矩对机车动力学的影响[J].西南交通大学学报,2009,44(2):269-273.ZHAO Huai-yun,LIU Jian-xin,ZHAI Wan-ming.Effects of Harmonic Torques of a Synchronous Traction Motor on Locomotive Dynamics[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2009,44(2):269-273.
[4]SENEYSIRICHAI.Torsional Properties of Spur Gears in Mesh Using Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis[D].Perth:Curtin University of technology,School of Mechanical Engineering,1999.
[5]宋雷鸣.动车组传动与控制[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2007:130-132.
[6]POLACH O.A Fast Non-steady Creep Force Model Based on the Simplified Theory[J].Vehicle System Dynamics Supplement,1999,33:728-739.
[7]张卫华,周文祥,陈良麒,等.高速轮轨黏着机理试验研究[J].铁道学报,2000,22(2):20-25.ZHANG Wei-hua,ZHOU Wen-xiang,CHEN Liang-qi,et al.Experiment Research on Wheel/Rail Adhesion Characteristics for High-speed Railway[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2000,22(2):20-25.
[8]陈泽深,王成国.铁道车辆动力学与控制[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2004:31-34.
[9]姚远.机车黏着极限态动态特征研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2010.
[10]刘延柱,陈立群.非线性振动[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001:83-86.