四川龙门山地区早—中泥盆世混积相遗迹化石及其环境分析
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摘要
龙门山地区早—中泥盆世碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩组成的混合沉积相富含大量海相遗迹化石,可识别居住迹、进食迹、觅食迹、爬行迹和停息迹5大类14属,包括居住迹:Skolithos;进食迹:Chondrites、Phycodes、Planolites、Rhizocorallium、Thalassinoides和Zoophycos;觅食迹:Cylindrichnus以及Palaeophycus;爬行迹:Cruziana和Monomorphichnus;停息迹:Asterichnus、Lockeia和Rusophycus等,这些遗迹化石分属于4个遗迹化石组合,反映了不同沉积环境,分别为:(1)Skolithos—Thalassinoides遗迹组合,沉积于高能砂质环境中,为水动力较强的无障壁滨岸前滨;(2)Rusophycus—Phycodes遗迹化石组合反映了水动力较弱的近滨环境;(3)Chondrites—Palaeophycus遗迹化石组合反映了贫氧、水动力条件较弱的近滨下部环境;(4)Zoophycos—Palaeophycus遗迹化石组合反映的环境为正常浪基面以下,风暴浪基面以上的风暴沉积环境,据此建立了龙门山地区早—中泥盆世混积相遗迹化石生活环境分布模式。龙门山地区早—中泥盆世发现的3种类型Zoophycos遗迹化石,与腕足介壳富集层、波痕、丘状和洼状交错层理等反映浅水环境的沉积特征共存,表明泥盆纪Zoophycos形成于浅水环境。
Abundant marine trace fossils are preserved in the Early-Middle Devonian strata of the Guixi-Shawozi section in Longmenshan area, Sichuan Province. According to the shapes, three types of trace fossils were identified that include Domichnia asSkolithos, Fodinichnia as Chondrites, Phycodes, Planolites, Rhizocorallium, Thalassinoides and Zoophycos; Food-seeking traces including Cylindrichnus and Palaeophycus; Repichnia as Cruziana and Monomorphichnus; Cubichnia as Asterichnus, Lockeia and Rusophycus. 14 kinds in total trace fossils can be identified clearly. The ichnocoenoses represent types of Domichnia, Fodinichnia,Food-seeking traces, Repichnia and Cubichnia. Four ichnocoenoses representing different sedimentary environments were recognized as follows:(1) Skolithos-Thalassinoides ichnocoenosis can be explained as Domichnia from higher-energy foreshore;(2) Rusophycus-Phycodes ichnocoenosis mainly consists of Cubichnia and Fodichnia generated in higher-energy nearshore;(3)Chondrites-Palaeophycus ichnocoenosis is from shallow shelf, which suggests sub-oxic and lower energy;(4) ZoophycosPalaeophycus ichnocoenosis is considered as Fodichnia from higher-energy shallow shelf between normal wave base to storm wave base. In terms of the ichnocoenoses, living environment and distribution pattern of trace fossils of hybrid facies were set up from Early-Middle Devonian strata in Longmen-shan area. Three kinds of Zoophycos fossils were observed, which were coexistent with concentrations of brachiopoda and shell, ripple marks, hummocky and swaley cross bedding, which reflects shallow environment sedimentary characteristics from Early to Middle Devonian in Longmenshan area and indicates that Zoophycos fossils were formed in a shallow environment.
Abundant marine trace fossils are preserved in the Early-Middle Devonian strata of the Guixi-Shawozi section in Longmenshan area, Sichuan Province. According to the shapes, three types of trace fossils were identified that include Domichnia asSkolithos, Fodinichnia as Chondrites, Phycodes, Planolites, Rhizocorallium, Thalassinoides and Zoophycos; Food-seeking traces including Cylindrichnus and Palaeophycus; Repichnia as Cruziana and Monomorphichnus; Cubichnia as Asterichnus, Lockeia and Rusophycus. 14 kinds in total trace fossils can be identified clearly. The ichnocoenoses represent types of Domichnia, Fodinichnia,Food-seeking traces, Repichnia and Cubichnia. Four ichnocoenoses representing different sedimentary environments were recognized as follows:(1) Skolithos-Thalassinoides ichnocoenosis can be explained as Domichnia from higher-energy foreshore;(2) Rusophycus-Phycodes ichnocoenosis mainly consists of Cubichnia and Fodichnia generated in higher-energy nearshore;(3)Chondrites-Palaeophycus ichnocoenosis is from shallow shelf, which suggests sub-oxic and lower energy;(4) ZoophycosPalaeophycus ichnocoenosis is considered as Fodichnia from higher-energy shallow shelf between normal wave base to storm wave base. In terms of the ichnocoenoses, living environment and distribution pattern of trace fossils of hybrid facies were set up from Early-Middle Devonian strata in Longmen-shan area. Three kinds of Zoophycos fossils were observed, which were coexistent with concentrations of brachiopoda and shell, ripple marks, hummocky and swaley cross bedding, which reflects shallow environment sedimentary characteristics from Early to Middle Devonian in Longmenshan area and indicates that Zoophycos fossils were formed in a shallow environment.
引文
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Li Fengjie,Qu Xuelin,Du Lingchun,Jing Xigui,Cheng Xiaoyu.2015.Carbonate facies and sedimentary evolution of Upper Devonian Tuqiaozi Formation in Ganxi section of Longmen Mountain[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,27(5):6-12(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li F J,Qu X L,Du L C,Dai T Y,Yang Y C,Li J W,Yang C J.2016.Genetic processes and environmental significance of Lower Devonian brachiopod shell concentrations in Longmenshan area,Sichuan,China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,115:393-403.
Li Fengjie,Du Lingchun,Qu Xueling,Jing Xigui,Cheng Xiaoyu.2016.Analysis of carbonate sequence stratigraphy of Upper Devonian Tuqiaozi Formation in Ganxi section of Longmenshan area[J].Science Technology and Engineering,16(1):155-161(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Xianghui,Liu Wenjun,Zheng Rongcai.1996.Hybrid facies and sequences of a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate of Early-Mid Devonian in Formountain belt,Longmenshan[C]//Liu Wenjun,Chen Yuanren,Zheng Rongcai(eds.).Sequence Stratigraphy.Chengdu:Chengdu University of Science and Technology Press,46-61(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Wenjun,Chen Yuanren,Zheng Rongcai,Wang Hongfeng,Li Xianghui.Devonian sequence stratigraphy and relative sea-level changes in Longmenshan area,Sichuan[C]//Liu Wenjun,Chen Yuanren(eds.).Sequence Stratigraphy.Chengdu:Chengdu University of Science and Technology Press,1996:1-11(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Wenjun,Zheng Rongcai,Li Xianghui.1999.Reconstruction of palaeogeography andpalaeotectonics of a Devonian sedimentary basin in the Longmenshan Area,Sichuan[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,73(2):109-119(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lin Wenqiu,Liu Zongwen,Wang Hongfeng.1986.The approach to vertical U-shaped spreiten-burrow and Lower Devonian Pingyipu Formation nearshore-foreshore depositional environments,Longmen Mountain,Sichuan[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,6(3):121-131(in Chinese with English abstract).
Pandey D K,Uchman A,Kumar V,Shekhawat R S.2014.Cambrian trace fossils of the Cruziana,ichnofacies from the Bikaner-Nagaur Basin,north western Indian Craton[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,81(4):129-141.
Richiano S.2015.Environmental factors affecting the development of the Zoophycos ichnofacies in the Lower Cretaceous Río Mayer Formation(Austral Basin,Patagonia).Palaeogeogr.Palaeoclimatol.Palaeoecol.,439:17-26.
Seilacher,A.1967.Bathymetry of trace fossils[J].Marine Geology,5:413-428.
Seilacher A,Seilacher E.1994.Bivalvian trace fossils:a lesson from actuopaleontology[J].Cour.Forsch.Inst.Senckenb,169:5-15.
Shi Zhensheng,Zhu Xiaomin,Wang Guiwen,Zhong Dakang Zhang Xinpei.2004.Silurian ichnoassemblages of Talimu basin and their sedimentary environments[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),19(4):32-35(in Chinese with English abstract).
Shi Zhensheng,Zhu Xiaomin,Wang Guiwen,Zhong Dakang Zhang Xinpei.2005.Trace fossils of tidal flat Tataertage Formation(Silurian)in central Tarim basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,23(1):91-99(in Chinese with English abstract).
Taylor A M,Goldring R.Description and analysis of bioturbation and ichnofabric[J].Journal of the Geological Society,1993,150(1):141-148.
Uchmana A,Drygant D,Paszkowski M,Porebski S J,Turnau E.2004.Early Devonian trace fossils in marine to non-marine redbeds in Podolia,U kraine:palaeoenvironmental implications[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,214:67-83.
Wang Shangyan.1989.The discovery of Zoophycuses in Lower carboniferous series in Guizhou[J].Guizhou Geology,6(2):117-122(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wei Qinlian,Zheng Rongcai,Zhou Gang,Xiao Ling.2011.Clastic tempestite in Xiejiawan member of Ganxi Formation within Longmenshan area and its significance[J].Geology in China,38(5):1282-1288(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wetzel A,Werner F.1981.Morphology and ecological significance of Zoophycos in deep-sea sediments off NW Africa[J].Palaeogeogr.Palaeoclimatol.Palaeoecol.,32,185-212.
Wang Yue.2004.The Approach To palaeoecology of ichnofossil Zoophycos from Middle Devonian in Dushan county,Guizhou Province[J].Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,43(4):591-596(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xian Siyuan,Chen Jirong,Wang zhengquan.1995.Devonian ecostratigtaphy,sequence stratigraphy and sea-level changes in Ganxi,Longmen mountain area,Sichuan[J].Sedimentary Facies and Palaeogeography,15(6):1-47(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang Ruidong,Yan Chengxi,Wang Chengyuan,Chen Wenyi.1995.The carboniferous trace fossils in Guizhou:discussion on distribution of Zoophycos throughout geologic history[J].Guizhou Geology,12(4):290-297(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang Shipu.1984.The discovery of Zoophycus in China and its environmental significance[J].Oil&Gas Geology,5(3):228-235(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang Shipu,Zhang Jianping,Yang Meifang.2004.Trace Fossils of China[M].Beijing:Science Press(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Lijun,Gong Yiming.2012.Systematic revision and ichnotaxonomy of Zoophycos[J].Earth Science--Journal of China University of Geosciences,37(S1):60-79(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Lijun,Gong Yiming.2013.Ichnocoenosis of the Lower Devonian Pingyipu Formation,Longmen mountain,Sichuan[J].Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,52(1):86-95(in Chinese with English abstract).
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