侗语南部方言第二土语送气不分调成因
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摘要
侗语各方言土语声调数目并不一致。从历时上看,差异的产生是各方言土语声调发展演变的条件不同造成的。侗语南部方言第二土语仅有10个声调,声调数量明显少于其他土语。造成该方言土语声调发展演变差异的根本原因是III和IV类声母并未对单数调造成影响形成调型区别,未分化出送气调。侗语南部方言送气分调的必要条件是送气辅音气化对元音和声调造成影响;充分条件是这种影响改变音高,使送气调和原调产生较大听感差异,从而区分为两个声调。
Various Don dialects are different in the number of tones,which is caused by different conditions for the development and evolution of dialectical tones in history. The second dialect of Southern Kam language has only ten tones,much less than other dialects. The root cause of this difference lies in the fact that odd-numbered tones are not affected by the types of III and IV vowels,so they cannot form different tone types,nor split into aspirated tones. The requirement for the splitting of tones of aspirated consonants is the breathiness of the initial consonants,which affects the vowels and tone. When the condition is sufficient,the pitch is modulated to distinguish the new tone from the original one
Various Don dialects are different in the number of tones,which is caused by different conditions for the development and evolution of dialectical tones in history. The second dialect of Southern Kam language has only ten tones,much less than other dialects. The root cause of this difference lies in the fact that odd-numbered tones are not affected by the types of III and IV vowels,so they cannot form different tone types,nor split into aspirated tones. The requirement for the splitting of tones of aspirated consonants is the breathiness of the initial consonants,which affects the vowels and tone. When the condition is sufficient,the pitch is modulated to distinguish the new tone from the original one
引文
[1]梁敏,张均如.侗台语族概论[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1996.
[2]朱晓农,韦名应,王俊芳.十五调和气调:侗语榕江县口寨方言案例[J].民族语文,2016,(5):12—24.
[3]Lisker L,Abramson A S.A Cross-Language Study of Voicing in Initial Stops:Acoustical Measurements[J].Word,1964,20(3):384-422.
[4]Bickely C.Acoustic analysis and perception of breathy vowels[J].Machine Translation,1982.
[5]韦名应.邕宁等壮语阴调类再分化的原因[J].民族语文,2017,(1):41—52.
[6]Zhu,Xiaonong.Chinese Phonetics[J].in the Encyclopedia of Chinese Languages and Chinese Linguistics.Leiden:Brill.2015.
[2]朱晓农,韦名应,王俊芳.十五调和气调:侗语榕江县口寨方言案例[J].民族语文,2016,(5):12—24.
[3]Lisker L,Abramson A S.A Cross-Language Study of Voicing in Initial Stops:Acoustical Measurements[J].Word,1964,20(3):384-422.
[4]Bickely C.Acoustic analysis and perception of breathy vowels[J].Machine Translation,1982.
[5]韦名应.邕宁等壮语阴调类再分化的原因[J].民族语文,2017,(1):41—52.
[6]Zhu,Xiaonong.Chinese Phonetics[J].in the Encyclopedia of Chinese Languages and Chinese Linguistics.Leiden:Brill.2015.