青藏高原及其周边区域沙尘天气的时空分布特征
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摘要
基于站点观测的沙尘暴数据和卫星遥感(FY-3A)的沙尘数据,分析了青藏高原及塔里木盆地-河西走廊沙尘天气的时空分布特征。结果表明:在空间分布上,沙尘天气发生的次数和强度自塔里木盆地-河西走廊往青藏高原的东南方向递减。季节变化上,沙尘暴在青藏高原主要发生在冬、春季,而在塔里木盆地-河西走廊主要发生在春、夏季,这主要是由于地表大风中心在3月北移、10月南移; FY-3A反演的沙尘天气在两个区域均主要发生在冬、春季,发生强度与观测结果在季节变化上也存在差异。在1980—2007年,青藏高原的沙尘暴发生次数和强度上均呈减弱趋势,塔里木盆地-河西走廊的沙尘暴发生次数减弱而强度增强。
In-situ observed sand-dust storm data and FY-3 A dust storm monitoring data were used to analyze the spatial and seasonal distribution of sand-dust weather in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP) and its surrounding areas(the Tarim Basin-Hexi Corrido, TH). Results show that the occurrence frequency and strength of sand-dust weather decrease from the TH to the southeastern QTP. Seasonally, observations show that the QTP has more sand-dust storms in spring and winter, while the TH has more sand-dust storms in spring and summer, mainly because the near-surface high wind speed moves north in March and then moves south in October. However, FY-3 A dust storm data show that there is more sand-dust weather in winter and spring for both regions, its occurrence strength of sand-dust weather is also different from the observations seasonally. In 1980-2007, the occurrence frequency of sand-dust storms reduces for most stations in both QTP and TH significantly, but their occurrence strength decreases in QTP while increases in TH.
In-situ observed sand-dust storm data and FY-3 A dust storm monitoring data were used to analyze the spatial and seasonal distribution of sand-dust weather in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP) and its surrounding areas(the Tarim Basin-Hexi Corrido, TH). Results show that the occurrence frequency and strength of sand-dust weather decrease from the TH to the southeastern QTP. Seasonally, observations show that the QTP has more sand-dust storms in spring and winter, while the TH has more sand-dust storms in spring and summer, mainly because the near-surface high wind speed moves north in March and then moves south in October. However, FY-3 A dust storm data show that there is more sand-dust weather in winter and spring for both regions, its occurrence strength of sand-dust weather is also different from the observations seasonally. In 1980-2007, the occurrence frequency of sand-dust storms reduces for most stations in both QTP and TH significantly, but their occurrence strength decreases in QTP while increases in TH.
引文
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[19] 柳丹,张武,陈艳,等.基于卫星遥感的中国西北地区沙尘天气发生机理及传输路径分析[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(6):1605-1616.
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[2] 冯鑫媛,王式功,杨德保,等.近几年沙尘天气对中国北方环保重点城市可吸入颗粒物污染的影响[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(3):735-740.
[3] 余予,孟晓艳,刘娜,等.近50年春季沙尘活动及其对PM10质量浓度的影响[J].高原气象,2014,33(4):988-994.
[4] 陈杰,赵素平,殷代英,等.沙尘天气过程对中国北方城市空气质量的影响[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(2):423-430.
[5] 王涛,陈广庭,钱正安,等.中国北方沙尘暴现状及对策[J].中国科学院院刊,2001,16(5):343-348.
[6] 姚檀栋,陈发虎,崔鹏,等.从青藏高原到第三极和泛第三极[J].中国科学院院刊,2017,32(9):924-931.
[7] Immerzeel W W,Ludovicus P B,Bierkens M P.Climate change will affect the Asian water towers[J].Science,2010,328(5984):1382-1385.
[8] Wu G X,Liu Y M,Wang T M,et al.The influence of mechanical and thermal forcing by the Tibetan Plateau on Asian climate[J].Journal of Hydrometeorology,2007,8(4):770-789.
[9] 吴国雄,张永生.青藏高原的热力和机械强迫作用以及亚洲季风的爆发I.爆发地点[J].大气科学,1998,22(6):22-35.
[10] 刘晓东.青藏高原隆升对亚洲季风形成和全球气候与环境变化的影响[J].高原气象,1999,18(3):321-332.
[11] 吴国雄,张永生.青藏高原的热力和机械强迫作用以及亚洲季风的爆发II.爆发时间[J].大气科学,1999,23(1):52-61.
[12] 周秀骥,赵平,陈军明,等.青藏高原热力作用对北半球气候影响的研究[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学),2009(11):1473-1486.
[13] Zhang C L,Qing L,Shen Y P,et al.Monitoring of aeolian deserti?cation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from the 1970s to 2015 using Landsat images[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,619/620:1648-1659.
[14] 韩永翔,奚晓霞,宋连春,等.青藏高原沙尘及其可能的气候意义[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(5):72-76.
[15] 韩兰英,张强,郭铌,等.中国西北地区沙尘天气的时空位移特征[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(2):454-457.
[16] 周自江.近45年中国扬沙和沙尘暴天气[J].第四纪研究,2001,21(1):9-17.
[17] 苟诗薇,伍永秋,郑影华.青藏高原典型区域沙尘天气与气候要素关系分析[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2009,45(3):314-318.
[18] 延昊,张佳华,赵一平,等.青藏高原沙尘天气的遥感研究[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(6):932-934.
[19] 柳丹,张武,陈艳,等.基于卫星遥感的中国西北地区沙尘天气发生机理及传输路径分析[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(6):1605-1616.
[20] 罗敬宁,徐喆,亓永刚.基于风云三号卫星的全球沙尘遥感方法[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(3):690-698.
[21] 杨志华,张旭,毛炜峄.基于FY-3B/VIRR数据的新疆沙尘天气遥感监测应用研究[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2014(5):48-52.
[22] Yang K,Ye B S,Zhou D G,et al.Response of hydrological cycle to recent climate changes in the Tibetan Plateau[J].Climatic Change,2011,109(3/4):517-534.
[23] 罗敬宁,范一大,史培军,等.多源遥感数据沙尘暴强度监测的信息可比方法[J].自然灾害学报,2003(2):28-34.