不同季节与饲养密度条件下发酵床养殖对肉鸭生产性能的影响
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摘要
试验系统研究不同季节(春、夏、秋、冬)与养殖密度条件下(2.7、3.6、4.4只/m2)发酵床养殖对樱桃谷肉鸭生产性能的影响。结果表明:相比较传统的水养模式,不同季节发酵床养鸭均可显著改善肉鸭的成活率、出栏重和饲料报酬(P<0.05);夏季肉鸭成活率、出栏重与采食量均为最低,秋季肉鸭成活率、出栏重与总料重比为最优;不同饲养密度条件下,发酵床养鸭较传统水养均可显著提高肉鸭成活率和料重比(P<0.05),且肉鸭生产性能随着养殖密度的降低而提高。结论:不同季节和饲养密度条件下,发酵床养殖均可改善肉鸭部分生产性能,肉鸭生产性能随饲养密度降低而改善。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of deep litter system on the production performance of meat duck in different seasons(spring,summer,autumn and winter)and with different stocking densities(2.7,3.6,4.4birds/m2).The results showed that,compared with the traditional water raising system,deep litter system could significantly improve the survival rate,final weight and feed conversion in different seasons(P<0.05);survival rate,final weight and feed intake of meat duck were the lowest in summer and the highest in autumn;deep litter system also could significantly increase the birds' survival rate and feed conversion with different stocking densities.In addition,the duck production performance was improved when the stocking density decreased.It could be concluded that deep little system improved the performance of meat duck in different season and with different stocking density,and the duck's production performance increased with the decrease of stocking density.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of deep litter system on the production performance of meat duck in different seasons(spring,summer,autumn and winter)and with different stocking densities(2.7,3.6,4.4birds/m2).The results showed that,compared with the traditional water raising system,deep litter system could significantly improve the survival rate,final weight and feed conversion in different seasons(P<0.05);survival rate,final weight and feed intake of meat duck were the lowest in summer and the highest in autumn;deep litter system also could significantly increase the birds' survival rate and feed conversion with different stocking densities.In addition,the duck production performance was improved when the stocking density decreased.It could be concluded that deep little system improved the performance of meat duck in different season and with different stocking density,and the duck's production performance increased with the decrease of stocking density.
引文
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[13]Pettit R R,Estevez I I.Effects of density on perching behavior of broiler chickens[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2001,71(2):127-140.
[14]Viljugrein H,Stenseth N C,Smith G W,et al.Density dependence in north American ducks[J].Ecology,2005,86(1):245-254.
[15]Murray D L,Anderson M G,Steury T D.Temporal shift in density dependence among North American breeding duck populations[J].Ecology,2010,91(2):571-581.
[16]Pingel H.Influence of breeding and management on the efficiency of duck production[J].Lohmann Information,1999,22:7-13.
[2]张陆彪,彭新宇.我国畜禽养殖污染防治的立法思考[J].环境保护,2007(1):39-42.
[3]Haga K.Animal waste problems and their solution from the technological point of view in Japan[J].Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly,1998,32(3):203-210.
[4]Liste G,Kirkden R D,Broom D M.A commercial trial evaluating three open water sources for farmed ducks:effects on water usage and water quality[J].British Poultry Science,2013,54(1):24-32.
[5]Yang X W,Liu L,Jiang D L,et al.Improving geese production performance in"Goose-Fish"production system by competitive reduction of pathogenic bacteria in pond water[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2012,11(6):993-1001.
[6]Hutchings N J,Sommer S G,Andersen J M,et al.A detailed ammonia emission inventory for Denmark[J].Atmospheric Environment,2001,35(11):1 959-1 968.
[7]Groenestein C M,van Faassen H G.Volatilization of ammonia,nitrous oxide and nitric oxide in deep-litter systems for fattening pigs[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1996,65(4):269-274.
[8]Hayes E T,Curran T P,Dodd V A.Odour and ammonia emissions from intensive poultry units in Ireland[J].Bioresource Technology,2006,97(7):933-939.
[9]赵伟,刘玮孟,张广勇,等.樱桃谷肉鸭发酵床养殖生产性能及效益分析[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(10):192-193.
[10]李东卫,卢庆萍,白水莉,等.模拟条件下鸡舍氨气浓度对肉鸡生产性能和日常行为的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(2):322-326.
[11]陈志明,王志强,郭成辉.冬季不同养殖模式对猪舍环境及生产性能的影响[J].湖南饲料,2013(1):29-30.
[12]陈才,龙君江,李振.抗热应激剂对肉鸭生长性能及血液生化指标的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2013(4):75-76.
[13]Pettit R R,Estevez I I.Effects of density on perching behavior of broiler chickens[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2001,71(2):127-140.
[14]Viljugrein H,Stenseth N C,Smith G W,et al.Density dependence in north American ducks[J].Ecology,2005,86(1):245-254.
[15]Murray D L,Anderson M G,Steury T D.Temporal shift in density dependence among North American breeding duck populations[J].Ecology,2010,91(2):571-581.
[16]Pingel H.Influence of breeding and management on the efficiency of duck production[J].Lohmann Information,1999,22:7-13.