侗语精知庄章组中古汉借词声母的读音
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摘要
侗语精知庄章组中古层汉借词的读音较为特殊:精组为s,知庄章组合并,读为。这与侗语自身音系有关,也与借源汉语有关。另外,个别侗语方言还有精知庄章组塞化现象和精组弱化为h的现象。
The pronunciation of the initials of the Jing(精),Zhi(知),Zhuang(庄),Zhang(章)groups in the Middle Chinese loanwords in Kam is special:The pronunciation of the initial in the Jing group is/s/,with the initials of the Jing,Zhi,Zhuang,Zhang groups merging into a group,reading as//.These phenomena have resulted from the influence of the Kam phonology and the phonology of the Middle Chinese loan words.Additionally,in some Kam dialects,the initials of the Jing,Zhi,Zhuang,Zhang groups have changed into stops and that of the Jing group has been weakened as/h/.
The pronunciation of the initials of the Jing(精),Zhi(知),Zhuang(庄),Zhang(章)groups in the Middle Chinese loanwords in Kam is special:The pronunciation of the initial in the Jing group is/s/,with the initials of the Jing,Zhi,Zhuang,Zhang groups merging into a group,reading as//.These phenomena have resulted from the influence of the Kam phonology and the phonology of the Middle Chinese loan words.Additionally,in some Kam dialects,the initials of the Jing,Zhi,Zhuang,Zhang groups have changed into stops and that of the Jing group has been weakened as/h/.
引文
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[1]关于民族语汉借词分层的理论和具体操作方法,沙加尔和徐世璇(2002)、龚群虎(2002)、曾晓渝(2002,2004)、蓝庆元(2005)等学者已经有过详细的论述,本文即是按照上述学者的理论和方法进行分层。
[2]本文所用侗语材料来源说明如下:榕江县车江侗语,本人2013年暑假调查,发音人吴永谊(1986年生),以及中央民族学院少数民族语言研究所第五研究室编写的《壮侗语族语言词汇集》(1985)所收的车江侗语材料;天柱县石洞侗语,本人2013年暑假调查,发音人龙启益(1958年生);锦屏县高坝侗语,本人2013年暑假调查,发音人石林(1945年生);永从侗语,本人2013年暑假和2015年暑假调查,发音人石锦宏(1963年生)、龙全佑(1990年生);从江县平江侗语,本人2013年暑假调查,发音人潘永乐(1974年生);榕江县乐里侗语,本人2013年暑假调查,发音人姜才晖(1972年生);镇远报京侗语,本人2015年暑假调查,发音人邰通祥(1966年生)、邰光文(1961年生)。本文通道陈团、三江和里、从江贯洞、龙胜平等、黎平水口、大苗山寨怀等地的侗语材料来自上世纪50年代中国科学院少数民族语言调查第一工作队的调查卡片,由贵州民族大学龙耀宏教授整理并提供给笔者,在此表示感谢!
[3]关于六世纪南方汉语的这一现象可参看陈忠敏(2015),该文指出,从《颜氏家训》材料本身不能说明从邪两母在六世纪南方汉语中归并为浊擦音还是浊塞擦音。但是结合《可洪音义》等材料来看,应该是读浊擦音。古江东方言从邪澄崇禅船六母的情况都是如此,只是《颜氏家训》仅举从邪而已。
[4]临高语的例词见本文表9,仫佬语的例词见本文表4。
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[1]关于民族语汉借词分层的理论和具体操作方法,沙加尔和徐世璇(2002)、龚群虎(2002)、曾晓渝(2002,2004)、蓝庆元(2005)等学者已经有过详细的论述,本文即是按照上述学者的理论和方法进行分层。
[2]本文所用侗语材料来源说明如下:榕江县车江侗语,本人2013年暑假调查,发音人吴永谊(1986年生),以及中央民族学院少数民族语言研究所第五研究室编写的《壮侗语族语言词汇集》(1985)所收的车江侗语材料;天柱县石洞侗语,本人2013年暑假调查,发音人龙启益(1958年生);锦屏县高坝侗语,本人2013年暑假调查,发音人石林(1945年生);永从侗语,本人2013年暑假和2015年暑假调查,发音人石锦宏(1963年生)、龙全佑(1990年生);从江县平江侗语,本人2013年暑假调查,发音人潘永乐(1974年生);榕江县乐里侗语,本人2013年暑假调查,发音人姜才晖(1972年生);镇远报京侗语,本人2015年暑假调查,发音人邰通祥(1966年生)、邰光文(1961年生)。本文通道陈团、三江和里、从江贯洞、龙胜平等、黎平水口、大苗山寨怀等地的侗语材料来自上世纪50年代中国科学院少数民族语言调查第一工作队的调查卡片,由贵州民族大学龙耀宏教授整理并提供给笔者,在此表示感谢!
[3]关于六世纪南方汉语的这一现象可参看陈忠敏(2015),该文指出,从《颜氏家训》材料本身不能说明从邪两母在六世纪南方汉语中归并为浊擦音还是浊塞擦音。但是结合《可洪音义》等材料来看,应该是读浊擦音。古江东方言从邪澄崇禅船六母的情况都是如此,只是《颜氏家训》仅举从邪而已。
[4]临高语的例词见本文表9,仫佬语的例词见本文表4。